Tom Segev

Tom Segev
Born	(1945-03-01) March 1, 1945 Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine
Occupation(s)	Journalist, historian

Tom Segev (Hebrew: תום שגב; born March 1, 1945) is an Israeli historian, author and journalist. He is associated with Israel's New Historians, a group challenging many of the country's traditional narratives.

Biography

Tom Segev was born in Jerusalem to parents who had fled Nazi Germany in 1933. He earned a BA in history and political science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a PhD in history from Boston University in the 1970s.

Journalism career

Segev worked during the 1970s as a correspondent for Maariv in Bonn. He was a visiting professor at Rutgers University (2001–2002), the University of California at Berkeley (2007) and Northeastern University, where he taught a course on Holocaust denial. He writes a weekly column for the newspaper Haaretz. His books have appeared in fourteen languages.

In The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust (1993), Segev explores the decisive impact of the Holocaust on the identity, ideology and politics of Israel. Although controversial, it was praised by Elie Wiesel in the Los Angeles Times Book Review.

In One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, a New York Times Editor's Choice Best Book (2000) and a recipient of the National Jewish Book Award, Segev describes the era of the British Mandate in Palestine (1917–1948).

Segev's history of the social and political background of the Six-Day War, 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East (2006) states that there was no existential threat to Israel from a military point of view. Segev also doubts that the Arab neighbours would have really attacked Israel. Still, large segments of the Israeli population had a real fear that the Egyptians and Syrians would eliminate them. That would have increased the pressure for the Israeli government in such a way that it opted for a pre-emptive attack. The attack by the Jordanian army to West Jerusalem would have provided a welcoming reason to invade East Jerusalem, according to Segev. Even though the occupation of East Jerusalem was not politically planned, the author considers that it was always desired.

In February 2018 Segev published a biography of David Ben-Gurion.

Praise and criticism

The book "Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East" has been described by the historian Saul Friedländer as "probably the best book on those most fateful days in the history of Israel".

Ethan Bronner in The New York Times Book Review wrote: "It does not tell the whole story of the war, barely focusing on Arab activity... What interests Mr. Segev is Israel: its moods, debates, generation gaps and anxieties" and that "You need not agree with Mr. Segev’s conclusions on how things could have been done differently to benefit from his research and narrative. If you plan to read only one book on the 1967 war, this is not it. It is too narrowly focused. At the same time Mr. Segev makes a compelling and fresh case that the war was at least partly a result of a delicate and vulnerable moment in Israeli history" and that Segev's exploration "is — while too long — persuasive and engaging".

L. Carl Brown wrote in Foreign Affairs "The author of One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate has written another masterful history" in a review of Segev's book 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East.

Writing in International Socialist Review (a paper "dedicated to advancing socialist theory and practice"), Hadas Thier found the 688-page book "at times a tediously detailed read with thin analysis" but called it "an indispensable contribution". He summarised the book by saying "His focus on Israeli archival material should leave no trace of doubt that Israeli leaders knew that the war was not a defensive necessity, that it would be easily won, and that it was fought on the basis of cynical and strategic considerations of the state."

For The Washington Post Book World, Michael Oren, an Israeli historian, diplomat, politician, and author of Six Days of War, gave Segev's 1967 a scathing review, writing, "Laboring to prove his point forces Segev not only to contradict himself but also to commit glaring oversights." He also says that "by disregarding the Arab dynamic and twisting his text to meet a revisionist agenda, he undermines his attempt to reach a deeper understanding of the war. Such an understanding is vital if Arabs and Israelis are to avoid similar clashes in the future and peacefully co-exist." (In an interview in the online magazine Salon, Oren subsequently said of Segev (who has a doctorate in history) "[He] is a journalist. He's not really a trained historian.")

Benny Morris also criticized 1967 in a review in The New Republic. Morris writes that he is open to historical revisionism but that Segev's central argument about Israel's internal condition leading up to the war "is essentially false." He adds: "For Segev, Arab politics and Arab society have no bearing upon the proper understanding of the origins of the war. ... [H]is book points readers and scholars in no worthwhile direction. Its argument is not merely wrong; it also makes a small contribution of its own to the contemporary delegitimation of Israel."

Historian Efraim Karsh was severely critical of A State at Any Cost, dismissing it as a "polemical" effort grounded in the misquotation of sources and accusing Segev of "ignoring" facts in favor of using "statements that are either taken out of context or simply distorted or misrepresented." Segev, for example, misquotes David Ben-Gurion as having written on 8 May 1948, "Should the Arabs be expelled," when what Ben-Gurion actually wrote in a discussion of Arabs who had taken up arms and were actively fighting as "“Should Arabs be expelled?”, referring not to Arabs in general but to Arabs actively in arms.

Published works

• 1949: The First Israelis (Hebrew: 1984, ISBN 965-261-040-2; English: 1998, ISBN 0-8050-5896-6)
• Soldiers of Evil: The Commandants of the Nazi Concentration Camps (1988, ISBN 0-07-056058-7)
• One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate (2000, ISBN 0-316-64859-0)
• The Seventh Million: Israelis and the Holocaust (2000, ISBN 0-8050-6660-8)
• Elvis in Jerusalem: Post-Zionism and the Americanization of Israel (2003, ISBN 0-8050-7288-8)
• Israel in 1967. And the land changed its visage (Hebrew: 2005, ISBN 965-07-1370-0)
• 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East, Metropolitan Books (2006)
• Simon Wiesenthal: The Life and Legends, Jonathan Cape (2010)
• A State at Any Cost - The Life of David Ben-Gurion (Hebrew and German: 2018; English: 2019)

Further reading

• Israel & Palestine: Eternal Enmity? by Segev from The New York Review of Books