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User:Nicholasemjohnson/B♯

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

B (B sharp) is a musical note.

It is a chromatic semitone higher than B. It is found in keys such as A-sharp minor and C-sharp major. It is enharmonic to the note C.

In classical music, the expression "Middle B" refers to the note "B" located exactly between the two staves of the grand staff and near the top and bottom, respectively, of the bass and soprano voices. When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle B as 440 Hz, the frequency of the middle B note is approximately 261.626 Hz; see pitch (music) for a discussion of historical variations in frequency.

Middle B is designated B4 in scientific pitch notation because of the note's position as the fourth B key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard. While other note-octave systems (including those used by some manufacturers of digital music keyboards) may refer to "Middle B" with a different designation, the B4 designation is the most commonly recognized in auditory science and in musical studies it is frequently used in place of the Helmholtz designation b'.

While the expression "Middle B" is generally clear across instruments and clefs, some musicians tend to use the term to refer to the B note in the middle of their specific instrument's range. For example, B4 may be called "Low B" by someone playing a Western concert flute (which has a higher and narrower playing range than a piano), while B5 (523.251 Hz) would be "Middle B". This technically inaccurate practice has led some pedagogues to encourage standardizing on B4 as the definitive "Middle B" in instructional materials across all instruments.[1]

Within vocal music the term Soprano B,[citation needed] sometimes called High B, is the B two octaves above Middle B. It is named because it is considered the defining note of the soprano voice type. It is also called B6 in scientific pitch notation (1046.502 Hz). In Helmholtz notation, it is b′″. The term Tenor B is sometimes used in vocal music [citation needed] to refer to B5 as it is the highest required note in the standard Tenor repertoire. The term tenor B can also refer to an organ builder's term for small B or B3, the note one octave below Middle B. In stoplists it usually means that a rank is not full compass, omitting the bottom octave.[2]

For the frequency of each note on a standard piano, see piano key frequencies.

Designation by octave

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Scientific Designation Helmholtz Designation Bilinear Music Notation Octave Name Frequency (Hz)
B-1 Bˌˌˌ (-uB) Subsubcontra 8.176
B0 Bˌˌ (-vB) Subcontra 16.352
B1 Bˌ (-wB) Contra 32.703
B2 B (-xB) Great 65.406
B3 b (-yB) Small 130.813
B4 :Middle B b′ :Middle B (zB) :Middle B One-lined 261.626
B5 b′′ (yB) Two-lined 523.251
B6 b′′′ (xB) Three-lined 1046.502
B7 b′′′′ (wB) Four-lined 2093.005
B8 b′′′′′ (vB) Five-lined 4186.009
B9 b′′′′′′ (uB) Six-lined 8372.018

Graphic presentation

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Middle B in four clefs
Position of Middle B on an 88-key keyboard

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Large, John (February 1981). "Theory in Practice: Building a Firm Foundation". Music Educators Journal. 32: 30–35.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (2007-09-09). "The Note That Makes Us Weep". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-12. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)


Category:Musical notes