TORU

An expedition flight engineer practices docking with TORU rendezvous system in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS) in preparation for the docking of the Progress 13

TORU (rus. Телеоператорный Режим Управления - Teleoperated Mode of (spacecraft) Control [1]) system is a manual docking system of Russian Soyuz and Progress spacecraft that serves as a backup to the automatic Kurs system [2]. It was used on the former Mir and Salyut space stations and is currently in use on the International Space Station. The TORU system became known to the public in 1997 when it was used during the manual approach of Progress M-34 to Mir that ended up with a dangerous collision. It was an approach of a previously used Progress spacecraft with the purpose of research work on further improvement of TORU.

TORU has two joysticks which can be used to manually fly the ship.The left joystick is used to control the movement of the ship and the right joystick is used to control its orientation. The system also includes a camera that is mounted on the docking spacecraft and provides visual feedback when the spacecraft is remotely controlled from the station to that it is docking. TORU also transfers sounds from the spacecraft that may provide indirect information about the docking process [3].

While ships are sufficiently close when docking to make signal travel delay insignificant, cosmonauts claim that TORU has a certain delay when operating the ship from the space station remotely [4]. Some radio amateurs think they have observed TORU docking signals [5].