Timeline of Douala
Appearance
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Douala, Cameroon.
Prior to 20th century
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- 1845 - Alfred Saker arrives in Douala.
- 1849 - Native Baptist Church of Douala built.
- 1859 (July 8) - Arrangement Anglo-douala signed.
- 1868 - The company Woermann-Linie in Cameroon
- 1881 - The company Woermann-Linie receives the authorization to build a factory (trading post) in Deido.
- 1884 - Germans in power (the treaty between the Douala and Germans is signed; Cameroon becomes a German protectorate.
- 1885 - Construction (1885-1890) of a prefabricate iron house for King Ndumbe Lobe.
- 1886 - The Protestant Mission of Basel takes the place of the Mission of London.
- 1887 (February) - Construction of the postoffice.
- 1888
- (March) - Construction of a school in Joss (directed by Théodor Christaller arrived in Cameroon in 1887).
- Construction of a brickyard (before, building materials were imported by Germans from Hamburg).
- Fracture between the Protestant Mission of Basel and the "Natives". Construction of a new church by the natives and led by Josua Dibundu.
- 1890 - First documented plan of the city, Deutsches Kolonial Blatt.
- 1891 - German government headquarters built.
- 1893 - Revolt of the German troops composed of former slaves of Dahomey enrolled in the German army to pay back their liberation.
- 1896 - General Hospital built.
- The German Baptists Missioners of Berlin arrive in Cameroon.
20th century
- 1901 - Kamerunstadt renamed "Douala."[1]
- 1905 - Palace of the Kings Bell built.
- 1906 - Mwendi Ma Musango Baptist newspaper begins publication.[2]
- 1907
- Capital of German Cameroon relocated from Douala to Buea.[3]
- 1908 - Elolombe Ya Cameroun Protestant newspaper begins publication.[2]
- 1909 - The railway line Bonaberi-Nkongsamba (160 km) is inaugurated.
- 1910
- Villa Mandessi Bell (residence) built.
- Robbery from Deutsch Westafrikanische Bank.[4]
- Population: 22,000.[5]
- 1911 - The railway line Douala-Edea is inaugurated
- 1913
- 1914
- 1917 (February) Louis-Ferdinand Céline is hospitalized in Douala.
- 1919 - Town becomes part of French Cameroun.
- 1921 - Capital of French Cameroun relocated from Douala to Yaounde.[4]
- 1927 - Oryx Douala football club formed.
- 1928 - Chamber of Commerce building constructed.
- 1930 - Mbale newspaper begins publication.[2]
- 1931
- Palace of Justice built.
- Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Douala established.
- 1936 - Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Douala built.
- 1941 - Radio Douala begins broadcasting.[2]
- 1944 - Population: 37,751.[4]
- 1945 - Riots.[9]
- 1948 - Brasseries du Cameroun in business.
- 1949
- 1954 - Bonaberi Bridge built.
- 1955
- 1956 - Population: 124,703.[4]
- 1957 - Union Douala football club formed.
- 1958 - Stade Akwa built.
- 1959 - 31 December: Unrest.[13][14]
- 1960 - 1 January: City becomes part of the Republic of Cameroon.[13]
- 1963 - Centre Culturel Americain active.[15]
- 1964 - Centre Culturel Francais active.[15]
- 1965 - Pan African Institute for Development regional headquarters established in Douala.[16]
- 1972
- Stade de la Réunification built.
- February–March: City hosts 1972 African Cup of Nations.
- 1974
- Commune Urbaine de Douala (urban council) established.[17]
- Cameroon Tribune newspaper begins publication.
- 1978 - American School founded.[18]
- 1979 - Le Messager newspaper begins publication.[19]
- 1986 - Maritime Museum founded.[citation needed]
- 1987 - fr created.[17]
- 1990 - Population: 931,000 (urban agglomeration).[20]
- 1991
- 1992 - Commune Urbaine d`Arrondissement Douala V created.[17]
- 1993 - University of Douala founded.[23]
- 1997 - Commercial Bank Cameroon and Commercial Bank Group headquartered in city.
- 1999 - Festival International de Voix de Femmes begins (women's fest).[24]
21st century
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- 2000 - Population: 1,432,000 (urban agglomeration).[20]
- 2001 - Douala Stock Exchange and Accueil Femmes Francophones de Douala founded.[25]
- 2002
- World Bank Douala Infrastructure Project launched.[26]
- Astres Football Club formed.
- 2004 - March: Taxi strike.[27]
- 2005
- City website online (approximate date).[28][chronology citation needed]
- Art biennale begins.[citation needed]
- Population: 1,907,479.[29]
- 2007
- Salon Urbain de Douala (art fair) begins.[30]
- 5 May: Airplane crash near city.
- 2008
- February: Anti-government protest.[31]
- City becomes capital of Littoral Region (Cameroon).
- 2010 - Drinking water shortage.[32]
See also
References
- ^ Derrick 1980.
- ^ a b c d e Muluh Henry; Ndoh Bertha (2002), "Evolution of the Media in Cameroon", in Festus Eribo; Enoh Tanjong (eds.), Journalism and mass communication in Africa: Cameroon, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Lexington Books, ISBN 0739103776
- ^ Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon 1920.
- ^ a b c d e f Ralph A. Austen; Jonathan Derrick (1999), Middlemen of the Cameroons Rivers: the Duala and their hinterland, c.1600-c.1960, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521562287
- ^ "Cameroon", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
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- ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
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- ^ Joseph 1974.
- ^ Meredith Terretta (2013). Petitioning for Our Rights, Fighting for Our Nation: The History of the Democratic Union of Cameroonian Women, 1949-1960. Bamenda: Langaa. ISBN 9789956728053.
- ^ "L'Effort Camerounais in Brief". Douala: National Bishop's Conference of Cameroon. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ "Cameroon: News". Africa South of the Sahara. USA: Stanford University. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ a b Victor T. Le Vine (1968). "The Trauma of Independence in French-Speaking Africa". Journal of Developing Areas. 2. JSTOR 4189457.
- ^ "Terrorists Raid Cameroons Port", New York Times, 1 January 1960
- ^ a b World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
- ^ "IPD-AC". Institut Panafricain pour le Développement Afrique Centrale. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ a b c "Historique" (in French). Ville de Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ "About Us". American School of Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ "Douala (Cameroon) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ a b "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010.
- ^ "Strike Aims to Bleed Cameroon's Economy to Force President's Fall". New York Times. 5 August 1991.
- ^ "Doual'art". Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ "Presentation generale de l'Université de Douala" (in French). L'Université de Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ "Historique du festival" (in French). Massao. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ "Accueil Femmes Francophones de Douala" (in French). Fédération Internationale des Accueils Français et francophones à l'Etranger. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^ "Cameroon - Douala Infrastructure Project". Washington, DC: World Bank. 2010.
- ^ Piet Konings (2011). Politics of Neoliberal Reforms in Africa: State and Civil Society in Cameroon. Langaa. ISBN 995671741X.
- ^ "Site officiel de la Communauté Urbaine de Douala" (in French). Archived from the original on June 2005 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
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(help) - ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ^ "Public Art and Urban Change in Douala". Domus. 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- ^ Mark D. DeLancey; et al. (2010), Historical dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (4th ed.), Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810858244
- ^ Fanny Pigeaud (2011). "Cameroon". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 211–220. ISBN 90-04-20556-X.
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This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- D. Gardinier (1969). "Urban Politics in Douala, Cameroun". African Urban Notes. 4.
- Joyce Sween; Remi Clignet (1969). "Urban Unemployment as a Determinant of Political Unrest: The Case Study of Douala, Cameroon". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 3.
- Remi Clignet; Frank Jordan (1971). "Urbanization and Social Differentiation in Africa: A Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Structures of Douala and Yaoundé". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 11.
- Richard A. Joseph (1974). "Settlers, Strikers and Sans-Travail: The Douala Riots of September 1945". Journal of African History. 15. JSTOR 180996.
- Jonathan Derrick (1980). "The 'Germanophone' Elite of Douala under the French Mandate". Journal of African History. 21. JSTOR 182138.
- Lynn Schler (2002). "Looking through a Glass of Beer: Alcohol in the Cultural Spaces of Colonial Douala, 1910-1945". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 35. JSTOR 3097616.
- Lynn Schler (2003). "Ambiguous Spaces: The Struggle over African Identities and Urban Communities in Colonial Douala, 1914-45". Journal of African History. 44.
- Lynn Schler (2003). "Bridewealth, Guns and Other Status Symbols: Immigration and Consumption in Colonial Douala". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 16.
- Poverty and Urban Mobility in Douala, World Bank, 2004
- Abdou Maliqalim Simone (2004), "The Spectral: Assembling Douala, Cameroon", For the City Yet to Come: Changing African Life in Four Cities, Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822334347
- Lynn Schler (2005). "History, the Nation-State, and Alternative Narratives: An Example from Colonial Douala". African Studies Review. 48.
- Lucia Babina and Marilyn Douala Bell, ed. (2007). Douala in Translation: A View of the City and its Creative Transformative Potentials. Rotterdam: Episode.
- Marta Dorenda-Zaborowicz (2011). "Douala: A City of Lost Hopes? Consequences of Decolonisation in Africa Versus Sustainable Development". Problemy Ekorozwoju - Problems of Sustainable Development. 6.
- Michaela Alejandra Oberhofer (2012), "Fashioning African Cities: The Case of Johannesburg, Lagos and Douala", Streetnotes, no. 20, ISSN 2159-2926 – via California Digital Library
in French
- R. Gouellain (1975). Douala: Ville et Histoire (in French). Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, Musee de l'Homme.
- Adrien Bitond (2012). "Les foyers socioculturels a Douala, 'villages en ville' ou espaces publics de proximite?". In Thomas Atenga, Georges Madib (ed.). La communication au Cameroun (in French). Archives contemporaines. ISBN 9782813000927.
- "Douala". Cameroun. Le Petit Futé (in French). 2012.
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in German
- Ernst Vollbehr (1912), "Duala", Mit Pinsel und Palette durch Kamerun (in German), Leipzig: List & von Bressensdorf, OCLC 9352214
{{citation}}
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{{cite book}}
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External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Douala.
- "(Articles related to Douala)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Douala, various dates
- University of Southern California. Old photos of Douala, various dates
- "(Items related to Douala)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library.