User:MAHartley/sandbox
| Leishmaniavirus | |
|---|---|
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| Leishmaniavirus detected in Leishmania guyanensis parasites by immunofluorescence microscopy Blue: DAPI-stained parasitic DNA Green: Leishmaniavirus dsRNA Red: Leishmaniavirus capsid | |
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group III (dsRNA)
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| Family: | |
| Genus: | Leishmaniavirus
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| Species | |
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LRV1-1, LRV1-2, LRV1-3, LRV1-4, LRV1-5, LRV1-6, LRV1-7, LRV1-8, LRV1-9, LRV1-10, LRV1-11, LRV1-12 | |
Leishmaniavirus (also known as Leishmania RNA virus or LRV) is a double-stranded RNA virus of the Totiviridae family that is present within several species of the human protozoan parasite Leishmania.
History
[edit]The presence of virus-like particles in L. hertigi were already reported in 1974[1], however the first molecular description of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV-1) came only in the subsequent decade for various members of the South American L. (Viannia) subgenus: first in L. guyanensis (L.g) [2][3][4][5][6][7]then later in L. braziliensis (L.b) [8][9].
Prevalence and Taxonomy
[edit]The prevalence of LRV1 in human parasites is still largely unknown. So far, no LRV1 has been detected in other key L. (Viannia) species, such as L. panamensis (L.p). Further, LRV1 is rarely found in species outside the Neotropics, and so far, all Paleotropic LRV isolates have shown genetic differences that were sufficient to classify them in a new subcategory named “LRV2”. This variant of LRV was first classified in a single isolate of L. major (L.m) [10], and is recorded as the only and exceptional member of L.m to carry it. Recently, LRV2 has also been found in strains of L. aethiopica (L.ae) [11] isolated from biopsies of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in the Ethiopian highlands. While slight genetic differences were recorded between the LRV2 strains of L.m and L.ae, phylogenetic studies show that the genetic distances between LRVs mirror those between their parasite hosts and thus, that similarity is clustered according to the geographical habitat of the parasite.
Viral replication
[edit]Pathology
[edit]External links
[edit]Literature
[edit]- ^ Molyneux, D.H., Virus-like particles in Leishmania parasites. Nature, 1974. 249(457): p. 588.
- ^ Tarr, P.I., et al., LR1: a candidate RNA virus of Leishmania. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1988. 85(24): p. 9572.
- ^ Stuart, K.D., et al., Molecular organization of Leishmania RNA virus 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1992. 89(18): p. 8596.
- ^ Guilbride, L., et al., Distribution and sequence divergence of LRV1 viruses among different Leishmania species. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1992. 54(1): p. 101.
- ^ Weeks, R.S., et al., Transcribing and replicating particles in a double-stranded RNA virus from Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1992. 52(2): p. 207.
- ^ Weeks, R., et al., LRV1 viral particles in Leishmania guyanensis contain double-stranded or single-stranded RNA. J Virol, 1992. 66(3): p. 1389.
- ^ Widmer, G., et al., Characterization of a RNA virus from the parasite Leishmania. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1989. 86(15): p. 5979.
- ^ Salinas, G., et al., Leishmania RNA viruses in Leishmania of the Viannia subgenus. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1996. 54(4): p. 425.
- ^ Zangger, H., et al., Detection of Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013. 7(1): p. e2006.
- ^ Scheffter, S.M., et al., The complete sequence of Leishmania RNA virus LRV2-1, a virus of an Old World parasite strain. Virology, 1995. 212(1): p. 84.
- ^ Zangger, H., et al., Leishmania aethiopica field isolates bearing an endosymbiontic dsRNA virus induce pro-inflammatory cytokine response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014. 8(4): p. e2836.