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Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)

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Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
3D model of the tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) molecule
Names
IUPAC name
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)
Other names
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0)
TPP platinum(0)
Identifiers
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.610 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • Unregistered
Properties
Template:Carbon72Template:Hydrogen60Template:Phosphorus4Template:Platinum
Molar mass 1244.24 g/mol
Appearance yellow crystals
Melting point 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)
Insoluble
Structure
four triphenylphosphine unidentate
ligands attached to a central Pt(0)
atom in a tetrahedral geometry
tetrahedral
0 D
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 PPh3 is an irritant
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
1
Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDS
Related compounds
Related complexes
 Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)
tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0)
tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
Related compounds
 triphenylphosphine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) is the chemical compound with the formula Pt(P(C6H5)3)4, often abbreviated Pt(PPh3)4. The bright yellow compound is used as a precursor to other platinum complexes.[1][2]

Structure and behavior

The molecule is tetrahedral, with point group symmetry of Td, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d10 configuration.[3] Even though this complex follows the 18 electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16e− derivative containing only three PPh3 ligands:

Pt(PPh3)4 → Pt(PPh3)3 + PPh3

Synthesis and reactions

The complex is typically prepared in one-pot reaction from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). Reduction of this platinum(II) species with alkaline ethanol in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine affords the product as a precipitate. The reaction occurs in two distinct steps. In the first step, PtCl2(PPh3)2 is generated. In the second step, this platinum(II) complex is reduced. The overall synthesis can be summarized as:

K2[PtCl4] + 2KOH + 4PPh3 + C2H5OH → Pt(PPh3)4 + 4KCl + CH3CHO + 2H2O

Pt(PPh3)4 reacts with oxidants to give platinum(II) derivatives:

Pt(PPh3)4 + Cl2 → cis-PtCl2(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3

Mineral acids give the corresponding hydride complexes:

Pt(PPh3)4 + HCl → trans-PtCl(H)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3

The reaction with oxygen affords a dioxygen complex:

Pt(PPh3)4 + O2 → Pt(η2-O2)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3

This complex is a precursor to the ethylene complex

Pt(η2-O2)(PPh3)2 + C2H4 → Pt(η2-C2H4)(PPh3)2 + "NaBH2(OH)2"

References

  1. ^ Ugo, R.; Cariati, F.; La Monica, G. (1968). "Tris- and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)". Inorganic Syntheses. 11: 115–108. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch32.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Safety Data Sheet http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/10549.pdf
  3. ^ Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.
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