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Teip

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For the Norwegian motion picture production company, see Teip Ltd.

Teip (also taip) is a Chechen tribal organization or clan, self-identified through descent from a common ancestor and geographic location. There are about 130 teips (though some sources state that there may be as many as 300). More than 20 teips originated from newcomers, in particular Avars, Kumyks, Jews, Georgians, Russians, Turks. The taips descending of non-Chechen ancestors are called impure teips (in other language: su’lijn taipa, соьли тайпа). In teips internal dynamic an honor and blood feuds plays major role. The teip membership and the tukkhum membership defined the social position of a Chechen. The lack of any affiliation of a person can be described as “This man has neither a teip nor a tukkhum”.

Traditional teip rules and features

Common teip rules and some features:[1]:

  • The right of communal land tenure
  • Common revenge for murder of a teip member or insulting of the members of a teip
  • Unconditional exogamy
  • Election of a headman
  • Election of a military head (in other languages: bjachi, bjači, бячча) in case of war
  • Election of a Council of Elders without property qualification
  • Open sessions of the Council of Elders
  • Equal right of all members of the Council of Elders
  • The right of the teip to depose its representatives
  • Representation of women by male relatives
  • The right of the adoption of outside people
  • The transfer of property of departed to members of the teips
  • Every teip has a name derived from the ancestor
  • The teip has a defined territory and a traditional mountain
  • The teip had a teip tower or another building or natural monument convenient as a shelter, e.g. a fortress, cave or rock
  • In the past the teip had its own Godhead
  • The teip had specific festivities, customs, traditions and habits
  • The teip had an own taip cemetery
  • There was a common teip hospitality

List of teips

Below is a list of teips with the tukkhum to which it belongs, a short description, relation to the Russian Chechen conflict and notable members:

  • Myalkiy tukkhum (Russian:Мялкий)
  • Nokhchmakhkakhoy tukkhum (Russian: Нохчмахкахой)
    • Aleroy (Russian: Алерой) A small eastern teip from the Aleroy village in Kurchaloyevsky District.
    • Beltagoy (Russian: Белгатой) Formerly part of the Beltoj teip.
    • Benoy (Benoy, Benoi) (Russian: Беной) probably the largest teip with roughly 36,000 members.
    • Biltoy (Russian: Билтой) , teip in Nozhay-Yurtovsky District.
    • Chartoy (Russian: Чартой) **Chermoy (Russian: Чермой), an impure teip, mostly populates Mexkety village. Also dominates in the mountains of Chermoy-lam.
    • Centoroy (Russian: Цонтарой/Центорой ) - one of the largest eastern teips.
    • Elistanzhkhoy (Russian: Элистанжхой) – from Khatuni village in Vedensky District. Moved to Aldy near Grozny.
    • Enganoy (Russian: Энганой) – dispersed throughout the Chechen Republic. It is considered that many Muslim Imams originate from here.
    • Ersenoy (Russian: Эрсеной) – eastern teip in the Nokhchimokhk region in Shalinsky and Gudermessky Districts.
    • Gendagenoy (Russian: Гендаргеной) – from historic center of Chechen Republic called Nokhchijmokhka. **Gordaloy (Russian: Гордалой) – supporters of the separatist movement.
    • Gunoi (Russian: Гуной ) Also known as White Gunoi. This north-eastern teip is largely anti-separatist and pro-Kremlin. It is impure teip originated due to diffusion of population between Russian Cossacks and some Chechen taips.
    • Kharachoi (Russian: Харачой) **Yalkhoi (Russian: Ялхой) . *Orstkhoi (Ershtkhoy) tukkhum(Russian: Эршткхой)
  • Terloy tukkhum (Russian:Терлой)
    • Beshni (Russian: Бешни), a highland south-eastern teip. Has its own mountain – Beshni-Lam.
    • Chinkhoi(Chonkhoy)(Russian: Чинхой). Teip with pro-federal position. *Chantiy tukkhum (Russian: Чантий)
    • Chanti (Russian: Чанти)
  • Cheberloy (Chebarloy, Chebarloj) tukkhum (Russian: Чебарлой )
  • Sharoy tukkhum (Russian: Шарой )
  • Shotoy tukkhum (Russian: Шотой )
    • Varandoy (Russian: Варандой)– one of the best known highland teips. Of outer roots according to Russian accounts.
  • Tukkhum is not known
    • Chinnakhoy (Russian: Чиннахой)
    • Marshaloy (Russian: Маршалой)
    • Mulkoy (Russian: Мулкой), a small highland teip in Shatoysky District.
    • Nashkhoy (Russian: Нашхой) – ethnogenetic center of Nokhchimatnens in the Middle Ages.
    • Peshkhoy (Russian: Пешхой )
    • Satoy (Russian: Сатой)– aristocratic teip from Beltoj.
    • Turkoy (Russian: Туркой) . Turkic teip.
    • Khindkhoy (Russian: Хиндхой), a small teip located in the region of Galanchozha.
    • Kalkhoy (Russian: Калхой) highland teip.
    • Yalkhoroy (Russian: Ялхорой) – the Yalkhoroi village is named after this teip.
    • Zumsoy (Russian: Зумсой) – highland teip.
    • Zurzakkhoy (Russian: Зурзакхой) – considered to be one of the most indigenous teips.

References

  1. ^ [1] Traditional Social Organisation of Chechen people (pdf)

See also

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