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Multiple timeline of Latvia

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This scheme is a timelime of the history of Latvia, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories.
Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines
The Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika) is a republic with a parliament, the Council, elected in free multi-party elections, a president elected by the parliament and a government responsible to the parliament. Latvia is member of the European Union.
Principality of Jersika
  • 900s: Jersika is established as an Latgalian outpost of the principality of Polotsk.
Bandava
  • 900s: Only little is known about Curonian land of Bandava.



Tālava
  • 900s: Only little is known about the Latgalian land of Tālava.


Bishopric of Livonia
  • 1200s: Lamekins is ruler of the Curonians.
Bishopric of Riga[1]
  • 1200s: Tālivaldis is ruler of Tālava and allies himself with bishop Albert of Riga.

  • 1224: The bishopric annexes most of Tālava.
State of the Teutonic Order[1]
  • 1237: The Livonian Order is part of the Teutonic Order.
  • 1238: The Teutonic Order and the Livonian Order start a crusade against the paganic Lithuanians.

Bishopric of Courland[1]
  • 1234: Engelbert becomes the first bishop of Courland.
  • 1239: After the death of prince Visvaldis, Jersika is annexed to the Livonian Order.

  • 1253: Courland, including Bandava, is divided between the Bishopric of Courland and the Livonian Order.
  • 1290: Courland becomes subject to the Teutonic Order.
Archbishopric of Riga


Livonian Order
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
  • 1561: The Livonian Order is continued by the Courland and Semigallia as a vassal state of Poland. With the Treaty of Vilna the Livonian Order loses parts to Poland-Lithuania, Livonia, Sweden and Denmark. The Estonian part falls to Sweden.
  • 1570-1578: Courland is claimed by Livonia.
  • 1559: Johann IV sells his lands to king Frederik II of Denmark. He gives Courland and Ösel-Wiek to his brother Magnus, who becomes bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek. Courland becomes a vassal state of Denmark.
  • 1570-1578: Courland is claimed by the Kingdom of Livonia, a proposed Russian client state, led by Magnus, who remains bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek.
  • 1572: Magnus loses Ösel-Wiek.
  • 1578: The Kingdom of Livonia is defeated by Poland-Lithuania.
Free and Imperial City of Riga
  • 1561: The last archbishop is Wilhelm von Brandenburg. Riga, with the exception of the city of Riga, is conquered by Poland-Lithuania and annexed to Livonia, whereby the capital continues as free city.
Duchy of Livonia
  • 1561: Riga, with the exception of the city of Riga, is conquered by Poland-Lithuania. It merges with the Livonian Order into the duchy of Livonia which created as a vassal state of Poland.
  • 1570-1578: The Duchy of Livonia is claimed by the Kingdom of Livonia, a proposed Russian client state, led by Magnus. Magnus is also bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek.
  • 1577: Russia ends its relation with the Kingdom of Livonia.
  • 1578: The Kingdom of Livonia is defeated by Poland-Lithuania.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
  • 1581: Riga is annexed to Poland-Lithuania.
Kingdom of Denmark
  • 1583: Magnus dies and king Frederik II of Denmark inherits Courland.


Kingdom of Sweden
  • 1621: Riga and part of Livonia are conquered by Sweden.



Tsardom of Russia
Russian Empire
  • 1772: A part of Poland-Lithuania is annexed to Russia.
Russian Republic
  • 1917: After the revolutions commence in Russia, several entities are established on the territory of Russia.
Republic of Latvia
  • 1918: Latvia secedes from Russia. Germany creates in the same region the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia as a German client state. It merges the same year with a attempted Baltic State into the United Baltic Duchy. A war between the Latvian government, Russia and German-Balts takes places.
  • 1920: The Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty after the Russian defeat brings peace between Latvia and Soviet-Russia. Also the German-Balts are defeated and the independence of Latvia is recognized. A constituent assembly is elected a an universal suffrage.
  • 1921: Latvia joins the League of Nations.
  • 1922: Latvia gets a parliament elected in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The parliament elects the president and the government is responsible to the parliament.
  • 1934: Prime minister Kārlis Ulmanis dissolved the parliament and established an authoritarian rule. The parliament is disbanded and all parties are prohibited.
  • 1939: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Latvia is forced to accept Soviet bases in their countries.
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
  • 1940: The Soviet Union invades Latvia. The Soviet Union creates a soviet republic as a Soviet puppet state.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  • 1940: The Latvian SSR becomes a constituent state of the Soviet Union.
German Empire
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Republic of Latvia

  1. ^ a b c In the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade the Terra Mariana is established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Terra Mariana becomes directly subject to the Holy See and is divided into feudal principalities: Danish Estonia, Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek, Riga, Courland and the Livonian Order. In 1419 the entities of Terra Mariana establish the Livonian Confederation. The Livonian Confederation is dissolved in 1561.
  2. ^ In 2009 with the Treaty of Lisbon, signed in 2007, the European Community is dissolved into the European Union, becoming an overall legal unit.