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This article concerns the dissolved NCAA Division I-A conference. For other uses, see Big Eight Conference (disambiguation).
Big Eight Conference
FormerlyMissouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1907–1964)
Big Six Conference (1928–1948, unofficial)
Big Seven Conference (1948–1957, unofficial)
Big Eight Conference (1957–1964, unofficial)
ConferenceNCAA
Founded1907
Ceased1996
CommissionerCarl C. James (final) 1980–1996
Sports fielded
  • 21[1]
    • men's: 11
    • women's: 10
DivisionDivision I
No. of teams8 (final), 12 (total)
HeadquartersKansas City, Missouri
RegionMidwestern United States, Mountain States, West South Central States
Official websitehttp://bigeightsports.com
Locations
Location of teams in {{{title}}}

The Big Eight Conference, a former NCAA-affiliated Division I-A college athletic association that sponsored football, was formed in January 1907 as the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA)[2] by its charter member schools: the University of Kansas, University of Missouri,[2] University of Nebraska, and Washington University in St. Louis. Additionally, the University of Iowa was a joint member of the newly formed MVIAA and the older Western Conference (now the Big Ten Conference).

The Big Eight dissolved in 1996, when its members joined the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The Big Eight's headquarters were in Kansas City, Missouri. Although Kansas City wanted to be the home for the headquarters of the new conference, the member schools voted, 7–5, to establish the conference headquarters in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. (The four Texas schools plus Colorado, Oklahoma, and Oklahoma State voted for Irving, while Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Missouri, and Nebraska voted for Kansas City.[3])

History

[edit]

Formation

[edit]
Locations of the Founding members of the MVIAA

The conference was founded as the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA) at a meeting on January 12, 1907, by five charter members: the University of Kansas, the University of Missouri, the University of Nebraska, Washington University in St. Louis. The University of Iowa who was also a member of the Western Conference (now the Big Ten Conference) was also a joint member of the conference. Iowa only participated in football and outdoor Men's track and field.[4]

Early membership changes

[edit]
Big Eight Conference Members from 1918 to 1919
Big Eight Conference Members from 1920 to 1921

In 1908, Drake University and Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) joined the MVIAA, increasing the conferences membership to seven. Iowa who was a joint member departed in 1911 to only compete in the Western Conference, but Kansas State University joined the conference in 1913. Nebraska left in 1918 to play as an independent for two seasons before returning in 1921. In 1919, the University of Oklahoma and Saint Louis University applied for membership, but were disapproved due to deficient management of their athletic programs.[5] The conference then added Grinnell College in 1919, with the University of Oklahoma applying again and being approved in 1920. Oklahoma A&M University (now Oklahoma State University) joined in 1925, bringing conference membership to ten, an all-time high.[6]

Conference split

[edit]

The year 1928 proved to be a pivotal one as the conference split up. At a meeting in Lincoln, Nebraska, on May 19, 1928, six of the seven state schools (excluding Oklahoma A&M) organized a separate conference. Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma claimed the MVIAA name but thereafter became known informally to fans and the media as the Big Six Conference,[2] while the smaller schools of Drake, Grinnell, and Washington University joined with Oklahoma A&M, becoming known as the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC).[7] The similarity of the two conferences' official names, as well as the competing claims of the two conferences, led to considerable debate over which conference was the original and which was the spin-off. For the remainder of the Big Eight's run, both conferences claimed 1907 as their founding date, as well as the same history through 1927.

Conference membership grew with the addition of the University of Colorado on December 1, 1947, from the Mountain States Conference.[8] Later that month, Reaves E. Peters was hired as "Commissioner of Officials and Assistant Secretary" and set up the first conference offices in Kansas City, Missouri. With the addition of Colorado, the conference's unofficial name became the Big Seven Conference, coincidentally, the former unofficial name of the MSC.

The final membership change happened ten years later, when Oklahoma A&M, now known as Oklahoma State University, rejoined the conference on June 1, 1957,[9] and the conference became known as the Big Eight. That same year, Peters' title was changed to "Executive Secretary" of the conference. He retired in June 1963 and was replaced by Wayne Duke, whose title was later changed to "Commissioner."

In 1964, the conference legally assumed the name "Big Eight Conference." In 1968 the conference began a long association with the Orange Bowl, sending its champion annually to play in the prestigious bowl game in Miami, Florida.

Formation of the Big 12 Conference

[edit]
Locations of the Big Eight Conference and Southwest Conference members who joined the Big 12 Conference
Main article: Big 12 Conference

In the early 1990s, most of the colleges in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), then known as Division I-A, were members of the College Football Association; this included members of the Big Eight and Southwest Conferences. Following a Supreme Court decision in 1984, the primary function of the CFA was to negotiate television broadcast rights for its member conferences and independent colleges. In February 1994, the Southeastern Conference announced that they, like the Big Ten, Pac-10, and Notre Dame before them, would be leaving the CFA and negotiate independently for a television deal that covered SEC schools only. This led The Dallas Morning News to proclaim that "the College Football Association as a television entity is dead".[10] More significantly, this change in television contracts ultimately would lead to significant realignment of college conferences, with the biggest change being the dissolution of the Big Eight and the Southwest Conferences and the formation of the Big 12.

After the SEC's abandonment of the CFA, the Southwest Conference and the Big Eight Conference saw potential financial benefits from an alliance to negotiate television deals, and quickly began negotiations to that end, with ABC and ESPN. Though there were complications over the next several weeks (some of which are detailed below), on February 25, 1994, it was announced that a new conference would be formed from the members of the Big Eight and four of the Texas member colleges of the Southwest Conference.[11][12][13] Though the name would not be made official for several months, newspaper accounts immediately dubbed the new entity the "Big 12".[14] Charter members of the Big 12 included: Baylor University, the University of Colorado at Boulder, Iowa State University, University of Kansas, Kansas State University, the University of Missouri, the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater, the University of Texas at Austin, Texas A&M University, and Texas Tech University.

Dissolution

[edit]
Locations of final Big Eight Conference full member institutions.

Following the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1994, the Big Eight continued operations till August 30, 1996 when the Conference was formally dissolved and its members officially began competition in the Big 12 Conference. Following the dissolution all of the Conference records were moved to Kansas State's Vanier Complex and are now on exhibit in the Big 8 room which also serves host to post game interviews after football games.[citation needed]

Members

[edit]

Final members

[edit]
Institution Location
(Population) 		Founded Type Enrollment Endowment Nickname Mascot Varsity Sports National Titles[15][16]*
University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado
(83,312) 		1876 Public 30,128 $665,000,000[17] Buffaloes Ralphie the Buffalo / Chip 14 25
Iowa State University Ames, Iowa
(47,198) 		1858 Public 28,682[18] $452,200,000[19] Cyclones Cy the Cardinal 16 19
University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas
(65,608) 		1865 Public 30,004[20] $1,005,000,000[17] Jayhawks Big Jay / Baby Jay 16 12
Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas
(37,712) 		1863 Public 23,588[21] $277,600,000[17] Wildcats Willie the Wildcat 14 0
University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri
(69,101) 		1839 Public 33,318[22] $974,900,000[17] Tigers Truman the Tiger 18 2
University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska
(191,972) 		1869 Public 24,100[23] $1,140,000,000[17] Cornhuskers Herbie Husker / Lil' Red 21 23
University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma
(80,071) 		1890 Public 29,721 $968,400,000[17] Sooners Sooner Schooner / Boomer and Sooner 19 25
Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma
(36,676) 		1890 Public 23,307 $239,000,000[24] Cowboys Pistol Pete / Bullet 16 50

Previous members

[edit]
Institution Location
(Population) 		Founded Type Enrollment Endowment Nickname Mascot Varsity Sports National Titles[15][16]*
Drake University Des Moines, Iowa
(193,187) 		1881 Private 3,164 $135,000,000[17] Bulldogs Spike 17 ??
Grinnell College Grinnell, Iowa
(8,902) 		1846 Private 1,688 $1,260,000,000[25] Pioneers 20 ??
University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
(59,735) 		1847 Public 30,825 $791,231,000[17] Hawkeyes Herky the Hawk 24 26
Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri
(396,685) 		1853 Private 13,995 $4,600,000,000[26] Bears[27] 17 ??

Membership timeline

[edit]
Big 12University of ColoradoBig 12Oklahoma State UniversityBig 12University of OklahomaGrinnell CollegeBig 12Kansas State UniversityBig 12Iowa State UniversityDrake UniversityBig 12University of NebraskaBig 12University of MissouriBig 12University of KansasWashington University in St. LouisUniversity of Iowa

Full members Other Conference

Subsequent conference affiliations

[edit]
Team Left for Current home
Colorado Big 12 Conference Pacific-12 Conference1
Drake Missouri Valley Conference Pioneer Football League
Missouri Valley Conference2
Grinnell Missouri Valley Conference Midwest Conference3
Iowa Big Ten Conference
Iowa State Big 12 Conference
Kansas
Kansas State
Missouri Big 12 Conference Southeastern Conference4
Nebraska Big 12 Conference Big Ten Conference5
Oklahoma Big 12 Conference
Oklahoma State
Washington-St. Louis Missouri Valley Conference University Athletic Association6
  1. ^ Colorado left the Big 12 for the Pac-12 beginning with the 2011-12 season.
  2. ^ Drake withdrew from the Missouri Valley Conference from 1951-1956. The MVC stopped sponsoring football in 1985; Drake remains a member for all non-football sports. The football program was independent until the football-only Pioneer League began play with the 1993-94 season.
  3. ^ Grinnell joined the Midwest Collegiate Athletic Conference beginning with the 1939-40 season; their affiliation from 1928-1939 is unclear.[28] The MCAC merged with the Midwest Athletic Conference for Women to form the Midwest Conference beginning with the 1994-95 season.
  4. ^ Missouri left the Big 12 for the SEC beginning with the 2012-13 season.
  5. ^ Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten beginning with the 2011-12 season.
  6. ^ Washington-St. Louis left the MVC in 1946; it joined the College Athletic Conference from 1962 through 1971, and became a charter member of the University Athletic Association, which began play with the 1986-87 season. It was independent in all other years.[29]

Commissioners

[edit]

Commissioners of the Big Eight Conference

Conference champions

[edit]

[35] [36]

Men's basketball

[edit]

Following are the MVIAA/Big Eight conference championships from 1907 to 1996.

  • Kansas: 32 outright/43 total
  • Kansas State: 14/17
  • Missouri: 12/15
  • Nebraska: 2/7
  • Colorado: 3/5
  • Iowa State: 2/4
  • Oklahoma: 8/13
  • Oklahoma State: 1/2

Regular season champions

[edit]

This includes titles in the MVIAA and the Big 6 and Big 7 conferences, with records in parentheses.

MVIAA

  • 1908: Kansas (6–0)
  • 1909: Kansas (8–2)
  • 1910: Kansas (7–1)
  • 1911: Kansas (9–3)
  • 1912: Nebraska (8–2)/Kansas (6–0)*
  • 1913: Nebraska (10–0)
  • 1914: Nebraska (7–0)/Kansas (13–1)*
  • 1915: Kansas (13–1)
  • 1916: Nebraska (12–0)
  • 1917: Kansas State (10–2)
  • 1918: Missouri (15–1)
  • 1919: Kansas State (10–2)
  • 1920: Missouri (17–1)
  • 1921: Missouri (17–1)
  • 1922: Missouri/Kansas (15–1)
  • 1923: Kansas (16–0)
  • 1924: Kansas (15–1)
  • 1925: Kansas (15–1)
  • 1926: Kansas (16–2)
  • 1927: Kansas (10–2)
  • 1928: Oklahoma (18–0)

* In 1912 and 1914, KU and NU were divisional winners and declared conference co–champions since no playoffs were staged either year.

Big 6 Conference

  • 1929: Oklahoma (10–0)
  • 1930: Missouri (8–2)
  • 1931: Kansas (7–3)
  • 1932: Kansas (7–3)
  • 1933: Kansas (8–2)
  • 1934: Kansas (9–1)
  • 1935: Iowa State (8–2)
  • 1936: Kansas (10–0)
  • 1937: Kansas/Nebraska (8–2 apiece)
  • 1938: Kansas (9–1)
  • 1939: Missouri/Oklahoma (7–3 apiece)
  • 1940: Kansas/Missouri/Oklahoma (8–2 apiece)
  • 1941: Iowa State/Kansas (7–3 apiece)
  • 1942: Kansas/Oklahoma (8–2 apiece)
  • 1943: Kansas (10–0)
  • 1944: Iowa State/Oklahoma (9–1 apiece)
  • 1945: Iowa State (8–2)
  • 1946: Kansas (10–0)
  • 1947: Oklahoma (8–2)

Big 7 Conference

  • 1948: Kansas State (9–3)
  • 1949: Nebraska/Oklahoma (9–3 apiece)
  • 1950: Kansas State/Nebraska/Kansas (8–4 apiece)
  • 1951: Kansas State (11–1)
  • 1952: Kansas (11–1)
  • 1953: Kansas (10–2)
  • 1954: Kansas/Colorado (10–2)
  • 1955: Colorado (10–2)
  • 1956: Kansas State (9–3)
  • 1957: Kansas (11–1)
  • 1958: Kansas State (10–2)

Big 8 Conference

  • 1959: Kansas State (14–0)
  • 1960: Kansas/Kansas State (10–4 apiece)
  • 1961: Kansas State (13–1)
  • 1962: Colorado (13–1)
  • 1963: Colorado/Kansas State (11–3 apiece)
  • 1964: Kansas State (12–2)
  • 1965: Oklahoma State (12–2)
  • 1966: Kansas (13–1)
  • 1967: Kansas (13–1)
  • 1968: Kansas State (11–3)
  • 1969: Colorado (10–4)
  • 1970: Kansas State (10–4)
  • 1971: Kansas (14–0)
  • 1972: Kansas State (12–2)
  • 1973: Kansas State (12–2)
  • 1974: Kansas (13–1)
  • 1975: Kansas (11–3)
  • 1976: Missouri (12–2)
  • 1977: Kansas State (11–3)
  • 1978: Kansas (13–1)
  • 1979: Oklahoma (10–4)
  • 1980: Missouri (11–3)
  • 1981: Missouri (10–4)
  • 1982: Missouri (12–2)
  • 1983: Missouri (12–2)
  • 1984: Oklahoma (13–1)
  • 1985: Oklahoma (13–1)
  • 1986: Kansas (13–1)
  • 1987: Missouri (11–3)
  • 1988: Oklahoma (12–2)
  • 1989: Oklahoma (12–2)
  • 1990: Missouri (12–2)
  • 1991: Kansas/Oklahoma State (10–4)
  • 1992: Kansas (11–3)
  • 1993: Kansas (11–3)
  • 1994: Missouri (14–0)
  • 1995: Kansas (11–3)
  • 1996: Kansas (12–2)

Tournament champions

[edit]

All Big Eight men's basketball tournaments were held at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri. Through 1985, however, the quarterfinal rounds were played on the home courts of the top four seeds in the tournament.[citation needed]

  • 1977: Kansas State
  • 1978: Missouri
  • 1979: Oklahoma
  • 1980: Kansas State
  • 1981: Kansas
  • 1982: Missouri
  • 1983: Oklahoma State
  • 1984: Kansas
  • 1985: Oklahoma
  • 1986: Kansas
  • 1987: Missouri
  • 1988: Oklahoma
  • 1989: Missouri
  • 1990: Oklahoma
  • 1991: Missouri
  • 1992: Kansas
  • 1993: Missouri
  • 1994: Nebraska
  • 1995: Oklahoma State
  • 1996: Iowa State

Football

[edit]
Main article: Big Eight Conference football

Following are the MVIAA/Big Eight conference championships from 1907 to 1995.

  • Colorado (3 outright/5 total): 1961; 1976 (Co-Champions); 1989; 1990; 1991 (Co-Champions)
  • Iowa (0/1): 1907 (Co-Champions)
  • Iowa State (0/2): 1911 (Co-Champions); 1912 (Co-Champions)
  • Kansas (2/5): 1908; 1930; 1946 (Co-Champions); 1947 (Co-Champions); 1968 (Co-Champions)
  • Kansas State (1/1): 1934
  • Missouri (10/12): 1909; 1913 (Co-Champions); 1919; 1924; 1925; 1927; 1939; 1941; 1942; 1945; 1960*; 1969 (Co-Champions)
  • Nebraska (30/41): 1907 (Co-Champions); 1910; 1911 (Co-Champions); 1912 (Co-Champions); 1913 (Co-Champions); 1914; 1915; 1916; 1917; 1921; 1922; 1923; 1928; 1929; 1931; 1932; 1933; 1935; 1936; 1937; 1940; 1963; 1964; 1965; 1966; 1969 (Co-Champions); 1970; 1971; 1972; 1975 (Co-Champions); 1978 (Co-Champions); 1981; 1982; 1983; 1984 (Co-Champions); 1988; 1991 (Co-Champions); 1992; 1993; 1994; 1995
  • Oklahoma (26/33): 1920; 1938; 1943; 1944; 1946 (Co-Champions); 1947 (Co-Champions); 1948; 1949; 1950; 1951; 1952; 1953; 1954; 1955; 1956; 1957; 1958; 1959; 1962; 1967; 1968 (Co-Champions); 1973; 1974; 1975 (Co-Champions); 1976 (Co-Champions); 1977; 1978 (Co-Champions); 1979; 1980; 1984 (Co-Champions); 1985; 1986; 1987
  • Oklahoma State (1/2): 1926; 1976 (Co-Champions)

* Kansas would have won the 1960 title, but after found to be using an ineligible player they were forced to forfeit their victories over Missouri and Colorado, which meant that Missouri was awarded the 1960 Big Eight title.

Wrestling

[edit]

Following are the MVIAA/Big Eight conference championships from 1907 to 1995.

  • Iowa State (13/14) 1929, 1933, 1937, 1941, 1947, 1958, 1970, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1987 (Co-Champions), 1993
  • Kansas State (3/3) 1931, 1939, 1940 [37]
  • Nebraska (2/2) 1949, 1995 [37]
  • Oklahoma (20/21) 1930, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1948, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1967, 1968 (Co-Champions), 1981, 1985, 1986[37]
  • Oklahoma State (22/24) 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 (Co-Champions), 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1983, 1984, 1987 (Co-Champions), 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994

Oklahoma State did not accept the trophy in 1992 in order to lessen any consequences stemming from an NCAA investigation of improper payments made to its student athletes.[38][39] They are still listed as champions in the Big Eight record book.

NCAA championships won by MVIAA/Big Eight members

[edit]

From 1907 to 1996

Baseball

[edit]
  • Missouri: 1954[40]
  • Oklahoma: 1951, 1994[41]
  • Oklahoma State: 1959

Men's Basketball

[edit]
  • Kansas: 1952, 1988
  • Oklahoma State: 1945, 1946

Oklahoma State won its national titles while a member of the Missouri Valley Conference, when it was known as Oklahoma A&M. Kansas was awarded two Helms Foundation national titles in 1922 and 1923 in the MIVAA.

Men's Cross Country

[edit]
  • Kansas: 1953
  • Oklahoma State: 1954
  • Iowa State: 1989, 1994

Oklahoma State won its national title while a member of the Missouri Valley Conference, when it was known as Oklahoma A&M.

Men's Golf

[edit]
  • Oklahoma: 1989
  • Oklahoma State: 1963, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995

Men's Gymnastics

[edit]
  • Iowa State: 1971, 1973, 1974
  • Oklahoma: 1977, 1978, 1991
  • Nebraska: 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1994

Football

[edit]
  • Colorado: 1990
  • Nebraska: 1970, 1971, 1994, 1995
  • Oklahoma: 1950, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1975, 1985

Skiing

[edit]
  • Colorado: 1959, 1960. 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1991, 1995

Before 1983, the championship was for men's skiing.

Men's Indoor Track and Field

[edit]
  • Missouri: 1965
  • Kansas: 1966, 1969, 1970

Men's Outdoor Track and Field

[edit]
  • Kansas: 1959, 1960, 1970

Women's Indoor Track and Field

[edit]
  • Nebraska: 1983, 1984

Women's Volleyball

[edit]
  • Nebraska: 1995

Wrestling

[edit]
  • Iowa State: 1933, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1977, 1987[42]
  • Oklahoma:1936, 1951, 1952, 1957, 1960, 1963, 1974
  • Oklahoma State: 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1971, 1989, 1990, 1994[43]

Conference facilities

[edit]

This is a listing of the conference facilities as of the last year of the conference 1995-1996.

School Football stadium Capacity Basketball arena Capacity Baseball Stadium Capacity
Colorado Folsom Field 51,655 Coors Events Center 11,065 Hasn't sponsored since 1980 N/A
Iowa State Cyclone Stadium 43,000 Hilton Coliseum 14,356 Cap Timm Field 3,500
Kansas Memorial Stadium 50,250 Allen Fieldhouse 16,300 Hoglund Ballpark 2,500
Kansas State KSU Stadium 43,000 Bramlage Coliseum 13,500 Frank Myers Field 2,000
Missouri Faurot Field 62,023 Hearnes Center 13,611 Simmons Field 2,000
Nebraska Memorial Stadium 72,700 Bob Devaney Sports Center 13,595 Buck Beltzer Field 1,500
Oklahoma Owen Field 82,112 Lloyd Noble Center 11,528 L. Dale Mitchell Baseball Park 2,700
Oklahoma State Lewis Field 60,218 Gallagher-Iba Arena 13,611 Allie P. Reynolds Stadium 3,821

See Also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ http://www.bigeightsports.com
  2. ^ a b c Murphy, Austin (November 28, 2011). "Bordering On Hatred: Rivalry Week will once again deliver must-see matchups, but this year's Kansas-Missouri showdown is like no other: It may very well be the last". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
  3. ^ "Big 12 Conference offices to be located in Dallas". Fort Scott, Kansas: The Fort Scott Tribune. Associated Press. February 3, 1996.
  4. ^ http://www.bigeightsports.com/Schools/Iowa/Iowa.htm
  5. ^ "Oklahoma Refused". Lawrence, Kansas. May 31, 1919.
  6. ^ "Oklahoma Aggies in Valley Group". December 6, 1924.
  7. ^ "Big Six Grid Squads Take Field Tomorrow". Associated Press. September 16, 1928.
  8. ^ Fullerton, Jr., Hugh (May 27, 1947). "Sports Roundup". Associated Press.
  9. ^ a b "Group To Ask NCAA Opinion". Associated Press. May 19, 1957.
  10. ^ Maisel, Ivan (February 12, 1994). "SEC OFFICIALLY LEAVES CFA; BIG EAST WILL FOLLOW SOON". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  11. ^ "Politics played big part information of Big 12". The Deseret News. February 28, 1994. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
  12. ^ "Texas Giants Merge With Big 8". Associated Press. February 27, 1994.
  13. ^ "Presidents Decide on Name: Big 12". Associated Press. May 13, 1994.
  14. ^ "Politics played big part in formation of Big 12". February 28, 1994. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  15. ^ a b "NCAA Men's Championships" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  16. ^ a b "NCAA Women's Championships" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-06-03.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2010NCSE_Public_Tables_Endowment_Market_Values_Final.pdf
  18. ^ "Iowa State University fall enrollment soars to a record 28,682 students". Iowa State University. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  19. ^ http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2009_NCSE_Public_Tables_Endowment_Market_Values.pdf
  20. ^ KU Fall 2009 Enrollment
  21. ^ "Kansas State University Fact Book 2010" (English). Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  22. ^ "New Semester Sets Records". Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  23. ^ "NU enrollment highest in 13 years; up for 5th consecutive year". nebraska.edu. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  24. ^ http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/oklahoma-state-3170
  25. ^ http://chronicle.com/article/Colleges-Endowments-Earned-12/126071/
  26. ^ http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/21267.aspx
  27. ^ http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/archives/facts/mascot.html
  28. ^ http://www.grinnell.edu/files/downloads/Grinnell%20College%20Football%20Season-by-Season%20Records_0.pdf
  29. ^ http://bearsports.wustl.edu/about/Pages/default.aspx
  30. ^ "Reaves Peters, Ex-Big 8 Head, Dies of Cancer". Kansas City, Missouri: Lawrence Journal-World. January 31, 1966. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  31. ^ http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/022410aaa.html
  32. ^ http://www.neinassports.com/bio.html
  33. ^ http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&ATCLID=220764
  34. ^ http://www.big12sports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=10410&ATCLID=1519866
  35. ^ Big 8 Football Standings
  36. ^ Big 8 Basketball Standings
  37. ^ a b c http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/okla/sports/m-wrestl/auto_pdf/2008_09_wr_guide_section6.pdf
  38. ^ "Cowboys grab title, not trophy". Dubuque, Iowa. Associated Press. March 7, 1992.
  39. ^ "O-State wrestling under investigation". Junction City, Kansas. Associated Press. June 22, 1992.
  40. ^ University of Missouri (2012). "Missouri Tigers baseball record book" (PDF). University of Missouri. p. 12. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  41. ^ http://www.soonersports.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/okla/sports/m-basebl/auto_pdf/2008_guide_section8
  42. ^ http://www.cyclones.com//pdf8/763895.pdf
  43. ^ http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/okst/sports/m-wrestl/auto_pdf/WR-0910-MEDIAGUIDE.pdf
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