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Severe Tropical Cyclone Winifred
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Aus scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
	Cyclone Winifred on 31 January, 1986
Formed	30 January 1986
Dissipated	6 February 1986
Highest winds	10-minute sustained: 130 km/h (80 mph) ; 1-minute sustained: 165 km/h (105 mph) ;
Lowest pressure	957 hPa (mbar); 28.26 inHg
Fatalities	3 total
Damage	At least $125 million (1986 USD)
Areas affected	Queensland
	Part of the 1985–1986 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season

Severe Tropical Cyclone Winifred was a strong tropical cyclone that devastated north Queensland in early February 1986.

Meteorological history

The precursor tropical low to Severe Tropical Cyclone Winifred was first observed on 27 January, about 450 km (280 mi) north of Cairns, Queensland. Initially drifting toward the east, the low pressure system showed signs of slow development. Early on 29 January, the system turned south as it gradually continued to gain in strength. Based on data from the GMS, the low had become sufficiently well-organized to be classified as a tropical cyclone by 30 January, retaining a minimum central pressure of 995 mbar (hPa; 29.38 inHg). Accordingly, the system was assigned the name Winifred at 1400 UTC that same day, as it slowly proceeded southward.^[1]

Steady intensification continued, and the cyclone reached winds of 118 km/h (74 mph) early on 1 February, the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.^[2] During all of Winifred's existence, a canopy of high-level cirrus clouds covered the eye and rainbands of the cyclone, preventing precise location of its centre through satellite observation. Initially, estimates showed the intensifying cyclone retracing to the southeast on the evening of 30 January, almost immediately turning to the southwest overnight on 31 January. Though the eye retained a relatively large diameter of approximately 51 km (32 mi), Winifred continued to deepen as it approached the coast of north Queensland; however, a contraction of the eyewall became evident by 0300 UTC the next day. With time, the eye further decreased in size, with the smallest diameter assessed at 41 km (26 mi) just prior to landfall. In addition, this decrease suggested a reach of peak intensity, and correspondingly, minimum central pressure dropped to 957 mbar (hPa; 28.38 inHg) upon landfall near Silkwood, Queensland at 0445 UTC, the lowest recorded throughout the duration of the cyclone. This pressure, combined with peak winds of around 130 km/h (80 mph 10-minute sustained), would designate Winifred as the equivalent of a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Moving further inland, Winifred began to lose its discernible radar features and quickly decreased in intensity; however, the cyclone persisted as a weakening tropical depression for approximately five days. Operationally, Winifred was declared dissipated on 6 February.^[1]

Preparations

Prior to the formation of a tropical depression, Tropical Cyclone Advices were initiated at 0600 UTC 29 January. At the time, the precursor low was located about 340 km (210 mi) northeast of Cooktown, Queensland. Consequently, a cyclone watch was declared for coastal areas between Thursday Island and Cooktown; in subsequent advices, the area under watch was extended further to the south. As the storm approached the coastline, the watch was upgraded to a warning from Cape Flattery to Townsville by 1900 UTC 30 January, though watches remained in effect to the north from Lockhart River and to the south from St Lawrence. Over the subsequent days, the area under threat extended further, and by late 31 January, a cyclone warning was in effect from Cooktown to Bowen, as well as a cyclone watch for areas between Cairns and Bowen extending southward to St Lawrence. As the storm turned more toward the south, however, a Flash Tropical Cyclone Advice was issued at 0100 UTC on 1 February, warning of locally destructive winds between Fitzroy Island and Innisfail, as far south as Cardwell. Initially, the forecast position of landfall was pinned near Babinda, where specialists warned of maximum gusts near of 190 km/h (120 mph).

References

^ ^a ^b Zillman, J.W. (October 1986). "Report on Cyclone Winifred" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 4 December, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ "Cyclone Winifred Track Details". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2010. Retrieved 4 December, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[REPORT-1] Zillman, J.W. (October 1986). "Report on Cyclone Winifred" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 4 December, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

[2] "Cyclone Winifred Track Details". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2010. Retrieved 4 December, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

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