Nitrososphaerota

Nitrososphaerota
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	"Proteoarchaeota"
Phylum:	"Thaumarchaeota"; Brochier-Armanet et al. 2008
Class
	Nitrososphaeria Stieglmeier et al. 2014 "Candidatus Caldiarchaeum" Nunoura et al. 2011 "Candidatus Caldiarchaeum subterraneum" Nunoura et al. 2011; ; "Candidatus Giganthauma" Muller et al. 2010 "Candidatus Giganthauma insulaporcus" Muller et al. 2010; "Candidatus Giganthauma karukerense" Muller et al. 2010; ; "Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus" Santoro et al. 2014 "Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis" Santoro et al. 2014; ; "Candidatus Nitrosotalea" Lehtovirta 2011 "Candidatus Nitrosotalea devanaterra" Lehtovirta 2011; ; Cenarchaeales Cavalier-Smith 2002 "Cenarchaeaceae" DeLong and Preston 1996 Cenarchaeum ♠ DeLong and Preston 1996 Cenarchaeum symbiosum ♠ DeLong and Preston 1996; ; ; ; Nitrososphaerales Stieglmeier et al. 2014 Nitrososphaeraceae Stieglmeier et al. 2014 Nitrososphaera Stieglmeier et al. 2014 "Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis" Zhainina et al. 2013; "Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis" Hatzenpichler et al. 2008; Nitrososphaera viennensis Stieglmeier et al. 2014; ; ; ; "Candidatus Nitrosopumilales" Konneke et al. 2005 "Candidatus Nitrosopumilaceae" Konneke et al. 2005 "Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum" Blainey et al. 2011 "Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis" Kim et al. 2011; "Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum limnia" Blainey et al. 2011; ; "Candidatus Nitrosotenuis" Lebedeva et al. 2013 "Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonensis" Lebedeva et al. 2013; "Candidatus Nitrosotenuis cloacae" Li et al. 2016; ; "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus" Konneke et al. 2005 "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus koreensis" Park et al. 2012; "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus salaria" Mosier et al. 2012; "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus" Konneke et al. 2005; "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus adriaticus" Bayer et al. 2016; "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus piranensis" Bayer et al. 2016; ; ; ;

The Thaumarchaeota or Thaumarchaea (from the Ancient Greek: θαῦμα, romanized: thaûma, lit. 'miracle') are a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum was sequenced and found to differ significantly from other members of the hyperthermophilic phylum Crenarchaeota.^[1]^[2] Three described species in addition to C. symbosium are Nitrosopumilus maritimus, Nitrososphaera viennensis, and Nitrososphaera gargensis.^[2] All organisms of this lineage thus far identified are chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizers and may play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, such as the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle. Metagenomic sequencing indicates that they constitute ~1% of the sea surface metagenome across many sites.^[3]

The phylum was proposed in 2008 based on phylogenetic data, such as the sequences of these organisms' ribosomal RNA genes, and the presence of a form of type I topoisomerase that was previously thought to be unique to the eukaryotes.^[2]^[4] This assignment was confirmed by further analysis published in 2010 that examined the genomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrososphaera gargensis, concluding that these species form a distinct lineage that includes Cenarchaeum symbiosum.^[5]

A study has revealed that Thaumarchaeota are most likely the dominant producers of the critical vitamin B12.^[6] Due to this vitamin, this finding has not just important implications for phytoplankton, but also atmospheric carbon dioxide, as well as DNA generation and organism development in all life which depends on the vitamin.

References

^ Tourna, Maria; Stieglmeier, Michaela; Spang, Anja; Könneke, Martin; Schintlmeister, Arno; Urich, Tim; Engel, Marion; Schloter, Michael; Wagner, Michael; et al. (2011). "Nitrososphaera viennensis, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon from soil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (20): 8420–5. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8420T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013488108. PMC 3100973. PMID 21525411.
^ ^a ^b ^c Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Boussau, Bastien; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Forterre, Patrick (2008). "Mesophilic crenarchaeota: Proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the Thaumarchaeota". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 6 (3): 245–52. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1852. PMID 18274537. {{cite journal}}: Check |first4= value (help)
^ Walker, C. B.; de la Torre, J. R.; Klotz, M. G.; Urakawa, H.; Pinel, N.; Arp, D. J.; Brochier-Armanet, C.; Chain, P. S. G.; Chan, P. P. (2010-05-11). "Nitrosopumilus maritimus genome reveals unique mechanisms for nitrification and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (19): 8818–8823. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.8818W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913533107. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2889351. PMID 20421470.
^ Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Forterre, Patrick (2008). "A DNA topoisomerase IB in Thaumarchaeota testifies for the presence of this enzyme in the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eucarya". Biology Direct. 3: 54. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-54. PMC 2621148. PMID 19105819.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Spang, Anja; Hatzenpichler, Roland; Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Rattei, Thomas; Tischler, Patrick; Spieck, Eva; Streit, Wolfgang; Stahl, David A.; Wagner, Michael; et al. (2010). "Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammonia-oxidizing archaea supports the phylum Thaumarchaeota". Trends in Microbiology. 18 (8): 331–40. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.003. PMID 20598889.
^ https://phys.org/news/2014-09-crucial-vitamin.html Phys.org Researchers discover new producer of crucial vitamin

Yanagawa, Katsunori; Breuker, A.; Schippers, A.; Nishizawa, M.; Ijiri, A.; Hirai, M.; Takaki, Y.; Sunamura, M.; Urabe, T.; Nunoura, T.; Takai, K. (October 2014). "Microbial Community Stratification Controlled by the Subseafloor Fluid Flow and Geothermal Gradient at the Iheya North Hydrothermal Field in the Mid-Okinawa Trough (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 331)". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (19): 6126–6135. doi:10.1128/AEM.01741-14. PMC 4178666. PMID 25063666.
Wu, Yucheng; Conrad, Ralf (July 2014). "Ammonia oxidation-dependent growth of group I.1b in acidic red soil microcosms". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 89 (1): 127–134. doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12340. PMID 24724989.
Deschamps, Philippe; Zivanovic, Yvan; Moreira, David; Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco; Lopez-Garcia, Purificacion (8 June 2014). "Pangenome Evidence for Extensive Interdomain Horizontal Transfer Affecting Lineage Core and Shell Genes in Uncultured Planktonic Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota". Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (7): 1549–1563. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu127. PMC 4122925. PMID 24923324.
Zhalnina, Kateryna; Dias, Raquel; Leonard, Michael; Dorr de Quadros, Patricia; Camargo, Flavio; Drew, Jennifer; Farmerie, William; Daroub, Samira; Triplett, Eric (7 July 2014). "Genome Sequence of Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis from Group I.1b Enriched from Everglades Soil Reveals Novel Genomic Features of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea". PLoS ONE. 9 (7): e101648. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j1648Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101648. PMC 4084955. PMID 24999826.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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[1] Tourna, Maria; Stieglmeier, Michaela; Spang, Anja; Könneke, Martin; Schintlmeister, Arno; Urich, Tim; Engel, Marion; Schloter, Michael; Wagner, Michael; et al. (2011). "Nitrososphaera viennensis, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon from soil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (20): 8420–5. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8420T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013488108. PMC 3100973. PMID 21525411.

[Brochier-Armanet-2] Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Boussau, Bastien; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Forterre, Patrick (2008). "Mesophilic crenarchaeota: Proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the Thaumarchaeota". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 6 (3): 245–52. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1852. PMID 18274537. {{cite journal}}: Check |first4= value (help)

[3] Walker, C. B.; de la Torre, J. R.; Klotz, M. G.; Urakawa, H.; Pinel, N.; Arp, D. J.; Brochier-Armanet, C.; Chain, P. S. G.; Chan, P. P. (2010-05-11). "Nitrosopumilus maritimus genome reveals unique mechanisms for nitrification and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (19): 8818–8823. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.8818W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913533107. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2889351. PMID 20421470.

[4] Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Forterre, Patrick (2008). "A DNA topoisomerase IB in Thaumarchaeota testifies for the presence of this enzyme in the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eucarya". Biology Direct. 3: 54. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-54. PMC 2621148. PMID 19105819.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[5] Spang, Anja; Hatzenpichler, Roland; Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Rattei, Thomas; Tischler, Patrick; Spieck, Eva; Streit, Wolfgang; Stahl, David A.; Wagner, Michael; et al. (2010). "Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammonia-oxidizing archaea supports the phylum Thaumarchaeota". Trends in Microbiology. 18 (8): 331–40. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.003. PMID 20598889.

[6] ttps://phys.org/news/2014-09-crucial-vitamin.html Phys.org Researchers discover new producer of crucial vitamin

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Nitrososphaerota

See also

References

Further reading