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Julie Fouquet
PhD
CitizenshipUSA
EducationBA, Physics, Harvard University; MS, Applied Physics, Stanford University; PhD, Applied Physics, Stanford University
Board member ofIEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society / Photonics Society 1991-1993; Optical Society of America 2004-2006
SpouseGeorge Zdasiuk (1987-present)

Draft:Julie Fouquet

Julie Fouquet is an American scientist and inventor with over 50 US patents in areas including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), optical switching, optical sensors and radio frequency magnetic isolation devices.[1] She was the lead inventor of the Agilent Photonic Switching Platform, a technology that directs complex signals traveling through an array of 32 optical fibers into an independent array of 32 fibers as needed for fiber optic communications network management.[2]

Education[edit]

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Fouquet earned a bachelor's degree in physics from Harvard University, mapping astrophysical masers.[3] She earned MS and PhD degrees in applied physics from Stanford University, researching dynamics of light emission from quantum well semiconductor structures used for semiconductor lasers and other devices.[4][5][6]

Research and career[edit]

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Fouquet joined Hewlett-Packard Laboratories in 1985, then worked at Agilent Laboratories (after the Hewlett-Packard/Agilent split) starting in 1999 and Avago Technologies (resulting from the sale of Agilent’s Semiconductor Product Group) starting in 2005. She held a variety of technical and managerial positions at these corporations. She is now co-founder and CEO of 3newable LLC, a company working in renewable energy and sensor technologies for marine applications.

Optoelectronic devices and optical material characterization were Fouquet’s major research areas until 1995.  She invented specialty semiconductor emitters that played key roles in Agilent's (now Keysight's) optical instruments.[7][8][9]  Using optical techniques including time-resolved photoluminescence, she analyzed the optical properties of III-V compound semiconductor materials for development of a wide range of devices, including LEDs now sold by Lumileds for stop lights and automotive signaling lights.[10][11][12][13][14]

In 1995 Fouquet invented a photonic switch that uses bubbles to redirect light between waveguides in a planar lightwave circuit, later known as the Agilent Photonic Switching Platform.  Fouquet led the multidisciplinary research team that broke performance records for compact optical switches in 1998 and 2000,[15][16][17][2][18][19] and managed technology development in the 75-person division Agilent created to commercialize this technology.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Fouquet's role in this work was profiled in The New Yorker Magazine[30] and Harvard Magazine[31], and she was named a "Leading Innovator" by US News and World Report Magazine.[32]

Four of the 1024 crosspoints in the Agilent Photonic Switch. No crosspoints have been activated, so signals are transmitted along their entering waveguide paths.
A heater located under one of the crosspoints creates a bubble.  The difference in refractive index between the waveguide and the bubble leads to total internal reflection of the signal into the crossing waveguide.

The photonic switch combines a wafer containing optical waveguides in planar lightwave circuits with a silicon wafer containing heaters based on Hewlett-Packard's inkjet technology. In a 32x32 switch, two arrays of 32 parallel waveguides each cross at 1024 points. A trench previously etched in the waveguide at each of these crosspoints is filled with a fluid whose refractive index matches that of the waveguide, so that typically optical signals continue across the trench and into the waveguide segment on the other side. If the optical signals in a the waveguide need to be switched into a crossing waveguide, a heater built on a mating substrate at the appropriate crosspoint is turned on to generate a bubble. The refractive index difference between the waveguide and the bubble creates total internal reflection at the edge of the trench, and the light is reflected into the crossing waveguide. Rerouting all 32 inputs into 32 independent outputs requires just 32 heaters to be turned on. All of the parts of the switch are aligned during manufacture, so that - unlike some micromirror-based switches - no active optical alignment is required during operation.[33]

Fouquet next led an optical imaging sensor group that developed new technologies for low-cost eye detection, free-space pointing devices (like a three-dimensional mouse), and laser-based optical mice.[34][35][29]  

At Avago (now Broadcom) she developed a new RF magnetic transducer technology to send data across electrical isolation barriers that is the basis of the ACML-74x0 product line.[36] She also worked on DC-to-DC power conversion at 60 MHz,[37] acoustic GHz oscillators based on film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) technology,[38][39] and optical sensors.[40]

At 3newable, Fouquet works on wave energy conversion and optics-based anti-biofouling technologies.

32x32 Agilent Photonic Switch showing the silica planar waveguide structure on top of the silicon substrate containing 1024 crosspoint heaters.  Four 32-fiber linear arrays are attached to the planar waveguide structure. Tubes extending up and down in the photo contain the refractive index-matching fluid that fills the crosspoint trenches.

Awards[edit]

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Fouquet's awards include

  • IEEE Fellow, 2004, “for contributions to optical switch and light-emitting device technologies”[41][42]
  • Barney M Oliver Prize for Innovation, Agilent Laboratories, 2000[43][44][45]
  • Leading Innovator for 2001, US News and World Report[32]
  • Technical Achievement Award, 1991, Hewlett-Packard Technical Women's Conference[46]

References[edit]

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  1. ^ "Patent Search". US Patent and Trademark Office. 5/15/20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ a b J.E. Fouquet, “Compact optical cross-connect switch based on total internal reflection in a fluid-containing planar lightwave circuit” (Invited), Optical Fiber Communications Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, 7 March 2000.
  3. ^ Fouquet, J E; Reid, M J (April 1982). "VLBI observations of the maser emission in the four ground-state OH transitions from W3(OH) and SgrB2". Astronomical Journal. 87.
  4. ^ Fouquet, J E; Siegman, A E; Burnham, R D; Paoli, T L (February 15, 1985). "Carrier trapping in room temperature time-resolved photoluminescence of a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum well structure grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition". Applied Physics Letters. 46: 374–376.
  5. ^ Fouquet, J E; Siegman, A E (February 1, 1985). "Room temperature photoluminescence times in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs molecular beam epitaxy multiple quantum well structure". Applied Physics Letters. 46: 280–282.
  6. ^ Fouquet, Julie; Burnham, R D (September 1986). "Recombination dynamics in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well structures". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. QE-22: 1799–1810.
  7. ^ Fouquet, J E; Sorin, W V; Trott, G R; Ludowise, M J; Braun, D M (May 1993). "Extremely low back facet feedback by quantum confined Stark effect absorption in an edge-emitting light-emitting diode". Photonics Technology Letters. 5.
  8. ^ Fouquet, J E; Trott, G R; Sorin, W V; Ludowise, M J; Braun, D M (1995). "High power semiconductor edge-emitting light emitting diodes for optical low coherence reflectometry". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 31: 1494–1503.
  9. ^ Fouquet, J E; Braun, D M; Trott, G R (1996). "Wavelength-dependent optimum output coupling enhances performance of external cavity-tuned semiconductor lasers at 1.5 m". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 31: 1777–1781.
  10. ^ J.E. Fouquet, C.P. Kuo, V.M. Robbins, R.M. Fletcher and T.D. Osentowski, “Time-resolved photoluminescence of GaInP and AlGaInP structures,” Electronic Materials Conference, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 21-23 June 1989.
  11. ^ Fouquet, J E; Robbins, V M; Rosner, S J; Blum, O (1990). "Unusual properties of photoluminescence from partially ordered Ga0.5In0.5P". Applied Physics Letters. 57: 1566–1568.
  12. ^ Fouquet, J E; Minsky, M S; Rosner, S J (1993). "Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy yields bandgap of Ga0.5In0.5P containing relatively ordered domains". Applied Physics Letters. 63: 3212–3214.
  13. ^ Carey, K W; Hull, R; Fouquet, J E; Kellert, F G; Trott, G R (September 1987). "Structural and photoluminescent properties of GaInAs quantum wells with InP barriers grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy". Applied Physics Letters. 51: 910–912.
  14. ^ Fouquet, J E; Saxena, R R; Patterson, G A (May 1989). "Near-infrared photoluminescence of high resistivity epitaxial GaAs and InP and of epitaxial GaAs on Si". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. QE-25: 1025–1034.
  15. ^ J.E. Fouquet, S. Venkatesh, M. Troll, D. Chen, H.F. Wong and P.W. Barth, “A compact, scalable cross-connect switch using total internal reflection and thermally-generated bubbles” (Invited), IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1998 Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, 3 December 1998.
  16. ^ J.E. Fouquet, “Progress in optical cross-connects for circuit-switched applications” (Invited), Proceedings of the Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Photonics in Switching, joint session with Integrated Photonics Research, Santa Barbara, California, 21 July 1999.
  17. ^ J.E. Fouquet, S. Venkatesh, M. Troll, D. Chen, S. Schiaffino and P.W. Barth, “Compact, scalable fiber optic cross-connect switches” (Invited), IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Summer Topical Meeting on WDM Components, San Diego, California, 28 July 1999.
  18. ^ D. Chen, S. Close, J. Fouquet, R. Haven, H. Reynolds, S. Schiaffino, D. Schroeder, M. Troll and S. Venkatesh, “An optical cross-connect switch based on micro-bubbles” (Invited), Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), Orlando, Florida, 8 November 2000, pp. 35-37, ASME, New York, A.P. Lee, A.P. Malshe, F.K. Forster, Q. Tan and R.S. Koynton, editors.
  19. ^ S. Venkatesh, R. Haven, D. Chen, H.L. Reynolds, G. Harkins, S. Close, M. Troll, J.E. Fouquet, P. McGuire, “Recent advances in bubble-actuated cross-connect switches”, Proceedings of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics / Pacific Rim, Chiba, Japan, 15-19 July 2001, vol. 1, pp. I-414 – I-415.
  20. ^ Light Reading 3/8/2000. "Agilent Unveils Optical Switching Breakthrough". Light Reading. Retrieved 2020-05-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ "The Microphotonics Revolution". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  22. ^ "StackPath". www.laserfocusworld.com. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  23. ^ EE Times (March 6, 2000). "Agilent says photonic switch is missing link to all-optical networks". EE Times. Retrieved May 14, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ Administrator, System (2000-06-04). "Breakthrough Optical Switch". The Engineer. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  25. ^ "Agilent Technologies unveils breakthrough optical switching technology - News". Compound Semiconductor. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  26. ^ "Optical Switching Technology Pays Big for Agilent". www.fiberopticsonline.com. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  27. ^ S. Venkatesh, J.E. Fouquet, R. Haven, M. DePue, D. Seekola, H. Okano and H. Uetsuka, “Performance improvements in bubble-actuated photonic cross-connect switches” (Invited), IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 2002 Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Scotland, November, 2002, ME1, pp. 39-40.
  28. ^ J.E. Fouquet, S. Venkatesh, R. Haven, H. Okano and H. Uetsuka, “Recent improvements in performance and reliability of total internal reflection-based photonic cross-connect switches” (Invited), Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America, Orlando, Florida, 30 September - 3 October, 2002.
  29. ^ a b Klonoski, Grace (October, 2005). "Who's Who on OSA's Board of Directors". Optics and Photonics News. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ Denby, David. "The Speed of Light". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  31. ^ Brown, Nell Porter (2002-01-01). "Bubbles and "Champagne"". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  32. ^ a b Morris, Holly (December 25, 2000). "Innovators 2001: Light Switches for Fat Pipe Dreams". US News and World Report.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ J.E. Fouquet, “Waveguide-based optical cross-connect switches” (Tutorial), Optical Fiber Communications Conference, Anaheim, California, 21 March 2002.
  34. ^ J.E. Fouquet, R.E. Haven, S. Venkatesh, C. Chang, R. Helbing and H. Martins, “A simple optical approach to pupil detection,” IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference, Washington, DC, 28 June – 2 July 2004.
  35. ^ J.E. Fouquet, R.E. Haven, S. Venkatesh, and J.S. Wenstrand, “A new optical imaging approach for detecting drowsy drivers” (Invited), IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, Washington, DC, 6 October 2004.
  36. ^ US patent numbers 7741943, 7791900, 7852186, 7852645, 7948067, 8061017, 8093983, 8237534, 8385028, 8385043, 8427844, 8436709, 9019057, and 9105391
  37. ^ US patent number 8258911
  38. ^ Richard Ruby, Steve Gilbert, Julie Fouquet, Reed Parker, Martha Small, Lori Callaghan and Steve Ortiz, “Low Jitter S-Band Oscillators and VCOs Integrated in a Small Chip-Scale Package” (Invited), DesignCon, Santa Clara, California, 28 - 31 January 2014.
  39. ^ Stephen Gilbert, Sanjeev Gupta, Reed Parker, Rich Ruby, Julie Fouquet, Lori Callaghan, Andrew Seidel, Martha Small and Steve Ortiz, “Chip-Scale FBAR Oscillator for Data Communications”, Ethernet Technology Summit, Santa Clara, California, 29 April 2014.
  40. ^ US patent number 8969784
  41. ^ IEEE San Francisco Bay Area (April, 2004). "IEEE Grid" (PDF). IEEE Grid. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  42. ^ "IEEE Fellows Directory - Alphabetical Listing". services27.ieee.org. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  43. ^ "Agilent | Agilent Labs Feature: ADC Innovations Honored with Oliver Prize". www.agilent.com. 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  44. ^ "Agilent | Agilent Labs Feature: Agilent Labs' Barney Oliver Prize Brings Prestige and Honor to Annual Recipients". www.agilent.com. 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  45. ^ "B – Subject File Guide | Agilent History Center – Archives". Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  46. ^ Danehower, Mary (July - August 1991). "It's an Honor" (PDF). Measure Magazine: For the People of Hewlett-Packard. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)


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