User:FriarTuck1981/sandbox

Coordinates: 39°49′10.31″N 77°13′54.62″W / 39.8195306°N 77.2318389°W / 39.8195306; -77.2318389
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the eponym of the battlefield's Cemetery Hill, see the adjacent Evergreen Cemetery.
Gettysburg National Cemetery
National Park Service
For the Union soldiers of the Civil War
EstablishedNovember 18, 1863 (1863-11-18)
Location
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Designed byWilliam Saunders
Total burials3,555
Unknowns
979
Burials by nation
Union (USA)

Confederate (CSA)

The muffled drum’s sad roll has beat
The soldier’s last tattoo,
No more on life’s parade shall meet
That brave and fallen few.
Soldiers' National Cemetery
Entrance to National Cemetery, c.1920s
Coordinates39°49′10.31″N 77°13′54.62″W / 39.8195306°N 77.2318389°W / 39.8195306; -77.2318389
BuiltOctober 27, 1863 (1863-10-27)
ArchitectWilliam Saunders
MPS64500520
NRHP reference No.75000155
Significant dates
Designated NHLDCP1966 (1966)
Designated PHMPDecember 12, 1947 (1947-12-12)[1]
American Civil War cemeteries

The Gettysburg National Cemetery within the Gettysburg National Military Park is an Civil War cemetery created for Union casualties of the Battle of Gettysburg opened in November 1863.[2] In addition to reinterments from the Gettysburg Battlefield, the cemetery has subsequent sections for Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam War and their spouses and children. The cemetery as a whole a part of the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District as a historic district contributing structure as well as the various battlefield monuments, memorials, and exhibits displayed within.

History[edit]

In June 1863, Confederate forces under the command of Robert E. Lee pushed into Union territory. The Confederacy hoped that by bringing the war into the northern states, northern politicians would abandon the war and normalize the South’s secession. Union forces responded to the invading army, culminating in a confrontation near the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.[3] Union artillery in a cornfield at the subsequent cemetery site counter fired on Confederates west of Gettysburg at the seminary and railway cut.[4][5] By July 2, Confederate sharpshooters in Gettysburg were "picking off" Federals on the hill.[6]

For three days, more than 150,000 soldiers clashed in a series of Confederate assaults and Union defenses. On the third day of the battle, Lee ordered an assault on the Union’s center, a move now known as Pickett’s Charge. More than 12,500 Confederate soldiers marched on the Union position, coming under intense artillery fire. Union guns decimated the attacking Confederates, injuring or killing nearly 50 percent of the approaching brigades.[3] The charge’s strategic failure and loss of men forced Lee into retreat. Three days of fighting at Gettysburg took a horrible toll on both sides: 8,900 dead soldiers killed or mortally wounded, 30,000 injured, and 10,000 captured or missing.[7]

After the battle, bodies lay scattered throughout Gettysburg’s farmlands. Burial work commenced quickly as fears of epidemic rose. As one Confederate soldier recalled passing over the fields northwest of Gettysburg on July 4,

“The sights and smells that assailed us were simply indescribable-corpses swollen to twice their size, asunder with the pressure of gases and vapors…The odors were nauseating, and so deadly that in a short time we all sickened and were lying with our mouths close to the ground, most of us vomiting profusely.”[8]

The dead were hastily buried by townspeople and farmers who buried some of bodies at battlefield sites (e.g., along fences and stone walls) in shallow graves on the battlefield, crudely identified by pencil writing on wooden boards.[9][3] The local Provost Marshal solicited "Men, Horses, and Wagons…to bury the dead" in various Gettysburg Battlefield plots,[10] including any "rebel" bodies found on the battlefield.[11] As rain and wind began eroding the impromptu graves, Gettysburg’s citizens called for the creation of a soldiers’ cemetery for the proper burial of the Union dead.[3]

Creation[edit]

At the urging of local attorneys David McConaughy[12] who purchased land, including "the heights of Cemetery Hill," the same from which the Union center repulsed Pickett’s Charge, and David Wills who recommended a state-funded cemetery at the south slope of East Cemetery Hill "on the Baltimore turnpike, opposite the Cemetery"[13] the open, sloped tract of 8 acres (3.2 ha)[14] which was sold to Willis by Peter Thorn in 1899.[15] With the support of the Pennsylvania Governor, state-appropriated funds purchased the property, and the reburial process began four months after the battle on October 27, 1863 and continued through March 1864.[3][16]

Wills, after being designated Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin's agent,[17] purchased McConaughy's summit tract and later a second tract "between Evergreen and the five-acre tract of Miller's apple orchard"[13] totalling 17 acres (6.9 ha) for $2,475.87[18] ($61,270 in 2024 dollars).

The cemetery was designed by landscape architect William Saunders who designed the cemetery as a wide semi-circle, radiating from a central point to be decorated with a grand monument.[17] The cemetery’s sections were divided by state; smaller states closest to the monument and larger states along the outer portions.[19]

Construction[edit]

By the end of 1863, The Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg was organized at Harrisburg and incorporated on March 25, 1864.[20][21]

[1][2][22] Michigan appropriated the first payment from a state for the cemetery. By the federal turnover in 1872, 18 states had contributed $129,523.24.[13]: 26 


Re-interments[edit]

Union remains were transferred from the various battlefields locations (e.g., on Cemetery Hill) as well as local church cemeteries, field hospital burial sites (e.g., Camp Letterman and the Rock Creek-White Run Union Hospital Complex), the York U.S. Army Hospital and the Valley of Death where unburied soldiers decomposed in place.[23][24]

In 1863, a re-interment contract was issued and required wooden boards nailed to the head of the coffins to protrude from the ground for displaying identities.[17]

Bodies and improvised gravesites were found in various locations around the town. In a former cornfield, the first re-interments were from the 1804 "United Presbyterian Burying Ground" and the "Associate Reformed Graveyard", which closed in 1899.[25][26][27][28]

By November 1863, 1188 remains, including 582 unknown, "had already been interred in the Cemetery".[29] The next month, in order to speed up the process, Wills advertised for farmers to report graves on their property.[30]

Confederate burials[edit]

Confederate burials did not receive placement in the national cemetery. Efforts in the 1870s by Southern veterans' societies eventually relocated 3,200 Confederate remains to cemeteries in Virginia, Georgia, and the Carolinas, such as Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia. A few Confederates do remain interred at Gettysburg National Cemetery.

A few weeks after the burial process started, a dedication ceremony was held at the yet to be completed Soldiers' National Cemetery. The cemetery committee chose Massachusetts statesman and orator Edward Everett to deliver the main speech. The committee asked President Abraham Lincoln to deliver “a few appropriate remarks.” At the November 19 ceremony, Everett spoke for two hours on the causes of war and the events that led to the Battle of Gettysburg. After his remarks, Lincoln rose and spoke for two minutes; his brief speech today is known as the “Gettysburg Address.” His speech honored the brave men who fought and invoked their sacrifice as a cause to continue fighting for the preservation of the nation.


|- | [when?] | The "city of Boston" exhumed 158 soldiers' remains for reinterment in Massachusetts.[31]: 161  |- | 1864-03-19 | † Samuel Weaver reported 3,512 total Union bodies "taken up and removed to the Soldiers' National Cemetery" October 27-March 18.[31]: 161  |- | 1864-03-21 | † Wills identified the cemetery had 3,564 total burials, including those buried directly in the cemetery (not exhumed)[31]: 175  (e.g., Major George Tate's leg amputated at a hospital was buried in the cemetery which he annually visit from Massachusetts.)[32] |- | 1864-12 | † 37 more bodies had been located and reinterred, the stone walls had been completed (the lodge nearly so), and the "main avenue" was "ready for macadamizing".[13] |- | 1865 | Wills had iron fencing erected between the Soldiers' and Evergreen cemeteries[33] contrary to the condistion when Pennsylvania purchased McConaughy's tract.[34] |- | 1865-03-06 | ۩ The cemetery's 3 stone walls and the brick "gate house" (lodge) were complete, and the gate was ready to be erected.[31] |- | 1865-05 | § Daniel K. Snyder was appointed the cemetery superintendent, and was replaced in November by Sgt John McAllister.[13]: 21  |- | 1865 | ۩ The wooden marker boards for each grave were replaced with gravestones [3] (the CCC reset gravestones into concrete in 1934).[35] |- | [specify] | † A Union soldier buried July 5, 1863, at South Mountain's Monterey toll house was reinterred at the cemetery (his wife visited both sites for the 1913 reunion).[4] |- | 1865-07-04 | ۩ The "Exercises Incidental to the Laying of the Corner Stone" for the Soldiers' National Monument were conducted[36] after designs had been requested in 1864.[37]: 35  |- | 1867-06-19 | To plan the transfer to the federal government, the "Board of Managers" appointed a committee[38] (Blake, Carr, Ferry, Hebard, McCurdy, Selleck, and Wills).[39] |- | 1867-06-20 | The Committee of Arrangement of the Board of Commissioners of the National Cemetery met Governor Geary, who with General Grant visited the cemetery.[39] |- | 1867 | ۩ The marble urn in the National Cemetery was dedicated to the 1st Minnesota Infantry.[5] |- | 1869-07-01 | ۩ The Soldiers' National Monument was dedicated[22] after the crowning statue of the Genius of Liberty had arrived in October 1868.[6] On August 26, the "Plenty" statue was added to the monument,[22] and the "Peace" statue was added between[specify] August 30, 1869,[40] and September 21, 1887.[41] |- | c. 1870 | ۩ The 2nd floor of the stone "gatehouse" (Greek Revival architecture) was expanded with a Mansard roof.[7] |- | 1870-07-14 | "A Resolution Authorizing the Secretary of War to take charge of the Gettysburg and Antietam National Cemeteries" passed.[42] |- | 1871-07-22 | The commissioners met ""to close up the business of the Board preparatory to its transfer to the National Government".[8] |- | 1872-05-01 | Pennsylvania ceded the cemetery to the Department of War[37] (the board of commissioners expired.)[43] |- | 1872-08 | § Charles Stambaugh became the superintendent until July 1873.[13]: 26  |- | 1872-08-31 | ۩ The Reynolds statue cast from bronze cannon tubes[13]: 25  (Robert Wood & Co. foundry, J. Q. A. Ward design) was erected on a dark Quincy granite pedestal.[36]: 17  |- | 1878-10 | ۩ 50 new iron settees were placed in the cemetery.[9] |- | 1879-05 | ۩ The 1st rostrum of 20 ft × 40 ft (6.1 m × 12.2 m) was being completed by P. J. and J. J. Tawney,[44] with 12 brick columns and a 5-foot-high (1.5 m) high floor.[45] In addition to Decoration and Dedication days' observances, the building was used during military camps (e.g.,1882 Camp Burnside)[46] and 1890 Camp Abe Patterson).[47] |- | 1881-06 | † 20 skeletons plowed up on the Gelback Farm along the Emmitsburg Road were reinterred.[10] |- | 1882 | ۩ 17 tablets were erected to display stanzas of Bivouac of the Dead (only 8 remain).[48] |- |1882-05-10 | † During Grand Central Avenue (now Hancock Avenue) construction, remains of a US soldier found on the Leister Farm were interred in the Cemetery.[49] |- |1884-11-08 | † First and only African-American veteran of the Civil War, Henry Gooden of the 127th Regiment United States Colored Troops, is buried among U.S. Regulars in the Civil War section.[50][51] |- | 1887-10-01 | § Battlefield guide[52] and assistant superintendent William Holtzworth replaced Supt. Nicholas G. Wilson who resigned to become the GBMA superintendent.[49] |- | 1889 | † Remains found during avenue construction were reinterred in the cemetery,[11] and the cemetery gate to the Taneytown Road was planned.[12] |- | 1889-09 | Joseph H. Smith constructed the "grand stand…for use on Thursday, Pennsylvania Day … on the large lawn in front of the rostrum".[13] |- | 1890 | ۩ Two "Act of Congress Tablets" were placed in the cemetery to commemorate[48] the February 22, 1867 "act to establish and perfect National Cemeteries"[14] (the congressional reburial program had been resolved on April 13, 1866).[53] |- | 1891-02 | ۩ The cemetery's Taneytown Road (west) entrance was built at the summit curve of the Gettysburg Electric Railway.[54] |- | 1891 | § Calvin Hamilton resigned as[55] local school board president [15] and became the cemetery superintendent after 2 years as assistant to W. D. Holtzworth.[16] |- | 1892 | ۩ William H. Tipton photographed the cemetery's summer house near the west gate. |- | 1893-07-02 | ۩ After an October 1890 objection by Wills had been resolved, the Ionic[43] New York State Monument[48] was unveiled [17] with the "statue of “Victory” in the presence of at least 12,000 persons".[56] The ceremony concluded with an artillery salute by Battery C. [18] |- | 1899 | † Remains found at the United Presbyterian Cemetery during construction of the shirt factory were reinterred in the cemetery.[28] |- | 1899-09-23 | † Remains of 18 soldiers found on Culp's Hill were reinterred in the cemetery.[19] |- | 1900 | † Remains found by fence builders on a farm were reinterred in the cemetery.[57] |- | 1903 | ۩ A larger Gettysburg Rostrum was built [20] 36.8 ft × 22 ft (11.2 m × 6.7 m) with a sod platform[48] to replace the original 1879 rostrum. |- |1904-05-30 | ¶ President Theodore Roosevelt delivered the Decoration Day address [21] after detraining near the McPherson Ridge railway cut.[22] |- | 1905 | The lodge at the Baltimore Pike entrance was dismantled[58] (teacher Ruth Hamilton at the High Street School had lived at the lodge).[23] |- | 1906 | ۩ $6000 was appropriated for a new lodge for the superintendent[59] (Wm. H. Johns was the contractor.)[24] |- | 1908 | Memorial flags were 1st used on the graves.[25] |- | 1912-01-24 | ۩ The Lincoln Address Memorial was erected on the cemetery grounds "near site of original summer house".[48] |- | [specify] | "A 205' macadam roadway [was] graded and piked around the Lincoln Memorial in 1909 [sic]."[60] |- | 1914-04 | § Major M. M. Jefferys succeeded Calvin Hamilton as superintendent [26][27] and the Jefferys family moved into the lodge,[28] |- | 1915-05 | The "Three-Mile Picture Show" named for the length of film recorded wreath-laying at the Lincoln Address Memorial by local "colored residents".[61][62] |- | 1915-05-06 | † Remains of a soldier discovered at Menchey's Spring on the base of East Cemetery Hill were reinterred in the cemetery.[62][63] |- | 1915-05 | § Acting superintendent Harry E. Koch replaced [29] Major Jefferys who resigned during illness while at "Johns Hopkins hospital".[62] |- | 1915-09 | § Superintendent Austin. J. Chapman (1915 to 1918)[30] prohibited hackmans' jitneys from carrying more than 15 persons into the cemetery.[31] |- | 1928 | ¶ President Calvin Coolidge delivered the Memorial Day address in the rostrum.[32] |- | 1928-09 | ۩ The brick comfort station at the cemetery opened[64] and closed in 1931 [33] (the 1st Gettysburg Parkitecture comfort station was built in 1933.)[65] |- | 1930 | ¶ President Herbert Hoover delivered the Memorial Day address at the rostrum that had been temporarily extended by Army Quartermasters.[34] |- | 1930-08-31 | § James W. Bodley retired after serving as superintendent since 1918.[35] |- | 1933-06-10 | Executive Order 6166 combined management of the cemetery and military park with the Department of the Interior[13]: viii  (9 others cemeteries transferred on July 28).[53] |- | 1933 | ۩ Lafayette Square fencing was moved to the cemetery [36] after 1888 legislation had moved it[44] to East Cemetery Hill in 1889 (installed by Calvin Gilbert).[49] |- | 1936 | † A U.S. Colored Infantry soldier that died after the Civil War was reinterred from Yellow Hill Cemetery (Biglerville) into the cemetery.[37] |- | 1938 | The National Park Service planted 200 rhododendron plants in the cemetery.[33] |- | 1942 | § Captain Earl Taute was the cemetery superintendent.[38] |- | 1947/8 | † 850 World War II dead were reinterred "from European and South Pacific theaters".[66] |- | 1949 | Federal appropriations of $10,000 was planned for adding 5 acres (2.0 ha) to the cemetery.[39] |- | 1955 | ۩ The American Legion Tablet was placed in the cemetery to honor the "efforts of American fighting forces in preservation of freedom of all men."[48] |- | 1955 | The Oscar-nominated The Battle of Gettysburg documentary filmed the cemetery. |- | 1963 | ¶ President Dwight D. Eisenhower was a dignitary in the Remembrance Day activities at the cemetery. |- | 1963-11-19 | Bethlehem Steel deeded 5 acres (2.0 ha) "to enlarge the present cemetery"[67][40] during a luncheon for the Lincoln Fellowship's 25th anniversary.[41] |- | 1967-04-15 | A design for the annex between the north wall of the cemetery and Steinwehr Avenue had plans for 1666 graves.[42] |- | 1968-02 | † The first burial was completed at the annex (a 22-car parking lot had been contracted on January 23, 1968).[43] |- | [when?] | † The last interment was made in the original cemetery area [44] (closed October 27, 1972, except for spouse interments). |- | 1972 | The last formal speaker for a Decoration Day ceremony at the cemetery was in the rostrum.[45] |- | 1976–08 | The National Park Service acquired the 4th of 6 houses along Steinwehr Avenue east of the Taneytown Road for the cemetery annex.[68] |- | 1980 | ۩ The cemetery's 1864 stone walls were reconstructed.[46] |- | 1993-08-21 | ۩ The Friend to Friend Masonic Memorial in the annex was dedicated by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. |- | 1997-07-01 | † Remains of a soldier discovered in 1996 [47] during Seminary Ridge excavation were interred in the cemetery.[48] |}

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gettysburg National Cemetery.
External media
Images
image icon Saunders diagram
image icon Illustration of consecration
image icon 1st lodge as modified & 2nd flagpole
image icon 1882 cemetery image on interpretive display
image icon Tipton images
image icon 1913 reunion flags on gravestones
Video
video icon 1955 helicopter footage (minute 9)

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Pennsylvania Historical Marker Program". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  2. ^ "National Cementery Walking Tour" (PDF). Soldiers' National Cemetery. Nation Park Service. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Gettysburg National Cemetery". Civil War Era National Cemeteries: Honoring Those Who Served. National Park Service. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  4. ^ Wentz, Michael A. (2002). The Hospital on Seminary Ridge at the Battle of Gettysburg. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. p. 130. ISBN 9780786412242. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  5. ^ Adams, II, Charles J. (30 June 2000). "National cementery a somber stop". Reading Eagle/Reading Times. p. W4. Retrieved 20 February 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Mr. Cooke (20 July 1863). "Battle of Gettysburg". The Complier. Col. 6. p. 2. Retrieved 20 February 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  7. ^ "Care of the wounded after Battle of Gettyburg". Gettysburg Times. 14 July 1986. pp. 7, 12. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  8. ^ Bell, Clyde (26 July 2012). "What Happened to Gettysburg's Confederate Dead?". The Blog of Gettysburg National Military Park. National Park Service. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  9. ^ "Consecration of Soldiers' National Cementery". The Adams Sentinel. No. 3. 24 November 1863. p. 2. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  10. ^ "To All Citizens". The Adams Centinel. 30 June 1863. p. 2. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  11. ^ "The Last of the Dead Buried--Condition of the Wounded--The Battle-field and Relic Gatherers". The New York Times. 11 July 1863. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  12. ^ "The Development of the National Cemetery". Gettysburg Discussion Group. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Unrau, Harlan D. (July 1991). "Gettysburg" (PDF). Administrative History: Gettysburg National Military Park and Gettysburg National Cemetery, Pennsylvania (91-558-P). Denver, CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service. OCLC 24228617. Retrieved 21 February 2015. Cite error: The named reference "Unrau" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cross, Andrew B. (1865). "The War". Battle of Gettysburg and the Christian Commission. Baltimore. OCLC 85799358. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  15. ^ "For Sale of Rent". The Star and Sentinel. No. 50. 12 December 1889. p. 3. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  16. ^ History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania. Chicago: Warner, Beers & Co. 1886. pp. 236–247. Archived from the original on 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2015. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)
  17. ^ a b c Willis, Davis (1865). "A Proposal". Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Indianapolis: W.R. Holloway, State printer. OCLC 14091887. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  18. ^ Murphy, Jim (1992). The Long Road to Gettysburg. New York: Clarion Books. pp. 98–9. ISBN 0-395-55965-0.
  19. ^ "Local Department". The Compiler. Gettysburg, PA. 5 October 1863. p. 2. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  20. ^ "Proceedings from Second Session of Congress". Providence Evening Press. 3 March 1865. p. 1. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  21. ^ Bartlett, John Russell, ed. (1874). The Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg: With the Proceedings at Its Consecration, at the Laying of the Corner-stone of the Monument, and at Its Dedication. Providence Press Company. pp. 9, 18. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  22. ^ a b c "Gettysburg: The Reunon on the Field…". New York Times. August 27, 1869. Retrieved 2011-07-07. visited the apple orchard,[where?] peach orchard, wheatfield, Round Top… The positions of the above-named corps were fixed. … Over one hundred stakes were driven at important points. … and the places where General Sickles, Hancock and Graham were wounded… General Hll…fixed the position…which opened the battle… The hop at the Springs Hotel…netted about $200, which is to be devoted to the Soldiers' Home, near Cemetery Hill. {{cite news}}: External link in |quote= (help) Cite error: The named reference "NYT1869" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  23. ^ Howard, Maj. Gen. O.O. (1867). Revised Report made to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, Soldiers' National Cemetery, at Gettysburg (Revised ed.). Singerly & Myers, State Printers. pp. 4, 21–142, 161–164, 175–180. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  24. ^ {{Cite book |last=Wert |first=J. Howard |year=1886 |title=A Complete Hand-Book of the Monuments and Indications and Guide to the Positions on the Gettysburg Battle-Field |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N8QPaIbCCM0C&vq=hundred%20yards&pg=PA93#v=snippet&q=rubbish&f=false |format=Google Books |publisher=B.M. Sturgeon & Co. |page=93 |accessdate=2012-03-02
  25. ^ "Corp William Wallace Story". Find-a-Grave. 7 November 2003. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  26. ^ "Pvt Ebenezer H. James". Find-a-Grave. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  27. ^ "Chapter XXX: Cumberland Township". History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, Pennsylvania: Part III, History of Adams County. Chicago: Warner, Beers & Co. 1886. pp. 236–247. Retrieved 2012-03-05. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |part= ignored (help)
  28. ^ a b {{Cite report |last=Amrhein |first=Elizabeth |date=Fall 2009 |title=Discovering History: The History of the Ice House Complex |url=http://www.gettysburg.edu/library/gettdigital/hidden/Amrhein_paper.pdf
  29. ^ {{Cite news |format=Google News Archive |date=November 24, 1863 |title=Consecration of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N04mAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G_8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=7237%2C7964994 |newspaper=The Adams Sentinel |accessdate=2012-03-10
  30. ^ "The Dead on the Battlefield". The Adams Centinel. 24 November 1863. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  31. ^ a b c d
    cited Revised Report chapters

    "Report of David Wills". pp. 4-tbd. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
    "List of Names". pp. 21–142. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    "Report of Samuel Weaver". pp. 161–4. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
    "The National Cemetery". pp. 175–80. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

    Revised Report…Soldiers' National Cemetery, at Gettysburg (Google Books--transcription available at Archive.org) (Report) (revised ed.). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Singerly & Myers, State Printers. 1867 [March 31, 1864]. Retrieved 2012-03-02. October 27 … On the battle field of the first day,…bodies [were] nothing remaining but the dry skeleton. {{cite report}}: External link in |format= (help): 163      Original Report: Report of the Select Committee Relative to the Soldiers' National Cemetery (WorthPoint.com auction listing) (Report). [same location & publisher]. March 31, 1864. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  32. ^ c. 1916 local Gettysburg newspaper item reporting Major Tate's annual visit (e.g., Gettysburg Times)[full citation needed]
  33. ^ a b [document author not identified] (date not identified). "The Development of the National Cemetery". GDG.org - Gettysburg Discussion Group website. Retrieved 2012-03-12. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help) citing for quotation:
    • "David McConaughy to Governor Andrew Curtin, August 5, 1863 (negative photocopy, David Wills correspondence, GNMP vertical files): "We agree to sell to the state or states nine acres between the Cemetery and the Taneytown road, at $200.00 per acre--the states to enclose this land on that Road, and on North and South, but not on side adjoining the Cemetery--the grounds to be used for burial of the soldier dead of all the states."
  34. ^ McConaughy, David (August 5, 1863), [letter to Governor Andrew Curtin] (negative photocopy), Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center vertical files: David Wills correspondence{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (cited by GDG.org: The Development of the National Cemetery)
  35. ^ "Plan $50,000 Battlefield Project Here" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Times. July 16, 1934. Retrieved 2012-03-02. work on the re-setting of 5,200 feet of head stones in the National cemetery will ge under way within a week … many of which are either leaning or have fallen over altogether, will be reset in concrete. … The work will be done by enrollees of the two civilian conservation corps camps on the battlefield
  36. ^ a b Bartlett, John Russell, ed. (1874). "Oration of Governor O. P. Morton". The Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg…the Monument…dedication (Google Books). Providence, Rhode Island. for distribution to the Board of Commissioners of the Cemetery. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  37. ^ a b Sellars, Richard West (Winter 2005). Pilgrim Places: Civil War Battlefields, Historic Preservation, and America’s FirstNational Military Parks, 1863-1900 (PDF). CRM (Report). Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  38. ^ "Monuments and Entertainments" (Google News pay-per-view)). Detroit Free Press. June 21, 1867. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
  39. ^ a b "Visit of Gen. Grant and Gov. Geary & Meeting of the Board of Managers of the Soldiers' National Cemetery" (Google News Archive). The Star and Sentinel. June 26, 1867. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  40. ^ "Gettysburg" (Google News Archive). The Pittsburgh Gazette. August 30, 1869. Retrieved 2012-02-25. The battle monument is not yet finished
  41. ^ Cite error: The named reference WCD1887 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  42. ^ 16 Stat. 390[full citation needed]
  43. ^ a b "New-York at Gettysburg: The Monument Question Settled at Last". The New York Times. March 1, 1891. Retrieved 2012-03-02. Wills indited to the Secretary of War…occupation of any portion of the cemetery by…any particular State for memorial structures.
  44. ^ a b [webpage author not identified] (date not identified). "Maintenance by the War Department". GDG.org - Gettysburg Discussion Group website. pp. 12–23. Retrieved 2012-03-12. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=g1EmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BwAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1509,5857048&dq=samuel-bushman+gettysburg&hl=en
  46. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=9qGwjJavaBUC&dat=18820726&printsec=frontpage&hl=en
  47. ^ "Veterans At Gettysburg". The New York Times. 1890-09-01.
  48. ^ a b c d e f "GETT List of Classified Structures" (NPS.gov HSCL[specify] website). www.hscl.cr.nps.gov. National Park Service.
  49. ^ a b c "Minute Book, Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, 1872-1895" (GDG.org webpage). Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. 1982 transcription. Retrieved 2012-03-02. July 23rd 1880. Board met at the Head-Quarters of the Grand Army of the Republic on East Cemetery Hill. … July 12, 1889 … sealed proposals for…the erection of a gate way at Hancock Avenue. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  50. ^ Findagrave. "Pvt Henry Gooden ( - 1876)". Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  51. ^ CivilWarTalk. "A Burial in Gettysburg National Cemetery". Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  52. ^ "Town and Country" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. October 4, 1887. Retrieved 2011-07-07. Major Wm. D. Holtzworth, the well-known Battlefield Guide, has been appointed by the War Department.col. 2
  53. ^ a b "Appendix I: VI. National Cemeteries". title tbd (PDF) (Report). p. 595. Retrieved 2012-03-12. By the end of the Civil War, 14 national cemeteries had been established pursuant to this act; however, none of these original 14 remains in the jurisdiction of the National Park.
  54. ^ …Battle Field of Gettysburg (Map). Cartography by Gettysburg Park Commission (Nicholson, John P; Cope, Emmor; Hammond, Schuyler A). New York: Julius Bien & Co. Lith. 1904. {{cite map}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); External link in |cartography= (help)
  55. ^ The Sun. August 31, 1889. Calvin Hamilton has resigned the principalship of the public schools of this place to accept the office of assistant superintendent of the national cemetery here. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  56. ^ "Honors for the Hero Dead". New York Times. July 3, 1893. Retrieved 2011-06-23. at the spot where Gen. Greene's brigade, 1,300 strong, repelled Johnston's Confederate division, which numbered at least 10,000.
  57. ^ Nasby, Dolly (2005). Gettysburg (Google Books). Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-3651-2. Retrieved 2012-03-12. Fence builders in 1900 came upon the remains of soldiers who had been buried on this farm.
  58. ^ "A Battlefield Visitor: Sees an Unsightly Object in Goiing Over Field" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. July 26. Retrieved 2012-03-10. entrance way disfigured for years with a partly dismantled lodge. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ "Money for Battlefield" (Google News Archive). New Oxford Item. July 22, 1906. Retrieved 2012-02-25. …appropriation for the construction of roads in Cumberland township, which, owing to the fact that the Lutheran seminary, Pennsylvania college and County Almshouse, as well as the great amount of government property situated therein, gives this township very little or no revenue in the matter of taxation, as all the above institutions are exempt from taxation.
  60. ^ Gettysburg National Military Park Tour Roads (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record (Report). date tbd. Retrieved 2012-03-22. {{cite report}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  61. ^ "Lincoln Memorial to be Scene of Film Feature" (Google News Archive). The Star and Sentinel. May 22, 1915. Retrieved 2011-04-12. for photographing the Lincoln mounment [sic] in the upper end of the National cemetery and as the picture is being taken a number of colored residents of town will pass before it and each will lay a wreath of flowers on the monument of the emancipator of their race.
  62. ^ a b c "Include Gettysburg in Big "Movie"…, Will Bury Skeleton Dug Up…, & Major Jefferys to Resign Soon…" (Google News Archive). The Star and Sentinel. May 7, 1915. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
  63. ^ "Found Soldier's Bones: Will be Given Burial in the National Cemetery" (Google News Archive). Adams County News. May 8, 1915. Retrieved 2012-03-12. repairing a pipe wall at the foot of East Cemetery Hill, unearthed the remains of a Union soldier, Thursday. Embedded in one of the bones of the forearm was a bullet.
  64. ^ "Comfort Station For Military Park" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Times. Times and News Publishing Company. September 24, 1928. Retrieved 2012-03-21. The first modern public comfort station in the national military park reservation was opened Saturday in the national cemetery. (reprinted in 1943)
  65. ^ "New Comfort Station to be Built on Field" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Times. May 5, 1933. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
  66. ^ Pyle, Michaela S. (April 22, 1965). "Expansion Problem May Curtail Gettysburg Burials" (Google News Archive). The Washington Observer. Retrieved 2012-03-22. Of the 24 sections in the cemetery , 18 are filled with Union Civil War dead.
  67. ^ "Steel Firm to Give Land for Cemetery" (Google News Archive). The Gettysburg Times. November 16, 1963. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
  68. ^ "Start Razing Battlefield Motel Units" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Times. August 28, 1976. Retrieved 2012-02-25.

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External links[edit]

Category:American Civil War cemeteries National Cemetery Category:Cemetery Hill Category:Cemeteries in Pennsylvania Category:United States national cemeteries

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