User:James Nie/sandbox
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 Single-handed jian and scabbard of the 18th–19th century. | |||||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 劍 | ||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 剑 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | kiếm, gươm | ||||||||||||||||
| Thai name | |||||||||||||||||
| Thai | กระบี่ | ||||||||||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 검 | ||||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 劍 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||
| Kana | けん | ||||||||||||||||
| Kyūjitai | 劍 | ||||||||||||||||
| Shinjitai | 剣 | ||||||||||||||||
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The jian (pronunciation [tɕjɛ̂n], English approximation: /dʒjɛn/ jyehn, simplified Chinese: 剑; traditional Chinese: 劍; pinyin: jiàn; Cantonese: Gim) is a double-edged straight sword used during the last 2,500 years in China. The first Chinese sources that mention the jian date to the 7th century BCE during the Spring and Autumn period;[1] one of the earliest specimens being the Sword of Goujian. Historical one-handed versions have blades varying from 45 to 80 centimeters (18 to 31 inches) in length. The weight of an average sword of 70-centimetre (28-inch) blade-length would be in a range of approximately 700 to 900 grams (1.5 to 2 pounds).[2] There are also larger two-handed versions used for training by many styles of Chinese martial arts.
Professional jian practitioners are referred to as jianke (Chinese: 剑客; pinyin: jiànkè; lit. 'sword guests' or "swordsmen"; a term dating from the Han dynasty).[3][4]
In Chinese folklore, it is known as "The Gentleman of Weapons" and is considered one of the four major weapons, along with the Gùn (staff), Qiang (spear), and the Dao (sabre). These swords are also sometimes referred to as taijijian or "tai chi swords", reflecting their current use as training weapons for taijiquan practitioners, though there were no historical jian types created specifically for taijiquan.[5]
- ^ Ebrey 1999, p. 41
- ^ Rodell 2003, p. 19
- ^ Lorge 2011, p. 69.
- ^ Wushu Shaolin (2 January 2015). "Shaolin Jian - Shaolin Kung Fu HD". Retrieved 22 March 2018 – via YouTube.
- ^ Rodell (2003), p. 20
Adding in here:
Introduce about Jian was an old weapon in China, almost had 2500 years old history about the jian. Jian in English mean sword. The jian is a long weapon with sharp blade, and its size and length are based on human body. Zheng e is more detailed in the sword, that "the size of the shape of people is different, the system of the sword for its service, not straight to view the United States, to make each suitable for its use. Therefore, the system of the third class, waiting for the third class, so as to appropriate and then. The stalk of the sword is five inches long. If the body of the sword is five times as long as the stalk, it is three feet, nine qiang, and twelve liang. Only the superior and the strong, then can win, so the chief of staff. The body of the sword is four stems. The length of the stem is two feet five inches, the weight is seven qiang, and the length is fourteen liang. Only the person in the right to serve, so the sergeant to serve. If the body of the sword three stem, then two feet ear, weight five qiang, then two jin one two three middle ear, light and short, so it is under the system. If you are short in shape and weak in strength, you can take it."
The jian system mentioned above was mostly used in ancient times, with many changes in the past dynasties, from the qin dynasty to the song dynasty. Zheng e cloud: "if the qin and han jian and song jian comparison, the song long sword has 21 inches three points, han long sword only 17 inches nine points. The short sword in the song dynasty was 15 inches and 2 points, while the short sword in the han dynasty was only 10 inches and 5 points. Therefore, the sword in the song dynasty was longer and of better quality than that in the han dynasty. That said, there should be some evidence, but do not agree. The purpose of the cover sword is not only for killing, but also for the ornament of the teachers of the law. However, it is mainly used for defending against the enemy. For example, the long sword is inconvenient to use, the short sword is hard to reach, the short sword is light and hard to strike, and the old one is heavy and slow to wield. According to an ancient book, "emperor gaozu of the han dynasty gained the world with a sword of three feet". According to the records of jian history, it is about the length of the ancient jian, ranging from one foot three inches to more than four feet, and its weight is two to three jin.
Jian is a kind of short weapon, derived from spear shaped spear and short dagger, originated before the Yin and shang dynasties. The ancients used this sword to cut and Pierce their waist to resist bandits and wild animals. By the zhou dynasty, especially in the spring and autumn period and warring states period, it had become a major weapon of short duration. Even feng and the han xin of the early han dynasty, even though they were too poor to eat, still kept them with them. Famous ganjiang, moxie, longquan, taia, chun jun, zhan lu, fish intestines, ju que and so on. In the spring and autumn period, there is still a longquan sword hidden in the imperial palace, which is still very sharp, proving that China has a long history in the manufacture and use of swords.
The sword can usually make three attacks: cut, cut and thrust.