Trichomycterus
| Trichomycterus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Trichomycterus areolatus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
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| Order: | |
| Family: | |
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| Genus: | Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832
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| Type species | |
| Trichomycterus nigricans Valenciennes, 1832
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Trichomycterus is the largest genus of pencil catfish, with over 160 species currently described. This genus is native to Central and South America.
Taxonomy
This genus is defined by the lack of specializations found in other trichomycterids and is certainly polyphyletic.[1][2] Although known to contain many species, Trichomycterus is poorly known with many of the known species based on brief descriptions.[1] Many species have been described recently and many more are waiting to be described.[3]
Some authors have tentatively defined putative monophyletic assemblages within the genus Trichomycterus based on the possession of unique morphological features.[1] The T. brasiliensis species-complex includes T. brasiliensis, T. iheringi, T. maracaya, T. mimonha, T. potschi, T. vermiculatus, T. pirabitira and several undescribed species apparently endemic to the main river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[4] However, an assemblage of species from south and southeastern Brazil is also supported that includes T. guaraquessaba, T. iheringi, T. nigricans, T. davisi, T. stawiarski, T. castroi, T. triguttatum, T. immaculatus, T. itatiayae, T. mirissumba, T. zonatus, T. naipi, T. taboba, T. papilliferus, T. mboycy, and T. plumbeus.[2] T. aguarague, T. alterus, T. boylei, T. ramosus, and T. belensis also form a diagnosable species assemblage.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Species of Trichomycterus inhabit a diversity of habitats throughout South and Central America from Costa Rica in the north to Patagonia in the south, and from lowland Atlantic rainforest in the east to Andean streams in the west.[5] A number of species of Trichomycterus are known from various mid- to high-elevation localities in western Argentina; in these upland regions the species of Trichomycterus are among the few, or sometimes only, fishes occupying water bodies at middle to higher elevations.[6] About 60 nominal species are endemic to the river basins draining the Andes and hills of the Guianan Shield, and about 30 species are endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[7]
Despite the broad distribution of the genus, most species have limited distributions, and usually are restricted to only one river.[8] Wide-ranging species are most likely complexes of species that are difficult to differentiate, such as the T. brasiliensis species-complex.[4] Trichomycterus gorgona, from a small stream on Gorgona Island located west of the Pacific coast of Colombia, is the first known trichomycterid to be endemic to an offshore island.[9]
Six troglobitic species are in the genus Trichomycterus: Trichomycterus chaberti, T. itacarambiensis, T. santanderensis, T. spelaeus, and T. uisae.[10]
Description
These fish are generally small, usually about 50–150 millimetres (2–6 in) SL.[1] Species differ from one another primarily in body proportions, fin ray counts, and colouration.[5]
Species
There are currently 165 recognized species in this genus:
References
- ^ a b c d e "Trichomycterus pauciradiatus, a new catfish species from the upper rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1269: 43–49. 2006.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b c d Wosiacki, W.B. (2005). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from south Brazil and redescription of T. iheringi (Eigenmann)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1040: 49–64.
- ^ a b "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from lagoa Feia drainage, southeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 6 (3): 315–322. 2008. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252008000300004.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b c "Trichomycterus maracaya, a new catfish from the upper rio Paraná, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with notes on the T. brasiliensis species-complex" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 2 (2): 61–74. 2004. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252004000200003.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b c d "A New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Aguarague National Park of the Bolivian Preandean Region, with Comments on Relationships within of the Genus". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 75 (4): 385–393. 2006. doi:10.1007/s10641-005-5065-4.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b "New Species of Trichomycterus from Midelevation Localities of Northwestern Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Copeia. 2004 (4): 876–882. 2004. doi:10.1643/ci-04-094r1.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b c "Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 744: 1–8. 2004.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b "Trichomycterus giganteus (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the Rio Guandu basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 761: 1–6. 2004.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b "New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an Offshore Island of Colombia". Copeia. 2005 (1): 68–76. 2005. doi:10.1643/ci-04-177r1.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b "Trichomycterus uisae: a new species of hypogean catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the northeastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia". Neotropical Ichthyology. 6 (3): 307–314. 2008. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252008000300003.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Dutra G.M., Wosiacki W.B., de Pinna M.C.C. (2012). "Trichomycterus anhanga, a new species of miniature catfish related to T. hasemani and T. johnsoni (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Amazon basin, Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 10 (2): 225–231. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252012000200001.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lezama A.Q., Triques M.L., Santos P.S. (2012). "Trichomycterus argos (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species from the Doce River Basin, Eastern Brazil". Zootaxa. 3352: 60–68.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Ferrer J., Malabarba L.R. (2013). "Taxonomic review of the genus Trichomycterus Valenciennes (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the laguna dos Patos system, Southern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (2): 217–246. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000200001.
- ^ "New Species of Trichomycterus from the Andes of Argentina with a Redescription of Trichomycterus alterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Copeia. 2002 (3): 739–747. 2002. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0739:nsotft]2.0.co;2.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Lacking a Pelvic Fin and Girdle from the Andes of Argentina". Copeia. 2000 (4): 990–996. 2000. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0990:nsotts]2.0.co;2.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Wosiacki, W.B. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2008). "A New Species of the Neotropical Catfish Genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Representing a New Body Shape for the Family". Copeia. 2008 (2): 273–278. doi:10.1643/ci-06-237.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Katz A.M., Barbosa M.A. (2014). "Re-description of Trichomycterus cubataonis Bizerril, 1994 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Cubatão river basin, southern Brazil". Vertebrate Zoology. 64 (1): 3–8.
- ^ a b Barbosa M.A. (2013). "Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the coastal river basins, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 63 (3): 269–275.
- ^ Wosiacki, W.B. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2008). "Trichomycterus igobi, a new catfish species from the rio Iguaçu drainage: the largest head in Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 6 (1): 17–23. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252008000100003.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Ribeira de Iguape Basin, Southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 3 (4): 465–472. 2005. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252005000400003.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Barbosa M.A., Costa W.J.E.M. (2012). "Trichomycterus macrophthalmus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the Paraíba do Sul river basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 62 (1): 79–82.
- ^ a b c d e "Five new species of Trichomycterus from the rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná Basin), southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters. 15 (1): 1–16. 2004.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Fernández, L. & Chuquihuamaní, R.Q. (2007). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Andean Cordillera of Perú, with comments on relationships within the genus" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1545: 49–57.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Fernández L., Vari R.P. (2012). "New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the Andean Cordillera of Argentina and the Second Record of the Genus in Thermal Waters". Copeia. 2012 (4): 631–636. doi:10.1643/ci-12-035.
- ^ Ardila Rodriguez, C.A. (2011): Trichomycterus ocanaensis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) una nueva especie de pez del Río Tejo, cuenca alta del Río Catatumbo. Peces del Departamento de Santander – Colombia. No. 1. 16 pp.
- ^ Datovo A., Carvalho M., Ferrer J. (2012). "A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the La Plata River basin, southern Brazil, with comments on its putative phylogenetic position (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Zootaxa. 3327: 33–44.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Barbosa M.A., Azevedo-Santos V.M. (2012). "A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 62 (3): 357–362.
- ^ a b Katz A.M., Barbosa M.A., Costa W.J.E.M. (2013). "Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the Paraná river basin, southeastern Brazil (Teleostei: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 23 (4): 359–366.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Trichomycterus potschi (Siluriformes: Loricarioidei): a new trichomycterid catfish from coastal streams of southeastern Brazil". Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters. 14 (3): 281–287. 2003.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Barbosa M.A., Costa W.J.E.M. (2012). "Trichomycterus puriventris (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 62 (2): 155–160.
- ^ Bichuette M.E., Pereira Rizzato P. (2012). "A new species of cave catfish from Brazil, Trichomycterus rubbioli sp.n., from Serra do Ramalho karstic area, São Francisco River basin, Bahia State (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae)". Zootaxa. 3480: 48–66.
- ^ "Trichomycterus santanderensis: A new species of troglomorphic catfish (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from Colombia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1541: 49–55. 2007.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ DoNascimiento, C., Prada-Pedreros, S. & Guerrero-Kommritz, J. (2014). "A new catfish species of the genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the río Orinoco versant of Páramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 12 (4): 717–728. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140005.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Fernandez, L. & Miranda, G. (2007). "A catfish of the genus Trichomycterus from a thermal stream in southern South America (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with comments on relationships within the genus". Journal of Fish Biology. 71 (5): 1303–1316. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01589.x.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 592: 1–12. 2004.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Ferrer, J. & Malabarba, L.R. (2011). "A new Trichomycterus lacking pelvic fins and pelvic girdle with a very restricted range in Southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2912: 59–67.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Trichomycterus yuska, a new species from high elevations of Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters. 14 (4): 353–360. 2003.
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