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Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent

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Thomas Holland
Earl of Kent
Baron Holand
coat of arms of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent
Earl of Kent
PredecessorThomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent
Born1350[1] or 1354[2]
Upholland, Lancashire, England
Died(1397-04-25)April 25, 1397 (aged around 47)
Arundel Castle, Sussex, England
BuriedBourne Abbey, Lincolnshire
Spouse(s)Alice FitzAlan
IssueAlianore Holland
Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey
Joan Holland
John Holland
Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent
Margaret Holland
Elizabeth Holland
Eleanor Holland
Bridget Holland[1]
FatherThomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent
MotherJoan of Kent

Thomas Holland (also known as de Holland),[1] 2nd Earl of Kent, 3rd Baron Holand KG (1350/1354 – 25 April 1397) was an English nobleman and a councillor of his half-brother, King Richard II of England.

Family and early Life

Thomas Holland (or de Holand)[1] was born in Upholand, Lancashire, in 1350[1][3] or 1354[2][4] (sources differ on his birth year). He was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent".[5] His mother was a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, and Margaret Wake. Edmund was in turn a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France, and thus a younger half-brother of Edward II of England.

His father died in 1360, and later that year, on 28 December, Thomas became Baron Holand.[3] His mother was still Countess of Kent in her own right, and in 1361 she married Edward, the Black Prince, the son of King Edward III.

Military career

At sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine.[6] Over the next decade he fought in various campaigns, including the Battle of Nájera, under the command of his stepfather Edward, the Black Prince. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375.[6]

Richard II became king in 1377, and soon Holland acquired great influence over his younger half-brother, which he used for his own enrichment. In 1381, he succeeded as Earl of Kent.[6]

Later years and death

Prior to his death, Holland was appointed Governor of Carisbrooke Castle.[6] Holland died at Arundel Castle, Sussex, England on 25 April 1397.[1]

Marriage and children

On 10 April 1364 Holland married Lady Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel by his wife Eleanor of Lancaster. Lady Alice was later named as a Lady of the Garter.[1][2] By his wife he had three sons and six daughters. All the sons died without legitimate children, whereupon the daughters and their issue became co-heiresses to the House of Holland. The children were as follows:

Sons

  1. Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, 1st Duke of Surrey (1374 – 7 January 1400), eldest son and heir, created Duke of Surrey. Died without children.
  2. Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (6 January 1384 – 15 September 1408), heir to his elder brother. Died without legitimate children, but had an illegitimate child by his mistress Constance of York.
  3. John Holland, died without children

Daughters

By his daughters' marriages, he became the ancestor of many of the prominent figures in the Wars of the Roses, including Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (father of Kings Edward IV and Richard III), Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII), and Warwick the Kingmaker, father of queen consort Anne Neville. He was also an ancestor of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and last wife of King Henry VIII. His daughters were as follows:

  1. Eleanor I Holland (1373 – October 1405), (who bore the same first name as her younger sister, alias Alianore) married twice:
    1. Firstly to Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (1374–1398), heir presumptive to his mother's first cousin King Richard II (1377–1399). Her only child and sole heiress to the Mortimer claim was Anne Mortimer. Following the deposition of Richard II in 1399 by his own first cousin, the Lancastrian Henry Bolingbroke, (who ruled as King Henry IV (1399–1413)), Anne Mortimer's claim to the throne of England was pursued by her son Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (1411–1460) which drawn-out struggle formed the basis of the Wars of the Roses.
    2. Secondly she married Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton
  2. Joan Holland (c. 1380 –12 April 1434), married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
  3. Margaret Holland (1385 – 31 December 1439), married first John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and second Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence
  4. Elizabeth Holland, who married Sir John Neville (c.1387 – before 20 May 1420), eldest son and heir of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and by him had three sons, Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, John Neville, Baron Neville, and Sir Thomas Neville, and a daughter, Margaret Neville.[7]
  5. Eleanor II Holland (1386 – after 1413), (who bore the same first name as her eldest sister, alias Alianore) married Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury
  6. Bridget Holland, who became a nun[1]

Ancestry

Family of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent
16.
8. Sir Robert de Holland of Upholland
17.
4. Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand
18. William de Samlesbury
9. Elizabeth de Samlesbury
19.
2. Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent
20. Roger La Zouche
10. Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby
21. Ela Longespee
5. Maude la Zouche
22.
11. Eleanor de Segrave
23.
1. Thomas Holland
24. Henry III of England
12. Edward I of England
25. Eleanor of Provence
6. Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
26. Philip III of France
13. Margaret of France
27. Maria of Brabant
3. Joan of Kent
28. Sir Baldwin of Liddell Wake
14. John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell
29. Hawise de Quincy
7. Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake
30. Sir William de Fiennes
15. Joan Fiennes
31. Blanche de Brienne

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Tompsett, Brian. "de Holland, Thomas, Earl of Kent 2nd". Royal Genealogical Data. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  2. ^ a b c Lundy, Darryl. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10292". thePeerage.com. Retrieved 30 October 2011.[unreliable source]
  3. ^ a b Rayment, Leigh. "Peers - H - page 4". Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  4. ^ Western, Peter. "Page - pafg22". Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  5. ^ Western, Peter. "Page - pafg51". Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d Lee, Sidney, ed. (1891). "Holland, Thomas (1350–1397)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 27. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  7. ^ Richardson III 2011, p. 249.
  • Dictionary of National Biography, Vol.27, Ed. Sidney Lee, Smith, Elder & Co., 1851.
Legal offices
Preceded by
John of Foxley
Justice in Eyre
south of Trent

1377–1397
Succeeded by
Peerage of England
Preceded by Earl of Kent
1381–1397
Succeeded by
Baron Holand
1360–1397