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Bruce J. West

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Nicola Scafetta

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Ilya Usoskin

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Ilya G. Usoskin (born Jan 17 1965 in Leningrad) is a Professor of Space Physics at the University of Oulu and the station manager of the Oulu Cosmic Ray station.

Claus Fröhlich

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Jan Esper

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Jan Esper[2] is the head of the dendro sciences division at the WSL (Wald Snee und Landschafft - en:Forest, Snow and Landscape) division of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH). His research interests are Global Climate Change, Palaeoclimatology and Vegetation Dynamics.

His research has been part of the Hockey stick controversy with his temperature reconstructions, that have been cited as being evidence for both sides of the controversy.

Academic Career

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Selected Publications

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  • Juckes, M.N.; Allen, M.R.; Briffa, Keith R.; Esper, Jan; Hegerl, G.C.; Moberg, Anders; Osborn, Timothy J.; Weber, S.L.; Zorita, Eduardo, "Millennial temperature reconstruction intercomparison and evaluation" (PDF), Climate of the Past Discussions, 2 (5): 1001–1049
  • Esper, Jan; Wilson, Robert J.S.; Frank, David C.; Moberg, Anders; Wanner, Heinz; Luterbacher, Jürg (2005), "Climate: past ranges and future changes" (PDF), Quaternary Science Reviews, 24 (20–21): 2164–2166, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.001
  • Esper, Jan; Cook, Edward R.; Schweingruber, Fritz H. (2002), "Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies and the reconstruction of past temperature variability." (PDF), Science, 295 (5563): 2250–2253, doi:10.1126/science.1066208, PMID 11910106, S2CID 22184321
  • Esper, Jan; Frank, David C..; Wilson, Robert J.S. (2004), "Climate Reconstructions: Low-Frequency Ambition and High-Frequency Ratification" (PDF), EOS, 85 (12): 113–120, doi:10.1029/2004EO120002

References

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  1. ^ Test reference - try to make it disappear
  2. ^ "Homepage of Jan Esper". Retrieved 2007-02-24.

F. Stuart Chapin III

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Good prospect for an article: [5]

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test 2

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Trenberth, K.E.; Jones, P.D.; Ambenje, P.; Bojariu, R.; Easterling, D.; Tank, A. Klein; Parker, D.; Rahimzadeh, F.; Renwick, J.A.; Rusticucci, M.; Soden, B.; Zhai, P. (2007), "Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change." (PDF), in Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; Marquis, M.; Averyt, K.B.; Tignor, M.; Miller, H.L. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.: Cambridge University Press

How many WP:RS sources do you want? (note i'm not taking a part in this - but the link isn't weak - and it isn't WP:SYN) - links go from strong to weaker:
--Kim D. Petersen 21:54, 25 April 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Test

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<gnuplot> plot sin(x) </gnuplot>

User:KimDabelsteinPetersen/cweb2

Houghton, J.T.; Ding, Y.; Griggs, D.J.; Noguer, M.; van der Linden, P.J.; Dai, X.; Maskell, K.; Johnson, C.A., eds. (2001), "Summary for Policymakers - Figure 4: Simulated annual global mean surface temperature", Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Houghton, J.T.; Ding, Y.; Griggs, D.J.; Noguer, M.; van der Linden, P.J.; Dai, X.; Maskell, K.; Johnson, C.A., eds. (2001), Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change <- TAR template without arguments.

Weart, Spencer (2006), "Past Cycles: Ice Age Speculations", in Weart, Spencer (ed.), The Discovery of Global Warming, American Institute of Physics, retrieved 2007-04-14

Folland, C.K.; Karl, T.R.; Christy, J.R.; Clarke, R.A.; Gruza, G.V.; Jouzel, J.; Mann, M.E.; Oerlemans, J.; Salinger, M.J.; Wang, S.-W. (2001), "2. Observed Climate Variability and Change", in Houghton, J.T.; Ding, Y.; Griggs, D.J.; Noguer, M.; van der Linden, P.J.; Dai, X.; Maskell, K.; Johnson, C.A. (eds.), Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change


Carter, Robert M.; de Freitas, C. R.; Goklany, Indur M.; Holland, David; Lindzen, Richard S. (2006), "The Stern Review: A Dual Critique: Part I: The Science" (PDF), World Economics, 7 (3): 167–198

Byatt, Ian; Castles, Ian; Goklany, Indur M.; Henderson, David; Lawson, Nigel; McKitrick, Ross; Morris, Julian; Peacock, Alan; Robinson, Colin; Skidelsky, Robert (2006), "The Stern Review: A Dual Critique: Part II: Economic Aspects" (PDF), World Economics, 7 (3): 199–229

"Sun's Direct Role in Global Warming May Be Underestimated, Duke Physicists Report" (Press release). Duke University. 2005-09-30. Retrieved 2007-04-16.

Stott, Peter A.; Jones, Gareth S.; Mitchell, John F. B. (2003-12-15), "Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent Climate Change?", Journal of Climate, 16 (24): 4079–4093, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4079:DMUTSC>2.0.CO;2

Stott, Peter A.; Jones, Gareth S.; Mitchell, John F. B. (2003), "Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent Climate Change?" (PDF), Journal of Climate, 16 (24): 4079–4093, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4079:DMUTSC>2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2007-04-16

Baliunas, Sallie L.; Henry, Gregory W.; Donahue, Robert A.; Fekel, Francis C.; Soon, Willie H. (1997), "Properties of Sun-like Stars with Planets: ρ Cancri, τ Bootis, and υ Andromedae" (PDF), The Astrophysical Journal, 474 (2): L119–L122, doi:10.1086/310442, retrieved 2007-04-17

Lockwood, G. W.; Skiff, Brian A.; Baliunas, Sallie L.; Radick, Richard R. (1992), "Long-term solar brightness changes estimated from a survey of sun-like stars", Nature, 360 (6405): 653–655, doi:10.1038/360653a0, S2CID 4237001, retrieved 2007-04-17

Baliunas, Sallie (Aug 16, 2004). "The Sun, Cosmic Rays and Our Environment". TCS Daily. Retrieved 2007-04-17.

"Sallie Baliunas - Biography page". George C. Marshall Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-17.

Baliunas, Sallie (Apr 17, 2001). "Recent Warming is Not Historically Unique". Capitalism Magazine. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Ammann, Caspar M.; Joos, Fortunat; Schimel, David S.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Thomas, Robert A. (2007), "Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model" (PDF), PNAS, 104 (10): 3713–3718, doi:10.1073/pnas.0605064103, PMC 1810336, PMID 17360418, retrieved 2007-04-18


"Changes In Solar Brightness Too Weak To Explain Global Warming" (Press release). University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. 2006-09-13. Retrieved 2007-04-18. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |date2= ignored (help)

Foukal, P.; Fröhlich, C.; Spruit, H.; Wigley, T. M. L. (2006), "Variations in solar luminosity and their effect on the Earth's climate" (PDF), Nature, 443 (7108): 161–166, doi:10.1038/nature05072, PMID 16971941, S2CID 205211006, retrieved 2007-04-18

Leidig, Michael (2004-08-18). "Hotter-burning sun warming the planet". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2007-04-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Fröhlich, Claus; Lean, Judith (2004), "Solar radiative output and its variability: evidence and mechanisms" (PDF), Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 12 (4): 273–320, doi:10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1, S2CID 121558685, retrieved 2007-04-19

Lockwood, Mike; Fröhlich, Claus (July 2007), "Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF), Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 463 (2086): 2447–2460, doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880, S2CID 14580351{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Various papers

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  • MBH98 [1]
  • MBH99 [2]
  • Mann & Jones(2003) [3]
  • Mann & Jones(2004) [4]
  • Mann(2000)[5]
  • Mann(2001) [6]
  • Mann(2002)[7]
  • Mann(2004)[8]
  • Bertrand et al.(2002)[9]
  • Jones, Osborn & Briffa(2001)[10]
  • Mann et al.(2005)[11]
  • MM03 [12]
  • MM04[13]
  • MM05a[14]
  • MBH04[15]
  • MM05b[16]
  • Mann et al.(2003) Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
  • MBH03a [17]
  • Trenberth(2004)[18]
  • Vose et al.(2004) [19]
  • Kalney & Cai(2003)[20]
  • Kalney & Cai(2004) [21]
  • Soon et al.(2003)[22]
  • Soon & Baliunas(2003) [23]
  • Von Storch et al.(2004) [24]
  • Wahl, Ritson & Ammann(2006) [25]
  • Esper,Cook&Schweingruber(2002)[26]
  • Esper et al.(2005)[27]

Citations

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  1. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Bradley, Raymond S.; Hughes, Malcolm K. (1998), "Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries" (PDF), Nature, 392 (6678): 779–787, doi:10.1038/33859, S2CID 129871008
  2. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Bradley, Raymond S.; Hughes, Malcolm K. (1999), "Northern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Past Millenium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations" (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters, 26 (6): 759–762, doi:10.1029/1999GL900070, S2CID 15321280
  3. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Jones, Philip D. (2003), "Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia" (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters, 30 (15): 5.1–5.4, doi:10.1029/2003GL017814, S2CID 5942198
  4. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Jones, Philip D. (2004), "Climate over Past Millenia" (PDF), Reviews of Geophysics, 42 (2), doi:10.1029/2003RG000143, S2CID 2937939
  5. ^ Mann, Michael E. (2000), "Lessons for a New Millennium" (PDF), Science, 289 (5477): 253–254, doi:10.1126/science.289.5477.253, PMID 17750404, S2CID 128937460
  6. ^ Mann, Michael E. (2001), "Climate during the past millenium" (PDF), Weather, 56 (3): 91–102, doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06542.x, S2CID 121374646
  7. ^ Mann, Michael E. (2002), "The Value of Multiple Proxies" (PDF), Science, 297 (5586): 1481–1482, doi:10.1126/science.1074318, PMID 12202805, S2CID 176670673
  8. ^ Mann, Michael E. (2004), "On smoothing potentially non-stationary climate time series" (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters, 31 (7), doi:10.1029/2004GL019569, S2CID 16895383
  9. ^ Bertrand, Cédric; Van Ypersele, Jean-Pascal; Berger, André (2002), "Are natural climate forcings able to counteract the projected anthropogenic global warming?" (PDF), Climatic Change, 55 (4): 413–427, doi:10.1023/A:1020736804608, S2CID 15264816
  10. ^ Jones, Philip D.; Osborn, Timothy J.; Briffa, Keith .R. (2001), "The Evolution of Climate Over the Last Millennium", Science, 292 (5517): 662–667, doi:10.1126/science.1059126, PMID 11326088, S2CID 37235993
  11. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Rutherford, Scott; Wahl, Eugene; Amman, Caspar (2005), "Testing the Fidelity of Methods Used in Proxy-Based Reconstructions of Past Climate" (PDF), Journal of Climate, 18 (20): 4097–4105, doi:10.1175/JCLI3564.1
  12. ^ McIntyre, Stephen; McKitrick, Ross (2003), "Corrections to the Mann et. al. (1998) Proxy Data Base and Northern Hemispheric Average Temperature Series" (PDF), Energy and Environment, 14 (6): 751–771, doi:10.1260/095830503322793632, S2CID 154585461
  13. ^ McIntyre, Stephen; McKitrick, Ross, Global-Scale Temperature Patterns and Climate Forcings Over the Past six Centuries: A Comment (PDF)
  14. ^ McIntyre, Stephen; McKitrick, Ross (2005), "Hockey sticks, principal components, and spurious significance" (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters, 32 (3), doi:10.1029/2004GL021750, S2CID 16503874
  15. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Bradley, Raymond S.; Hughes, Malcolm K. (2005), REPLY TO "Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcings over the past six centuries: A comment." By S. McIntyre and R. McKitrick (PDF)
  16. ^ McIntyre, Stephen; McKitrick, Ross (2005), "The M&M critique of the MBH98 Northern hemisphere climate index: Update and implications" (PDF), Energy and Environment, 16 (1): 69–100, doi:10.1260/0958305053516226, S2CID 154090879
  17. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Bradley, Raymond S.; Hughes, Malcolm K. (2003), Note on paper by McIntyre and McKitrick in Energy and Environment (PDF)
  18. ^ Trenberth, Kevin K. (2004), "Rural land-use change and climate" (PDF), Nature, 427 (6971): 213, doi:10.1038/427213a, PMID 14724627, S2CID 4410207
  19. ^ Vose, Russell S.; Karl, Thomas R.; Easterling, David R.; Williams, Claude N.; Menne, Matthew J. (2004), "Impact of land-use change on climate" (PDF), Nature, 427 (6971): 213–214, doi:10.1038/427213b, PMID 14724628, S2CID 52798151
  20. ^ Kalney, Eugenia; Cai, Ming (2003), "Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate" (PDF), Nature, 423 (6939): 528–531, doi:10.1038/nature01675, PMID 12774119, S2CID 4373762
  21. ^ Kalney, Eugenia; Cai, Ming (2004), "Response to "Impact of Land-Use Change on Climate" (by Vose et al.)" (PDF), Nature, 427: 214, doi:10.1038/427214a, S2CID 4419119
  22. ^ Soon, Willie; Baliunas, Sallie; Idso, Craig; Idso, Sherwood; Legates, David R. (2003), "Reconstructing Climatic and Environmental Changes of the Past 1000 Years: A Reappraisal" (PDF), Energy and Environment, 14 (2–3): 223–296, doi:10.1260/095830503765184619, S2CID 14119104
  23. ^ Soon, Willie; Baliunas, Sallie (2003), "Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years" (PDF), Climate Research, 23: 89–110, doi:10.3354/cr023089
  24. ^ von Storch, Hans; Zorita, Eduardo; Jones, Julie M.; Dimitriev, Yegor; González-Rouco, Fidel; Tett, Simon F. B. (2004), "Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data" (PDF), Science, 306 (5696): 679–682, doi:10.1126/science.1096109, PMID 15459344, S2CID 16329419
  25. ^ Wahl, Eugene R.; Ritson, David M.; Ammann, Caspar M. (2006), "Comment on "Reconstructing Past Climate from Noisy Data"" (PDF), Science, 312 (5773): 529, doi:10.1126/science.1120866, PMID 16645079, S2CID 26384912
  26. ^ Esper, Jan; Cook, Edward R.; Schweingruber, Fritz H. (2002), "Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies and the reconstruction of past temperature variability." (PDF), Science, 295 (5563): 2250–2253, doi:10.1126/science.1066208, PMID 11910106, S2CID 22184321
  27. ^ Esper, Jan; Wilson, Robert J.S.; Frank, David C.; Moberg, Anders; Wanner, Heinz; Luterbacher, Jürg (2005), "Climate: past ranges and future changes" (PDF), Quaternary Science Reviews, 24 (20–21): 2164–2166, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.001

IPCC Citations

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Preferred (in the IPCC report):

IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp.

Citation format:

Wind

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Interesting quote

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The opposition motivated entirely by economic considerations (coal, oil, and so on) is rarely seeking the truth; instead it is concerned with trashing the relationship between global climate change and excess CO2 production. It is part of what some consider a new U.S. industry: Manufactured doubt. The game is played at considerable monetary cost, and the goal is to cast doubt on any and all important scientific evidence favoring global warming. Favorable evidence is discarded, downplayed, or ignored; minor flaws become fatal flaws; and uncertainties become mortal weaknesses.

— Orrin H. Pielky & Linda Pielky-Jarvis[1]
  1. ^ Pielky, Orrin H.; Pielky-Jarvis, Linda (2007), Useless arithmetic: Why Environmental Scientists Can't Predict the Future, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 89, ISBN 978-0231132121

Oreskes notes.

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Peer reviewed

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Media mention - news

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Media mention Op-Ed/Editorials

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Other WP:SPS

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Website

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Blogs (only significant ones please)

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Non RS journals/organizations/publications

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  • Shaw, Jane S. (July 2005). "Vision through a Narrow Lens" (PDF). Energy and Environment. 16 (3–4): 561-546(6). doi:10.1260/0958305054672259. S2CID 154314822. In December 2004, Naomi Oreskes concluded in a Science article, based on a review of 928 papers, that 75 per cent of the papers shared the "consensus" view of global warming. But Benny Peiser of Liverpool John Moores University told the Daily Telegraph (May 1, 2005) that his critique of Oreskes' study – when he conducted a review of the same papers and came to a much different conclusion – had been turned down by Science. [Editor's note: See Peiser's correspondence with Science, this journal.]{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Partisan sources

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  • "Q and A for Climate Skeptics: Answers to the Most Frequently Stated Concerns" (PDF). Climate Leadership Initiative. 2006.
    Objection: Sure, Oreskes found no one bucking the consensus, but her paper was refuted by Benny Peiser, who did the exact same survey and found very different results.
    Answer: True, Benny Peiser did attempt a similar study and submitted it as a letter to Science responding to the Oreskes study. But for very good reasons, it was not published.

Articles of interest

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Citation work

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Houston, J.R. (23 February 2011). "Sea-Level Acceleration Based on U.S. Tide Gauges and". Journal of Coastal Research. 27: 409. doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00157.1. S2CID 16918059. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

ECigs

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Primary

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Secondary

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Tertiary

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Not cat. yet

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PR doc

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E-cig proposal

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Can i get consensus discussion going, on putting this sentence into the lead as a summary of the various reviews that we have? As far as i can tell, all of our recent reviews and other reports are supportive of this sentence:

While there is still limited research, and considerable uncertainty, and little knowledge about long-term effects, a growing body of research indicates that the health risks of e-cigarettes are significantly lower than regular cigarettes, and probably on par with licensed Nicotine replacement therapies[1][2][3][4]

Suggestions for word-changes or caveats will be appreciated, since i'm not a particularly good word-smith, my forte lies in research, and fact-checking. I am aware that the NRT comparison is somewhat tentative, but both Grana and Caponnetto refers to it and summarizes the results.

Summarizing these assessments in recent reviews and reports:

Caponnetto et al.(2013)
In fact, this tool appears to be much safer than traditional cigarettes and comparable in toxicity to conventional nicotine replacement products [28].[1]
Saitta et al.(2014)
Products that deliver nicotine without the smoke carry no more than 1% of the health risks of smoking[Phillips et al. 2006][2] and Today, a growing body of scientific studies on e-cigarettes and liquids supports the efficacy and safety of these products. Even smokers who do not want to quit may do so when introduced to e-cigarettes [Polosa et al. 2011, 2013] and the overall level of risk is much lower than cigarette smoking, with no chemicals raising serious health concerns in e-liquids [Cahn and Siegel, 2011; Goniewicz et al. 2013]. In the most comprehensive systematic review of chemical studies to date, Burstyn concluded that there is no evidence that ‘vaping’, that is neologism, coined to indicate the act of vaporizingthe liquid contained in e-cigarettes, produces inhalable exposures to contaminants of aerosol that would warrant health concerns [Burstyn, 2013]. However, chronic inhalation data in humans are needed before any definite conclusions are made.[2]
Grana et al.(2014)
However, subjects should be informed that, although e-cigarette aerosol is likely to be much less toxic than cigarette smoking, the products are unregulated.[3] and The levels of toxicants in the aerosol were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than in cigarette smoke but higher than with a nicotine inhaler (Table 1).[3]
National Health England(2014)
Overall however the hazards associated with use of products currently on the market is likely to be extremely low, and certainly much lower than smoking.[4]

(references used): [2] [3] [4] [1]

  1. ^ a b c Caponnetto P; Russo C; Bruno CM; Alamo A; Amaradio MD; Polosa R. (Mar 2013), "Electronic cigarette: a possible substitute for cigarette dependence.", Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, 79 (1): 12–19, doi:10.4081/monaldi.2013.104, PMID 23741941
  2. ^ a b c d Saitta, Daniela; Ferro, Giancarlo Antonio; Polosa, Riccardo (Mar 2014). "Achieving appropriate regulations for electronic cigarettes". Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 5 (2): 50–61. doi:10.1177/2040622314521271. PMC 3926346. PMID 24587890.
  3. ^ a b c d Grana, R.; Benowitz, N.; Glantz, S. A. (13 May 2014). "E-cigarettes: a scientific review". Circulation. 129 (19): 1972–86. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667. PMC 4018182. PMID 24821826.
  4. ^ a b c Britton, John; Bogdanovica, Ilze (May 15, 2014), Electronic cigarettes - A report commissioned by Public Health England (PDF), Public Health England
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