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User:Gregbard/Sandbox/Causal reasoning

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Causal reasoning is reasoning about the causes of events. A causal argument attempts to support a causal claim or hypothesis.

Terms

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A causal claim is a statement which implies that one event caused or causes another.

A causal hypothesis is a causal claim put forward to explain the cause or effect of something, when the cause or effect has not yet been conclusively established.


Causation among specific events

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  • Only-Relevant-Difference reasoning
  • Only-Relevant-Common-Thread reasoning

Common fallacies in causal reasoning

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  • Mistakes in Only-Relevant-Difference reasoning
  • Mistakes in Only-Relevant-Common-Thread reasoning
  • Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc
  • Overlooking possible coincidences
  • Other issues

Causation in populations

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  • cause-to-effect
  • effect-to-cause

Category:Logic