Timeline of Douala

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Douala, Cameroon.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 20th century

  • 1845 - Alfred Saker arrives in Douala.
  • 1849 - Native Baptist Church of Douala built.
  • 1859 (July 8) - Arrangement Anglo-douala signed.
  • 1868 - The company Woermann-Linie in Cameroon
  • 1881 - The company Woermann-Linie receives the authorization to build a factory (trading post) in Deido.
  • 1884 - Germans in power (the treaty between the Douala and Germans is signed; Cameroon becomes a German protectorate.
  • 1885 - Construction (1885-1890) of a prefabricate iron house for King Ndumbe Lobe.
  • 1886 - The Protestant Mission of Basel takes the place of the Mission of London.
  • 1887 (February) - Construction of the postoffice.
  • 1888
    • (March) - Construction of a school in Joss (directed by Théodor Christaller arrived in Cameroon in 1887).
    • Construction of a brickyard (before, building materials were imported by Germans from Hamburg).
    • Fracture between the Protestant Mission of Basel and the "Natives". Construction of a new church by the natives and led by Josua Dibundu.
  • 1890 - First documented plan of the city, Deutsches Kolonial Blatt.
  • 1891 - German government headquarters built.
  • 1893 - Revolt of the German troops composed of former slaves of Dahomey enrolled in the German army to pay back their liberation.
  • 1896 - General Hospital built.
  • The German Baptists Missioners of Berlin arrive in Cameroon.

20th century

21st century

See also

References

  1. ^ Derrick 1980.
  2. ^ a b c d e Muluh Henry; Ndoh Bertha (2002), "Evolution of the Media in Cameroon", in Festus Eribo; Enoh Tanjong (eds.), Journalism and mass communication in Africa: Cameroon, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Lexington Books, ISBN 0739103776
  3. ^ Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon 1920.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Ralph A. Austen; Jonathan Derrick (1999), Middlemen of the Cameroons Rivers: the Duala and their hinterland, c.1600-c.1960, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521562287
  5. ^ "Cameroon", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Paul G. Halpern (1994), A naval history of World War I, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, ISBN 0870212664
  7. ^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Schler 2002.
  9. ^ Joseph 1974.
  10. ^ Meredith Terretta (2013). Petitioning for Our Rights, Fighting for Our Nation: The History of the Democratic Union of Cameroonian Women, 1949-1960. Bamenda: Langaa. ISBN 9789956728053.
  11. ^ "L'Effort Camerounais in Brief". Douala: National Bishop's Conference of Cameroon. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  12. ^ "Cameroon: News". Africa South of the Sahara. USA: Stanford University. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  13. ^ a b Victor T. Le Vine (1968). "The Trauma of Independence in French-Speaking Africa". Journal of Developing Areas. 2. JSTOR 4189457.
  14. ^ "Terrorists Raid Cameroons Port", New York Times, 1 January 1960
  15. ^ a b World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
  16. ^ "IPD-AC". Institut Panafricain pour le Développement Afrique Centrale. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  17. ^ a b c "Historique" (in French). Ville de Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  18. ^ "About Us". American School of Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  19. ^ "Douala (Cameroon) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  20. ^ a b "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010.
  21. ^ "Strike Aims to Bleed Cameroon's Economy to Force President's Fall". New York Times. 5 August 1991.
  22. ^ "Doual'art". Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  23. ^ "Presentation generale de l'Université de Douala" (in French). L'Université de Douala. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  24. ^ "Historique du festival" (in French). Massao. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  25. ^ "Accueil Femmes Francophones de Douala" (in French). Fédération Internationale des Accueils Français et francophones à l'Etranger. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  26. ^ "Cameroon - Douala Infrastructure Project". Washington, DC: World Bank. 2010.
  27. ^ Piet Konings (2011). Politics of Neoliberal Reforms in Africa: State and Civil Society in Cameroon. Langaa. ISBN 995671741X.
  28. ^ "Site officiel de la Communauté Urbaine de Douala" (in French). Archived from the original on June 2005 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)
  29. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
  30. ^ "Public Art and Urban Change in Douala". Domus. 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  31. ^ Mark D. DeLancey; et al. (2010), Historical dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (4th ed.), Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810858244
  32. ^ Fanny Pigeaud (2011). "Cameroon". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 211–220. ISBN 90-04-20556-X. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia and the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

  • D. Gardinier (1969). "Urban Politics in Douala, Cameroun". African Urban Notes. 4.
  • Joyce Sween; Remi Clignet (1969). "Urban Unemployment as a Determinant of Political Unrest: The Case Study of Douala, Cameroon". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 3.
  • Remi Clignet; Frank Jordan (1971). "Urbanization and Social Differentiation in Africa: A Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Structures of Douala and Yaoundé". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 11.
  • Richard A. Joseph (1974). "Settlers, Strikers and Sans-Travail: The Douala Riots of September 1945". Journal of African History. 15. JSTOR 180996.
  • Jonathan Derrick (1980). "The 'Germanophone' Elite of Douala under the French Mandate". Journal of African History. 21. JSTOR 182138.
  • Lynn Schler (2002). "Looking through a Glass of Beer: Alcohol in the Cultural Spaces of Colonial Douala, 1910-1945". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 35. JSTOR 3097616.
  • Lynn Schler (2003). "Ambiguous Spaces: The Struggle over African Identities and Urban Communities in Colonial Douala, 1914-45". Journal of African History. 44.
  • Lynn Schler (2003). "Bridewealth, Guns and Other Status Symbols: Immigration and Consumption in Colonial Douala". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 16.
  • Poverty and Urban Mobility in Douala, World Bank, 2004
  • Abdou Maliqalim Simone (2004), "The Spectral: Assembling Douala, Cameroon", For the City Yet to Come: Changing African Life in Four Cities, Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822334347
  • Lynn Schler (2005). "History, the Nation-State, and Alternative Narratives: An Example from Colonial Douala". African Studies Review. 48.
  • Lucia Babina and Marilyn Douala Bell, ed. (2007). Douala in Translation: A View of the City and its Creative Transformative Potentials. Rotterdam: Episode.
  • Marta Dorenda-Zaborowicz (2011). "Douala: A City of Lost Hopes? Consequences of Decolonisation in Africa Versus Sustainable Development". Problemy Ekorozwoju - Problems of Sustainable Development. 6.
  • Michaela Alejandra Oberhofer (2012), "Fashioning African Cities: The Case of Johannesburg, Lagos and Douala", Streetnotes, no. 20, ISSN 2159-2926 – via California Digital Library

in French

  • R. Gouellain (1975). Douala: Ville et Histoire (in French). Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, Musee de l'Homme.
  • Adrien Bitond (2012). "Les foyers socioculturels a Douala, 'villages en ville' ou espaces publics de proximite?". In Thomas Atenga, Georges Madib (ed.). La communication au Cameroun (in French). Archives contemporaines. ISBN 9782813000927.
  • "Douala". Cameroun. Le Petit Futé (in French). 2012. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

in German

  • Ernst Vollbehr (1912), "Duala", Mit Pinsel und Palette durch Kamerun (in German), Leipzig: List & von Bressensdorf, OCLC 9352214 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  • "Duala". Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon (in German). Leipzig: Quelle & Meyer. 1920. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  • Andreas Eckert (1999). Grundbesitz, Landkonflikte und kolonialer Wandel: Douala 1880 bis 1960 (in German). Stuttgart: Steiner.

External links

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