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Draft:Benedict Michael

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Benedict Michael
NationalityBritish
Scientific career
FieldsEncephalitis, Acquired Brain Injury, Narrative medicine, Global Health, Patient and Public Involvement.
InstitutionsThe Encephalitis Society, The University of Liverpool Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology
Thesis The Role of Written Narratives in the Recovery of People Affected by Encephalitis  (2014)
Doctoral advisorKarl Atkin

Benedict Michael is a medical doctor, consultant neurologist and researcher who specialises in neurological infection and inflammation and is considered a leading expert in his field of neurology.  He is professor of neurology at the University of Liverpool and honorary consultant neurologist at the Walton Centre.

Education

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After graduating at University of Liverpool (medicine and surgery), Michael undertook his PhD in Neuroimmunology in 2014. In 2018, Michael completed Post-Doctoral Training at the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital [1] and Harvard Medical School where he developed an intravital microscopy model of viral encephalitis to image leucocyte migration into the brain in real-time. In 2022, Michael received a Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP).  

Career

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Michael has been Director of the Infection Neuroscience Lab since 2021 at the University of Liverpool.  

Following on from his work at Harvard, Michael identified the immune protein that was critical to calling a damaging immune-cell into the brain; and blocking this reduced brain swelling and improved outcome.[1]. As a result of this, he received The Liversage Award for Neurology (NENA) [2] and Vera Down Award for Neuroscience [3] (British Medical Association).

In 2013, Michael developed and evaluated a lumbar puncture pack [2] which was subsequently advocated by the National Patient Safety Agency and forms the central intervention in UK since 2018 [3] and an international (India, Brazil, Malawi) care quality improvement program [4].

Michael established the national Neurological Infectious Disease Advice Service (NIDAS) [5] in 2018, through which clinical advice on the investigation and management of patients with infections of the nervous system is provided. He also helped develop the Queen Square Encephalitis MDT in 2018 [4], at which multidisciplinary guidance on management is provided and data on emergent phenotypes and treatment paradigms is collected.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Michael re-focused his research and established the National Surveillance Programme for Neurological Complications, CoroNerve [6][5][6]; a collaboration of the UK's professional neuroscience bodies [7][8][9]Royal College of PsychiatristsAssociation of British Neurologists.This was the first nation-wide study published and established that COVID-19 was associated with a spectrum of neurological manifestations, especially brain inflammation [7]; thereby informing the WHO Screening Check-list.

Since 2020, Michael has been a founding member and co-Director of the Global Neuro Research Coalition [8] through which international collaborations on infection neurology research, including COVID-19 [9] have been driven.

He has influenced the international research agenda through his work on the World Health Organisation (WHO) Expert Panel on COVID-19 neurology, as part of the WHO’s Brain Health Unit [10], leading the WHO Global Brain Health Clinical Exchange Platform [11], and co-Chairing the Acute Care Task Force for the Global COVID-Neuro Coalition [12].

In 2020, Michael was awarded the UKRI programme grant (£2.3m) to study the mechanisms of neurological complications in patients. The COVID-19 Clinical Neuroscience Study (COVID-CNS) [13] is jointly led with Professor Gerome Breen at King’s College London, and is part of the COVID-19 section of the NIHR BioResource [14].  

As Honorary Faculty for the Royal College of Physicians, Michael has helped lead their Millennium Development Goals educations program in West Africa.

For over 10 years Michael has developed and led the NeuroPACES training program [15], having trained over 1,300 junior doctors to pass the MRCP examination. In turn this course has generated both the funding and the tutors to run a free parallel program of clinical neurological infection training in Zambia and Mozambique [10]. In 2019, his team received the British Medical Association Doctors as Volunteers Commendation [16], and were the Royal College of Physicians Excellence in Education Award (2020 Finalists) [17].  

Michael sits on the advisory panel for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) supporting the implementation of existing and novel therapeutic agents for neurological complications of COVID-19. He also advises the Academy of Medical Sciences (UK) on research priorities for neurological and mental health complications of COVID-19.

Michael is the Vice Chair of the Encephalitis Society's Scientific Advisory Panel [18] (Charity Times Award, Winner 2019) and an expert advisor for the Meningitis Research Foundation [19], both supporting those affected and driving a globally-facing prospective research funding agenda.

He has appeared on many webinars, podcasts and Interviews to disseminate his work outside of the academic community, including interviews for the BBC, CNN, The Times, The Telegraph and the Washington Post. Michael was also Guest Editor on the UK television program Hollyoaks on Channel 4 [20][21].

Research and publications

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Michael’s research is primarily focused on the intersection between neuroscience and infection, researching the impact of infection on the brain, not just clinically, but also at an immunological, virologic, genetic, and neuroimaging level. He published the first nationwide clinicoepidemiologic study and established the UK as at the forefront of the understanding of the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the brain [7][9][11][12][13]. It has been recognised that viral infection of non-Central Nervous System (CNS) organs, such as the lung, can drive a parainfectious immune inflammatory response in the brain without CNS infection. Indeed, Michael identified this during the H1N1 pandemic, however cases were too rare to study disease mechanisms in detail [14].  

Working for the WHO, Michael’s research has directly informed the WHO Screening Checklist for COVID-19 in patients presenting with neurological complications of COVID-19 and also the WHO Scientific Brief on COVID-19 neurology [22][23].

In alliance with UK Health Security Agency (previously Public Health England) Michael has led an epidemiological study to evaluate the incidence of neurological complications of varicella zoster virus.  

His work has been published in The Lancet[7][11][12], Brain Communications [13], PLoS One [3][15], Journal of the Neurological Sciences [16] the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry [6] and the Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences [17]

References

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  1. ^ Michael, Benedict D.; Bricio-Moreno, Laura; Sorensen, Elizabeth W.; Miyabe, Yoshishige; Lian, Jeffrey; Solomon, Tom; Kurt-Jones, Evelyn A.; Luster, Andrew D. (September 2020). "Astrocyte- and Neuron-Derived CXCL1 Drives Neutrophil Transmigration and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Viral Encephalitis". Cell Reports. 32 (11): 108150. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108150. PMC 7548103. PMID 32937134.
  2. ^ Michael, Benedict Daniel; Powell, Graham; Curtis, Sarah; Bailey, Lisa; Almond, Solomon; McGill, Fiona; Cousins, David; Hart, Ian J; Griffiths, Michael; Kneen, Rachel; Solomon, Tom (May 2013). "Improving the diagnosis of central nervous system infections in adults through introduction of a simple lumbar puncture pack". Emergency Medicine Journal. 30 (5): 402–405. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-201248. ISSN 1472-0205. PMID 22707473.
  3. ^ a b Backman, Ruth; Foy, Robbie; Diggle, Peter J.; Kneen, Rachel; Easton, Ava; Defres, Sylviane; McGill, Fiona; Michael, Benedict Daniel; Solomon, Tom; on behalf of the ENCEPH UK Programme Steering Committee (2018-12-06). Taheri, Shahrad (ed.). "A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a tailored intervention to improve the initial management of suspected encephalitis". PLOS ONE. 13 (12): e0202257. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202257. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6283633. PMID 30521521.
  4. ^ Bharucha, Tehmina; Brown, Rachel L.; Marcoci, Cristina; Benjamin, Laura; Hoskote, Chandrashekar; McNamara, Patricia; Spillane, Jennifer; Zandi, Michael S.; Manji, Hadi (October 2023). "The Queen Square Encephalitis Multidisciplinary Team Meeting - experience over three years, pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 453: 120771. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2023.120771. PMC 10951958. PMID 37793287.
  5. ^ Glavin, Diarmuid; Kelly, Denise; Wood, Greta Karen; McCausland, Beth MS; Ellul, Mark Alexander; Varatharaj, Aravinthan; Galea, Ian; Thomas, Rhys Huw; Michael, Benedict Daniel; Gallen, Brian (September 2021). "COVID-19 Encephalitis with SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid Presenting as a Stroke Mimic". Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 30 (9): 105915. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105915. PMC 8165128. PMID 34217071.
  6. ^ a b Van Den Tooren, Harriett; Ellul, Mark A; Davies, Nicholas WS; Easton, Ava; Vincent, Angela; Solomon, Tom; Michael, Benedict Daniel (November 2020). "Standing on the shoulders of giants: 100 years of neurology and epidemic infections". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 91 (11): 1129–1131. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-324366. ISSN 0022-3050. PMC 7569382. PMID 32958721.
  7. ^ a b c Ellul, Mark A; Benjamin, Laura; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Lant, Suzannah; Michael, Benedict Daniel; Easton, Ava; Kneen, Rachel; Defres, Sylviane; Sejvar, Jim; Solomon, Tom (September 2020). "Neurological associations of COVID-19". The Lancet Neurology. 19 (9): 767–783. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30221-0. PMC 7332267. PMID 32622375.
  8. ^ Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Knauss, Samuel; Schmutzhard, Erich; Leonardi, Matilde; Padovani, Alessandro; Abd-Allah, Foad; Charway-Felli, Augustina; Emmrich, Julius Valentin; Umapathi, Thirugnanam; Satishchandra, Parthasarthy; Hoo, Fan Kee; Dalmau, Josep; Oreja-Guevara, Celia; Ferreira, Maria Lúcia Brito; Pfausler, Bettina (June 2020). "A call for a global COVID-19 Neuro Research Coalition". The Lancet Neurology. 19 (6): 482–484. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30150-2. PMC 7250549. PMID 32470416.
  9. ^ a b Beghi, Ettore; Michael, Benedict D.; Solomon, Tom; Westenberg, Erica; Winkler, Andrea S.; Global COVID-19 Neuro Research Coalition (June 2021). "Approaches to Understanding COVID -19 and its Neurological Associations". Annals of Neurology. 89 (6): 1059–1067. doi:10.1002/ana.26076. ISSN 0364-5134. PMC 8250622. PMID 33836104.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Mohammadi, Dara (December 2014). "NeuroAccess: breaking the cycle in resource-poor settings". The Lancet Neurology. 13 (12): 1170–1171. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70273-X. PMID 25453454.
  11. ^ a b Varatharaj, Aravinthan; Pollak, Thomas A; Nicholson, Timothy R; Coles, Jonathan P; Benjamin, Laura A; Carson, Alan; Thomas, Rhys H; Michael, Benedict D; Davies, Nicholas WS; Breen, Gerome; Zandi, Michael; Ellul, Mark A; Thomas, Naomi; Tenorio, Elizabeth L; Sultan, Mustafa (November 2020). "Characterising neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with COVID-19 – Authors' reply". The Lancet Psychiatry. 7 (11): 934–935. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30420-X. PMC 7561324. PMID 33069310.
  12. ^ a b Ray, Stephen T J; Abdel-Mannan, Omar; Sa, Mario; Fuller, Charlotte; Wood, Greta K; Pysden, Karen; Yoong, Michael; McCullagh, Helen; Scott, David; McMahon, Martin; Thomas, Naomi; Taylor, Micheal; Illingworth, Marjorie; McCrea, Nadine; Davies, Victoria (September 2021). "Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study". The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 5 (9): 631–641. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00193-0. PMC 8279959. PMID 34273304.
  13. ^ a b Ross Russell, Amy L; Hardwick, Marc; Jeyanantham, Athavan; White, Laura M; Deb, Saumitro; Burnside, Girvan; Joy, Harriet M; Smith, Craig J; Pollak, Thomas A; Nicholson, Timothy R; Davies, Nicholas W S; Manji, Hadi; Easton, Ava; Ray, Stephen; Zandi, Michael S (2021-07-01). "Spectrum, risk factors and outcomes of neurological and psychiatric complications of COVID-19: a UK-wide cross-sectional surveillance study". Brain Communications. 3 (3). doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab168. ISSN 2632-1297. PMC 8364668. PMID 34409289.
  14. ^ Goenka, Anu; Michael, Benedict D.; Ledger, Elizabeth; Hart, Ian J.; Absoud, Michael; Chow, Gabriel; Lilleker, James; Lunn, Michael; McKee, David; Peake, Deirdre; Pysden, Karen; Roberts, Mark; Carrol, Enitan D.; Lim, Ming; Avula, Shivaram (2014-03-15). "Neurological Manifestations of Influenza Infection in Children and Adults: Results of a National British Surveillance Study". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 58 (6): 775–784. doi:10.1093/cid/cit922. ISSN 1537-6591. PMID 24352349.
  15. ^ Duff, Eugene; Zelaya, Fernando; Almagro, Fidel Alfaro; Miller, Karla L.; Martin, Naomi; Nichols, Thomas E.; Taschler, Bernd; Griffanti, Ludovica; Arthofer, Christoph; Douaud, Gwenaëlle; Wang, Chaoyue; Okell, Thomas W.; Bethlehem, Richard A. I.; Eickel, Klaus; Günther, Matthias (2022-09-29). Yap, Pew-Thian (ed.). "Reliability of multi-site UK Biobank MRI brain phenotypes for the assessment of neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: The COVID-CNS travelling heads study". PLOS ONE. 17 (9): e0273704. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273704. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9522299. PMID 36173949.
  16. ^ Tamborska, A.A.; Wood, G.K.; Westenberg, E.; Garcia-Azorin, D.; Webb, G.; Schiess, N.; Netravathi, M.; Baykan, B.; Dervaj, R.; Helbok, R.; Lant, S.; Özge, A.; Padovani, A.; Saylor, D.; Schmutzhard, E. (June 2023). "Global uncertainty in the diagnosis of neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both neurologists and non-neurologists: An international inter-observer variability study". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 449: 120646. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2023.120646. PMC 10085971. PMID 37100018.
  17. ^ Michael, Benedict D.; Walton, Dean; Westenberg, Erica; García-Azorín, David; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Tamborska, Arina A.; Netravathi, M.; Chomba, Mashina; Wood, Greta K.; Easton, Ava; Siddiqi, Omar K.; Jackson, Thomas A.; Pollak, Thomas A.; Nicholson, Timothy R.; Nair, Shalini (January 2023). "Consensus Clinical Guidance for Diagnosis and Management of Adult COVID-19 Encephalopathy Patients". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 35 (1): 12–27. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.22010002. ISSN 0895-0172. PMID 35872617.
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