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* [[Albert Pike|Pike, Albert]], ''[[Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry|Morals and Dogma]]'' (1871)
* [[Albert Pike|Pike, Albert]], ''[[Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry|Morals and Dogma]]'' (1871)
* Richardson, James T.; Joel Best; [[David G. Bromley]], ''The Satanism Scare'' (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1991).
* Richardson, James T.; Joel Best; [[David G. Bromley]], ''The Satanism Scare'' (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1991).

* Vera, Diane, ''[http://www.theisticsatanism.com/ Theistic Satanism]: The new Satanisms of the era of the Internet''
* {{cite book | author=Karlsson, Thomas| title=Qabalah, Qliphoth and Goetic Magic | month=February | year=2008 | isbn=0972182012}}
* {{cite book | author=Karlsson, Thomas| title=Qabalah, Qliphoth and Goetic Magic | month=February | year=2008 | isbn=0972182012}}
* {{cite book | author=Ford, Michael| title=Luciferian Witchcraft | month=March | year=2005 | isbn=1411626389}}
* {{cite book | author=Ford, Michael| title=Luciferian Witchcraft | month=March | year=2005 | isbn=1411626389}}

Revision as of 19:15, 16 November 2008

File:Lucifersigil.jpg
Part of the seal of Lucifer from the Grimorium Verum, used as a symbol of Satan by some Theistic Satanists

Theistic Satanism, also known as Traditional Satanism, is the belief that Satan is an actual deity or force worthy of reverence or worship.[1] Within Theistic Satanism there are a wide variety of beliefs. Their concept of Satan is not based on the works of Anton LaVey, whose Satanism is not the worship of Satan but a form of individualism[2] using Satan as a symbol of man living in accordance with his nature,[3] however they may use some Satanic iconography made more widely known by LaVeyan Satanists, such as the sigil of Baphomet, and may have some interest in LaVeyan texts such as the Satanic Bible.[4] Both types of Satanist may believe in magic, and use ritual, but Theistic Satanists also believe in Satan as an independent agent and pray.[5] Theistic Satanists may consider their forebears to include figures such as La Voisin. Some Theistic Satanists claim to have been born into a generational or familial tradition of Satanism.[6].

Possible history of Theistic Satanism

The Baphomet, adopted symbol of some Left-Hand Path systems, including Theistic Satanism.

Although little is known about Theistic Satanists in history, some members of Ordo Flammeus Serpens (OFS), a group that venerates demons, say that they were trained by a traditional family sect, or are generational demonolators whose religion has been passed down through the family.[7] Claims such as these are unproven.[8]. Tani Jantsang of "Satanic Reds" refers to herself as a generational Satanist,[6] but what she means by that is that her family would have been labelled Satanic by Christianity, although they are in fact "non-Islamic Turko-Tatar."[9] Theistic Satanists are inspired by incidences they see as evidence of previous followers of their faith. The concept of "Satan" may incorporate elements from older religions than Judaism. Ha-satan is the role of one of God's court, whose duties include testing the faith of humanity; the concept may be derived from a judicial function in Israeli court, similar to a prosecuting attorney.[10] The Jewish Encyclopedia says that parts of the Old Testament where Satan is seen to act independently of God may have been influenced by Zoroastrianism.[11] Anne Rice, while not a Satanist herself, equates Satan with Ahriman, the destructive spirit in Zoroastrianism,[12] as does Nikolas Schreck.[13] The Joy of Satan, an anti-Semitic group, consider Satan to be Enki,[14] though most other Satanists, including Diane Vera, do not believe this to be the case, and do not agree with the Joy of Satan's neo-Nazi views.[15] The Joy of Satan believes the Al-Jilwah of the Yezidi to be the words of Satan and considers Melek Taus to be Satan, [16] however this may be based on Muslim prejudices about the Yezidi which Anton LaVey assumed were true, and may not be a reflection of what the Yezidi believe. Historically, accusing someone of Satanism was a pejorative term for those with opinions that differed from predominant religious or moral beliefs. [17] Paul Tuitean believes the idea of acts of "reverse Christianity" was created by the Inquisition, [18] but George Battaille believes the mass may have existed prior to the descriptions of it which were obtained through the witchcraft trials.[19]

Although John Milton was unlikely to have been a Theistic Satanist, his epic poem Paradise Lost, is an inspiration for Satanism to the extent that William Blake said of Milton "[he is] a true Poet, and of the Devil's party without knowing it."[20] As well as being the inspiration for the Satanic School of literature Milton, Dante, Marlowe, and Goethe, are said by Nikolas Schreck to be the foundation of the modern concept of Satan. He argues that these authors had "access to the Luciferian vision" and a "diabolical consciousness" that flourished due to their separation from the common man, "a radical disruption from the norm that allowed the effulgence of the black light to illuminate their work."[13]

A depiction of the typical features of historical descriptions of the Black Mass

In the 18th century various kinds of popular "Satanic" literature began to be produced in France, including some well-known grimoires with instructions for making a pact with the devil. The Marquis de Sade describes defiling crucifixies and other holy objects, and in Justine gives a fictional account of the Black Mass [21] although Ronald Hayman has said Sade's need for blasphemy was an emotional reaction and rebellion from which Sade moved on, seeking to develop a more reasoned atheistc philosophy.[22] In the 19th century, Eliphas Levi published his French books of the occult, and in 1855 produced his well-known drawing of the Baphomet which continues to be used by some Satanists today (for example the sigil of Baphomet). Finally, in 1891, Joris-Karl Huysmans published his Satanic novel, Là-Bas, which included a detailed description of a Black Mass which he may have known first-hand was being performed in Paris at the time.[23], or the account may have been based on the masses carried out by Étienne Guibourg, rather than by Huysmans attending himself.[24] Quotations from Huysmans' Black Mass are also used in some Satanic rituals to this day since it is one of the few sources that purports to describe the words used in a Black Mass. The type of Satanism described in Là-Bas suggests that prayers are said to the Devil, hosts are stolen from the Catholic Church, and sexual acts are combined with Roman Catholic altar objects and rituals, to produce a variety of Satanism which exalts the Devil and degrades the God of Christianity by inverting Roman Catholic rites. George Battaille claims that Huyman's description of the Black Mass is "indisputably authentic."[19] Not all Theistic Satanists today routinely perform the Black Mass. If the mass seems to have been abandoned, this may be because the mass is not a part of modern evangelical Christianity [25] and so not such an unintentional influence on Satanist practices. If rites of blasphemy such as blasphemy against the Holy Spirit are used at all they are often solely for beginners in Satanism to help them break away from any past Christian indoctrination or restrictive internalization of society's expectations for behaviour.

Michael Aquino published a rare 1970 text of a Church of Satan black mass, the Missa Solemnis, in his book The Church of Satan[26], and Anton LaVey included a different Church of Satan black mass, the Messe Noire, in his 1972 book The Satanic Rituals. LaVey's work on Satanism, which began in the 1960s, had a great influence on popularising Satanism and making people aware of the possibility of being a Satanist. While his theology is not that of Theistic Satanism as his followers such as the Church of Satan do not worship Satan, his books and his philosophy are an inspiration to some Theistic Satanists. For a long time, his books were the few available which advertised themselves as being Satanic, although others were influential to occultists of the day and detailed the history of witchcraft and Satanism, such as The Black Arts by Richard Cavendish published in 1967, as well as the classic French work Satanism and Witchcraft, by Jules Michelet. Anton LaVey specifically denounced "devil worshippers" and the idea of praying to Satan.

Preconceptions and myths

The Satanic Ritual Abuse scare was often centred on fears or beliefs about traditional Satanism[27] The existence of large networks of organized Satanists involved in illegal activities, murder, and child abuse is occasionally claimed. Those claims have not been substantiated, and it has been labeled by Satanists and by sociologists as an example of a moral panic.

Some studies of crimes have also looked at the theological perspective of those who commit religious or ritualised crime. [28] However, criminals who explain their crimes by claim to be Satanists have been said by sociologists to be "pseudo-Satanists."[29] and attempts to link Satanism to crime have been seen as scaremongering by Theistic Satanists themselves.[30] Even seemingly non-Christian writers can include disproven themes popular with the Satanic Ritual Abuse movement, such as sexual crime being required for Satanism.[31] Some Christians fear that references to Satan in popular culture and music inspire some people to Theistic Satanism.[32] Although music cannot make someone become a Satanist, Christopher Partridge has said that regardless of whether the black metal musicians concerned are genuinely Theistic Satanists, through hearing the lyrics for instance of Black Sabbath and Coven (band)[33] people may hear for the first time that there are people who are Theistic Satanists, and may be inspired to then go on to learn more about Theistic Satanism and eventually practice it long-term.[34]While they may first come upon the more obtainable works of Anton LaVey, who denied belief in Satan, those who discover his writings may then go on to reach a traditional viewpoint. [35] Christians may fear that Satanists spend their time blaspheming Christianity,[36], but while some chose to begin their time as a Satanist by performing a renunciation ritual or rite of blasphemy, so that they can break from any negative conditioning they may have from previous religions they have followed, and begin their life anew, those who do so may not necessarily make that a regular practice.[37] Christians may fear that traditional Satanists may attempt to hex Christian meetings[36], using cursed objects such as "witch's tape", and indeed some Theistic Satanists do practice spiritual warfare to accomplish Satan's will.[38]

Some may choose to live out the myths and stereotypes, but Christianity is not always the primary frame of reference for Theistic Satanists.[39] Their religion may be based on dark pagan, left hand path and occult traditions. Theistic Satanists who base their faith on Christian ideas about Satan may be referred to as "Reverse Christians" by other Satanists, often in a pejorative fashion.[40] However those labeled by some as "reverse Christians" may see their concept of Satan as not diluted or sanitized. They worship a stricter interpretation of Satan: that of the Satan featured in the Christian Bible. Wiccans may consider most Satanism to be reverse Christianity,[41] and the head of the Church of Satan, Peter Gilmore, considers "devil worship" to be a Christian heresy.[3] Diane Vera considers reverse Christianity "default Satanism", saying that for those teenagers who live in a Christian culture, or for people who've just left Christianity, this form of Satanism is the one they would arrive at on their own, before they learn other ideas.[42]

Values in Theistic Satanism

Satan in the Garden of Eden, depicted by William Blake

Seeking knowledge is seen by some Theistic Satanists as important to Satan, due to his being equated with the Serpent in Genesis encouraging mankind to partake of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, that they might become as God, and giving mankind a greater intellect.[43] Some perceive Satan as Baphomet, a hermaphroditic bestower of knowledge (gnosis.) Other Satanic groups, such as Luciferians, and some individual Satanists also seek to gain greater gnosis. For some Satanists, this is a form of gnosticism where they view Yahweh as the demiurge and Satan as the transcendent being beyond, of whom they seek knowledge. Jehovah they believe is a creation of Satan[44] and lies about his powers, and so his Bible is not to be trusted.[44]Satan they believe is about freedom as opposed to all the rules and commandments of Christianity.[44] Eating the fruit of the tree also meant that humans could not be immortal, and must make the most of their time on earth.[44]

Self-development is important to Theistic Satanists. This is due to the Satanists' view of Satan, who is seen to encourage individuality and freedom of thought, and the quest to raise one's self up despite resistance, through means such as magic and initiative. They believe Satan wants a more equal relationship with his followers than the Christian God does with his. The main sin as the Christian god and his followers see it is that someone does not bow down to God.[45] Some Satanists seek to remove any means by which they are controlled or repressed by others and follow the herd, and reject authoritarianism.[46]

As Satan in the Old Testament tests people, theistic Satanists may believe that Satan sends them tests in life in order to develop them as an individual. They value taking responsibility for oneself. A dark self-spirituality may raise self esteem and reduce anxiety, guilt and doubt.[43] Despite the emphasis on self-development, Theistic Satanists often feel that there is a will of Satan for the world and for their own lives. They may promise to help bring about the will of Satan, [47] and seek to gain insight about it through prayer, study or magic.[48] In the temptation of Christ in the desert, Satan says that if Jesus worships him, he can give him all the kingdoms of the earth. Satan is known in the Bible as the prince of this world,[49] and Satanists may feel that he can help them meet their needs and desires if they pray or work magic. They would also have to do what they could in everyday life to achieve their goals, however.

Theistic Satanists may try not to project an image that reflects negatively on their religion as a whole and reinforces stereotypes, such as promoting Nazism, abuse or crime.[46] However, some groups believe the emphasis on promoting a good image for Theistic Satanism has led to attempts to dilute and sanitize it. In particular, there is argument over animal sacrifice, with most groups seeing it as both unnecessary and putting Satanism in a bad light, and distancing themselves from the few groups that practice it.[50]

Diversity of viewpoints within Theistic Satanism

The internet has increased awareness of different views among Satanists, and led to more diverse groups, which has led the Church of Satan to assert their authority and legitimacy. But Satanism has always been a pluralistic and decentralised religion.[51] Scholars outside Satanism have sought to study it by categorizing forms of it according to whether they are theistic or atheistic[52] and referred to the worship of Satan as traditional Satanism or theistic Satanism.[1] It is generally a prerequisite to being considered a theistic Satanist that the Satanist accept a theological and metaphysical canon involving one or more God(s) who are either Satan in the strictest, Abrahamic sense, or a concept of Satan that incorporates gods from other religions (usually pre-Christian), such as Ahriman. Some Theistic Satanists believe in Satan as the All, a force filling the universe.[53]The diversity of individual viewpoints within Theistic Satanism, while being a cause for intense debates within the religion, is also often seen as a reflection of Satan, who encourages individualism.[54] Many Theistic Satanists believe their own individualized concept based on pieces of all these diverse views of Satan, according to their inclination and spiritual guidance, rather than only believe in one suggested interpretation.

A notable group that considered themselves to be Traditional Satanists was the Order of Nine Angles. Controversy meant this group were mentioned in the press and books, as they claimed to practice animal sacrifice [55] and agreed with human sacrifice.[56] They also had a right-wing philosophy that attracted notoriety. Similar political views are held by the Joy of Satan, who led to some resignations from the National Socialist Movement when prominent members were discovered to be involved with the Joy of Satan, [57] to the extent of donations from both organizations when those individuals were involved in the NSM, being asked to be sent to the same post office box address and number.[58] The JoS have some idiosycratic beliefs about spiritual entities being extra terrestrials, valuing the work of Zecharia Sitchin. A group with very different political views to the ONA is Satanic Reds, whose Satanism has a Communist element.[59] However they are not Theistic Satanist in the manner of believing in Satan as a god with a personality, but believe in dark deism [60] as does Diane Vera,[61] the belief that Satan is a presence in nature. The First Church of Satan believe the philosophy propounded by Anton LaVey himself was deism or panentheism but is propounded as atheism by the leaders of the Church of Satan in order to distance themselves from what they see as pseudo-Satanists.[62]

Theistic Satanists may respectfully work with demons found in traditional grimoires.

The Cathedral of the Black Goat and Brother Nero are called Christian-based by Diane Vera, who believes no-one follows complete reverse Christianity as it would be impossible.[63] Brother Nero practices what she considers to be the nearest to it. The Cathedral of the Black Goat are Traditional Satanists who follow the Satan of the Bible, but believe the Anti-Christ will succeed, bringing joy to the world and Satanists in particular.[44] Those figures usually seen as good in the bible such as John the Baptist are seen as evil, and to have worked to ensure enslavement [44] Hell is where most people will ultimately arrive, and it is not an unpleasant place. They also revere the Al-Jilwah of the Yezidi.[64]

Some people who identify as Satanists also revere other entities, for instance other demons. Such demons may include those of grimoires such as the Grimorium Verum, or Goetia, [44] or entities such as Lillith. They may believe each person has a guardian or patron demon. Contact with demons in Theistic Satanism is usually in a respectful manner, such as that in demonolatry,[44] rather than commanding them.

Lucifer (in the lower right) shown in a defiant pose.

Luciferian groups such as the Church of Lucifer and the Children of the Black Rose are particularly inspired by Lucifer (from the Latin for "bearer of light"), who they may or may not equate with Satan. While some theologians believe the son of the dawn, Lucifer and other names were actually used to refer to contemporary political figures, such as a Babylonian King, rather than a single spiritual entity,[65][66][67] although on the surface the bible explicitly refers to the King of Babylon, those that believe it refers to Satan infer that by implication it also applies to the fall of Satan.[68] The Church of the Black Goat believe Satan and Lucifer are the same being in his light and dark aspects.[69] Some writers equate the veneration of Set by the Temple of Set theistic Satanism, [1] however the Temple of Set do not identify as Theistic Satanists. They believe the Egyptian deity Set is the real Dark Lord behind the name Satan, of whom Satan is just a caricature. Their practices primarily centre on self-development. In Anton LaVey, founder of the Church of Satan's works, the Black Flame is the inner desires of an individual. Within the temple of Set, the Black Flame is the individual's god-like core which is a kindred spirit to Set, and they seek to develop. In Theistic Satanism, the Black Flame is knowledge which was given to humanity by Satan, who is a being independent of the Satanist himself[70] and which he can dispense to the Satanist who seeks knowledge.[71]

The diversity of views amongst Satanists, and the theistic nature of some Satanists, was seen in a survey in 1995. Some spoke of seeing Satan not as someone dangerous to those who seek or worship him, but as someone that could be approached as a friend. Some refer to him as Father,though some other Theistic Satanists consider that to be confused or excessively subservient.[72] However, referring to Satan as his follower's father occurs in the Bible (John 8:44.) Satan is also portrayed as a father to his daughter, Sin, by Milton in Paradise Lost.

Some groups are mistaken by scholars for Theistic Satanists, such as the First Church of Satan.[71] However, the founder of the FCoS considers what he calls "devil-worship" to often be a symptom of psychosis.[73] Other groups such as the 600 Club,[51] are accepting of all types of Satanist, as are the Sinagogue of Satan, which aims for the ultimate destruction of religions, paradoxically including itself, and encourages not self-indulgence, but self-expression balanced by social responsibility. Another upcoming and pertinant group which has experienced continued growth in Theistic Satanism is the Temples of Satan, ran by a often critical Grand Magister Blackwood, his offline group numbers in the hundreds and his online group at http://www.realsatan.ning.com remains a choice for networking amongst Theistic Satanists Worldwide. 

[74]


Theistic Satanism often involves a religious commitment rather than being simply an occult practice based on dabbling or transient enjoyment of the rituals and magic involved.[75][29] Practitioners may choose to perform a pact or self-dedication rite, although there are arguments over whether it is best to do this at the beginning of their time as a Theistic Satanist, or once they have been practicing for some time.[76]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Sylvan, Robin (2002). Traces of the Spirit: The Religious Dimensions of Popular Music. pp. page 82. Retrieved 2008-06-06. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  3. ^ a b Satanism: The Feared Religion
  4. ^ http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/lewis2.html Who Serves Satan? A Demographic and Ideological Profile
  5. ^ Prayers to Satan
  6. ^ a b Lewis, James R. (2004). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. pp. page 437. Retrieved 2008-05-24. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ OFS Demonolatry
  8. ^ Black Goat Cabal: traditional Satanism
  9. ^ Satanic Reds
  10. ^ Grenz, Stanley J. (2000). Theology for the Community of God. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. page 226. Retrieved 2008-06-06. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  11. ^ "Jewish Encyclopaedia".
  12. ^ In His words | Gainesville.com | The Gainesville Sun | Gainesville, FL
  13. ^ a b [1] book review by Thomas M. Sipos of Flowers From Hell: A Satanic Reader.
  14. ^ http://www.666blacksun.com/Adolf_%2520Hitler.html
  15. ^ Neo-Nazi Satanists??? - Why Satanism and Nazism don't blend well
  16. ^ High Priestess Maxine Dietrich
  17. ^ Behrendt, Stephen C. (1983). The Moment of Explosion: Blake and the Illustration of Milton. U of Nebraska Press. pp. page 437. Retrieved 2008-06-06. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  18. ^ Tuitean, Paul (1998). Pocket Guide to Wicca. The Crossing Press. pp. page 22. Retrieved 2008-06-05. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ a b Battaille, George (1986). Erotism: Death and Sensuality. Translated by Dalwood, Mary. City Lights. pp. page 126. Retrieved 2008-05-21. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  20. ^ John Milton
  21. ^ Sade, Donatien (2006). The Complete Marquis De Sade. Holloway House. pp. page 157-158. Retrieved 2008-05-22. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |translators= ignored (help)
  22. ^ Hayman, Ronald (2003). Marquis de Sade: The Genius of Passion. Tauris Parke. pp. page 30-31. Retrieved 2008-05-21. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); line feed character in |title= at position 21 (help)
  23. ^ Huysmans, Joris-Karl (1972). La Bas. Translated by Keene Wallace. Courier Dover. pp. back cover. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  24. ^ Laver, James (1954). The First Decadent: Being the Strange Life of J.K. Huysmans. Faber and Faber. pp. page 121. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); line feed character in |title= at position 51 (help)
  25. ^ Christiano, Kevin (2001). Sociology of Religion: Contemporary Developments. Rowman Altamira. pp. page 319. Retrieved 2008-06-07. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Aquino, Michael (2002). The Church of Satan., Appendix 7.
  27. ^ Finkelhor, David (1988). Nursery Crimes: Sexual Abuse in Day Care. pp. page 61. Retrieved 2008-05-21. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Yonke, David (2006). Sin, Shame, and Secrets: The Murder of a Nun, the Conviction of a Priest. pp. page 150. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); line feed character in |title= at position 16 (help)
  29. ^ a b Gallagher, Eugene V. (2004). The New Religious Movements Experience in America. pp. page 190. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  30. ^ Dawn Perlmutter and her Institute for the Research of Organized and Ritual Violence
  31. ^ Yonke, David (2006). title=Sin, Shame, and Secrets: The Murder of a Nun, the Conviction of a Priest. pp. page 150. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Missing pipe in: |title= (help)
  32. ^ Satan's Music
  33. ^ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West. pp. page 150. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  34. ^ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West. pp. page 121. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  35. ^ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West. pp. page 122. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  36. ^ a b Smith, Sandra L. (2004). Deceptions And End Time Prophecy. pp. page 121. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  37. ^ Blasphemy, catharsis, and self-initiation
  38. ^ Concerning Spiritual Warfare
  39. ^ Lewis, James R. (2004). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. pp. page 442. Retrieved 2008-05-24. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ Marburg Journal of Religion (June 2001) Lewis, James R
  41. ^ Metzger, Richard (2003). Book of Lies: The Disinformation Guide to Magick and the Occult. The Disinformation Company. pp. page 266. Retrieved 2008-06-05. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ Black Goat Cabal: "Orthodox Traditional" Satanism?
  43. ^ a b Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West. pp. page 228. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h The Devil
  45. ^ Elliot Rose on "Evil"
  46. ^ a b Lewis, James R. (2004). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. pp. page 446-447. Retrieved 2008-05-24. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ Mickaharic, Draja (1995). Practice of Magic: An Introductory Guide to the Art. Weiser. pp. page 62. Retrieved 2008-05-24. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  48. ^ The Eternal Crede of the Masters of Darkness
  49. ^ Ladd, George Eldon (1993). A Theology of the New Testament. pp. page 333. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  50. ^ Animal Sacrifice and the Law
  51. ^ a b Lewis, James R. (2004). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. pp. page 429. Retrieved 2008-05-24. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  52. ^ Gallagher, Eugene V. (2004). The New Religious Movements Experience in America. Greenwood Publishing. pp. page 190. ISBN 0313328072. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  53. ^ Lewis, James R. (2004). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. pp. page 438. Retrieved 2008-05-24. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ Susej, Tsirk (2007). The Demonic Bible. pp. page 11. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  55. ^ Ryan, Nick (2004). Into a World of Hate: A Journey Among the Extreme Right. Routledge. pp. page 437. Retrieved 2008-06-05. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  56. ^ Lewis, James R. (2001). Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion. ABC-CLIO. pp. page 234. ISBN 1576077594. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  57. ^ Roanoke landlord resigns from National Socialist Movement - Roanoke.com
  58. ^ National Socialist Movement: Tensions Lead to Expulsions and Splinter Groups
  59. ^ Lewis, James R. (2001). Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion. ABC-CLIO. pp. page 240. ISBN 1576077594. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  60. ^ Devil Worship
  61. ^ Satanism And Me
  62. ^ Church of Satan Rap Sheet: The Official Site
  63. ^ Cathedral of the Black Goat - Diane Vera's response to Myrmydon, Nero, et al
  64. ^ Brother Nero's Traditional / Theistic Satanism Ministry - Traditional /Theistic Satanism Library Religious Text
  65. ^ Lucifer King Of Babylon
  66. ^ Satan, Devil and Demons - Isaiah 14:12-14
  67. ^ Apologetics Press - Is Satan “Lucifer"?
  68. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Devil
  69. ^ New Page 1
  70. ^ Ford, Michael (2005). Luciferian Witchcraft. pp. page 373. Retrieved 2008-06-05. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  71. ^ a b Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West. pp. page 82. Retrieved 2008-06-05. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  72. ^ Pike, Randall (2007). The Man with Confused Eyes. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  73. ^ Is Devil Worship a Symptom of Psychosis? by High Priest John Allee
  74. ^ Brown, Seth (2004). Think You're the Only One? Oddball Groups Where Outsiders Fit In. Barnes and Noble. pp. page 99-100. ISBN 0760757089. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); line feed character in |title= at position 27 (help)
  75. ^ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2004). The Re-enchantment of the West. pp. page 83. Retrieved 2008-05-12. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  76. ^ Pacts and self-initiation

Further reading

  • Ellis, Bill, Raising the Devil: Satanism, New Religions and the Media (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000).
  • Hertenstein, Mike; Jon Trott, Selling Satan: The Evangelical Media and the Mike Warnke Scandal (Chicago: Cornerstone, 1993).
  • Brown, Seth; Think you're the only one? (Barnes & Noble Books 2004)
  • Medway, Gareth J.; The Lure of the Sinister: The Unnatural History of Satanism (New York and London: New York University Press, 2001).
  • Michelet, Jules, Satanism and Witchcraft: A Study in Medieval Superstition (English translation of 1862 French work).
  • Palermo, George B.; Michele C. Del Re: Satanism: Psychiatric and Legal Views (American Series in Behavioral Science and Law) . Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd (November 1999)
  • Pike, Albert, Morals and Dogma (1871)
  • Richardson, James T.; Joel Best; David G. Bromley, The Satanism Scare (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1991).
  • Karlsson, Thomas (2008). Qabalah, Qliphoth and Goetic Magic. ISBN 0972182012. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Ford, Michael (2005). Luciferian Witchcraft. ISBN 1411626389. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Baddeley, Gavin; Lucifer Rising, A Book of Sin, Devil Worship and Rock 'n' Roll (Plexus Publishing, November 1999)
  • Webb, Don (1999). Uncle Setnakt's Essential Guide to the Left Hand Path. ISBN 1885972105. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Zacharias, Gerhard (1980). The Satanic Cult. ISBN 0041330080. Translated from the German 'Satanskult und Schwarze Messe' by Christine Trollope.
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