User:Noswall59/sandbox7
Demography[edit]
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Population change[edit]
The poll tax returns for 1377 recorded 140 people living in Skegness over the age of 14; in 1563 there were 14 households, and in the late 17th century there were ten families.[3] The first census of the parish was conducted in 1801 and recorded a population of 134. It had risen above 300 by 1841 and reached 366 ten years later, before dropping back to 349 in 1871. Following the initial development of the seaside resort, the population rose rapidly,[4] contracted in the 1880s[2] and then rose sharply so that by 1921 the resident population was over 9,000. This figure reached 12,539 in 1951, and continued to rise at varying rates over the course of the century. It had reached 18,910 in 2001 and 19,579 in the most recent census, taken in 2011.[1] As designated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the Skegness built-up area incorporates the contiguous conurbation extending north through Ingoldmells to Chapel St Leonards; this had a population of 24,876 in 2011 which makes it the largest settlement in the East Lindsey district (followed by Louth)[5] and represents about 18% of the district's population.[6]
Ethnicity and religion[edit]
According to the 2011 census, Boston's population[7] was 95.8% white; 2.0% Asian or British Asian; 0.5% Black, African, Caribbean or Black British; and 1.3% mixed or multi-ethnic; and 0.4% other. The population is therefore less ethnically diverse than England as a whole, which is 85.4% white; 7.8% Asian or Asian British; 3.5% Black, African, Caribbean or Black British; 2.3% mixed ethnicities; and 1% other. However, 79.3% of the town's population was born in the United Kingdom, far less than the national rate (86.2%); this is primarily because of a large proportion of residents who were born in European Union countries other than the UK and Ireland, amounting to 17.1% of the population (over 7,000 residents), of which nearly 90% (15.2% of the total) were born in post-2001 accession states; for England, the figures were 3.7% and 2.0% respectively. 3.4% of the population was born outside the EU, whereas the total for England was 9.4%. 13.2% of households had no person who spoke English as their main language, compared with 4.4% in all of England.[8][9]
In the 2011 census, 72.6% of Boston's population said they were religious and 20.5% said they did not follow a religion, a slightly higher rate of religious adherence than in England as a whole (68.1% and 24.7% respectively). Compared to England's population, Christians were a much higher proportion of the Boston population (70.7% compared with 59.4%), and all other groups were present at a lower proportion than the national rates. There were 16 Jewish people, comprising a negligible proportion of the population; Sikhs made up 0.1% of the town's population, compared with 0.8% nationally; Hindus composed 0.4% (compared with 1.5% in England), Muslims 0.9% against 5% nationally, and Buddhists 0.2% of the town's population, contrasting with 0.5% nationally.[8][9]
| Ethnicity, nationality and religious affiliation of residents (2011)[8][9] | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Asian or British Asian | Black, African, Caribbean or Black British | Mixed or multi-ethnic | Other ethnicity | Born in UK | Born in EU (except UK and Ireland) | Born outside EU | Religious | Did not follow a religion | Christian | Muslim | Other religions | |
| Boston | 95.8% | 2.0% | 3.5% | 1.3% | 1.0% | 79.3% | 17.1% | 3.4% | 72.6% | 20.5% | 70.7% | 0.9% | 0.7% |
| England | 85.4% | 7.8% | 3.5% | 2.3% | 1.0% | 86.2% | 3.7% | 9.4% | 68.1% | 24.7% | 59.4% | 5.0% | 2.5% |
Household composition, age, health and housing[edit]
| Gender, age, health and household characteristics (2011)[8][9] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Boston | England |
| Male | 48.2% | 49.2% |
| Female | 51.8% | 50.8% |
| Married[n 2] | 45.5% | 46.6% |
| Single[n 2] | 32.1% | 34.6% |
| Divorced[n 2] | 11.3% | 9.0% |
| Widowed[n 2] | 8.2% | 6.9% |
| One-person households | 30.4% | 30.2% |
| One-family households | 59.7% | 61.8% |
| Mean age | 40.2 | 39.3 |
| Median age | 39.0 | 39.0 |
| Population under 20 | 22.5% | 24.0% |
| Population over 60 | 24.2% | 22.0% |
| Residents in good health | 78.9% | 81.4% |
| Owner-occupiers[n 3] | 59.8% | 63.3% |
| Private renters[n 3] | 19.1% | 16.8% |
| Social renters[n 3] | 18.9% | 17.7% |
| Living in a detached house[n 3] | 34.1% | 22.3% |
In the 2011 census, 48.2% of the population were male and 51.8% female. Of the population over 16, 45.5% were married, compared to 46.6% in England; 32.1% were single (a smaller proportion than in England where it was 34.6%), 11.3% divorced (compared with 9% in England), 8.2% widowed (slightly higher than the 6.9% for all of England), 2.6% separated and 0.2% in same-sex civil partnerships (2.7% and 0.2% respectively in England). In 2011, there were 17,622 households in the Boston urban area. It had a similar proportion of one-person households as the rate nationally (30.4% compared with England's figure of 30.2%); most other households consisted of one family, which was slightly less common in Boston than England as a whole (59.7% of the total, compared with 61.8% in England). There were slightly higher than average rates of cohabiting couples (10.8% compared with 9.8%) and people in multiple and other household types (9.9% compared with 8%), but lower rates of lone parent households (9.9% against 10.6%) and married couples (30.0% compared with 33.2%).[8][9]
The 2011 census showed the average age of Boston's population to be roughly in line with the national average; the mean age was 40.2 and the median 39 years, compared with 39.3 and 39 for England. 22.5% of the population was under 20, versus 24% of England's, and 24.2% of Boston's population was aged over 60, compared with 22% of England's population.[8][9] In 2011, 78.9% of the population were in good or very good health, compared to 81.4% in England, and 5.8% in very bad or bad health, close to the rate in England (5.4%). 19.3% of people (8.7% in 16–64 year-olds) also reported having their day-to-day activities limited, compared with 17.6% in England (8.2% in 16–64 year-olds).[8][9]
As of 2011, Boston had a slightly lower proportion of people who owned their homes with or without a mortgage (59.8%) than in England (63.3%); there was a higher rate of social renting (18.9% compared with 17.7% nationally) and private renting (19.1% compared with 16.8%) but owner-occupiers were more likely to own their property outright than in England as a whole (47.8% of them, compared with 51.8%). The proportion of household spaces which were detached was much higher than average (34.1%, compared with 22.3%), while the proportion of households living in apartments, flats and maisonettes was much lower (14.8% against 22.1%). The proportions of terraced and semi-detached household spaces were similar (20.2% and 30.4%, compared with 25.4% and 30.7%).[8][9]
Workforce[edit]
| Economic characteristics of residents aged 16 to 74 (2011)[8][9] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Grantham | England |
| Economic activity | ||
| Economically active | 72.7% | 69.9% |
| Employed | 69.9% | 62.1% |
| Full-time employed | 42.7% | 38.6% |
| Retirees | 13.9% | 13.7% |
| Long-term sick or disabled | 3.9% | 4.0% |
| Long-term unemployed | 1.6% | 1.7% |
| Industry | ||
| Agriculture | 0.9% | 0.8% |
| Manufacturing | 13.9% | 8.8% |
| Construction | 7.3% | 7.7% |
| Wholesale and retail trade; repair of vehicles | 19.1% | 15.9% |
| Transport and storage | 5.0% | 5.0% |
| Accommodation and food services | 6.0% | 5.6% |
| Information and communication | 2.0% | 4.1% |
| Financial and insurance | 2.4% | 4.4% |
| Professional, scientific and technical | 3.9% | 6.7% |
| Public administration and defence | 6.7% | 5.9% |
| Education | 7.7% | 9.9% |
| Health and social work | 12.9% | 12.4% |
| Occupation | ||
| Managers and directors | 9.3% | 10.9% |
| Professionals; associate professionals | 21.8% | 30.3% |
| Administrative and secretarial | 10.8% | 11.5% |
| Sales and customer services | 9.4% | 8.4% |
| Caring, leisure and other services | 10.5% | 9.3% |
| Skilled trades | 12.8% | 11.4% |
| Process, plant and machine operatives | 10.9% | 7.2% |
| Elementary occupations | 14.4% | 11.1% |
| Qualifications | ||
| No qualifications | 23.7% | 22.5% |
| Level 4 or higher | 19.8% | 27.4% |
In 2011, 72.7% of Grantham's residents aged between 16 and 74 were economically active, compared with 69.9% for all of England. 65.6% were in employment, compared with 62.1% nationally. The proportion in full-time employment is also comparatively high, at 42.7% (against 38.6% for England). The proportion of retirees was in line with the national figure, at 13.9% compared with 13.7% for England, as was the proportion of long-term sick or disabled (3.9%, compared with England's 4%); 1.6% of people were long-term unemployed, compared with 1.7% in all of England. The 2011 census revealed that the most common industry residents worked in were: wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles (19.1%), manufacturing (13.9%), and human health and social work (12.9%). The latter category was in line with the national average, but retail and manufacturing were overrepresented compared with England (where the proportions were 15.9% and 8.8%, respectively). Most other industries were under-represented comparatively, with financial services (2.4% versus 4.4% nationally), information and communication (2.0% against 4.1% nationally), and professional, scientific and technical activities (3.9% compared with 6.7%) especially so.[8][9]
Compared with the whole of England, the workforce had modestly higher proportions of people in elementary occupations (14.4% compared with 11.1%), process, plant and machinery operative roles (10.9% against 7.2%), skilled trades (12.8% versus 11.4%), and caring and other service occupations (10.5% against 9.3%). There was a much lower proportion of people in professional, associate professional, technical, administrative and secretarial occupations than in England as a whole (combined 32.6% versus 41.7% of England's population aged 16–74), principally driven by a lower proportion of full professionals (11.1% compared with 17.5%).[8][9]
The proportion of residents aged 16 to 74 with no qualifications was 23.7%, only slightly higher than the national figure (22.5%); the proportion of residents whose highest qualification is at Level 1 or 2 (equivalent to GCSEs) is higher than in the national population, but 19.8% of Grantham's population have a qualification at Level 4 or above (Certificate of Higher Education upwards, including graduates), compared with 27.4% nationally.[8][9]
Deprivation[edit]
The government's Indices of Multiple Deprivation (2019) show that Grantham contains both dense pockets of deprivation and areas of substantial affluence. The county council note that high levels of deprivation in parts of the town contrast with the less deprived rural hinterlands around it.[10] A statistical area covering part of the Earlesfield estate falls within the most deprived 10% of areas in the country; it is the most deprived place in South Kesteven. Other parts of Earlesfield and the Cherry Orchard suburb fall within the most deprived 20% of areas nationally, while much of the central urban area also falls below the national median and the top five most deprived areas in the district are all parts of Grantham. However, the Green Hill and Spinney housing estates and parts of Gonerby Hill Foot and Manthorpe fall within the least deprived decile nationally; one of them is in the least 10 deprived places in South Kesteven.[11]
- ^ a b Figures for 1801–1961, except 1861 and 1871, are taken from "Skegness CP/AP". Vision of Britain. University of Portsmouth. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020. The figures for 1861 and 1871 are from Hewson 1986, p. 63. The local census conducted in 1882 is cited in Gurnham 1972, p. 73. The figure for 1971 was accessed via a query in "Casweb". UK Data Service. Retrieved 28 June 2020. The 1981 figure is from Fullard 1983, p. 15. The 1991 figure is from Office for National Statistics 1998, p. 180. The 2001 figure is from Lincolnshire Research Observatory 2003, p. 1. The 2011 figure is from "Skegness Parish: Local Area Report". Nomis: Official Labour Market Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
:14was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Settlement of Skegness". Lincs to the Past. Lincolnshire Archives. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Hewson 1986, p. 63was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ East Lindsey District Council 2016, p. 10.
- ^ Compare with "East Lindsey Local Authority". Nomis: Official Labour Market Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ Defined as the contiguous urban area (ONS unit E34004383)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Grantham Built-Up Area Sub Division: Local Area Report". Nomis: Official Labour Market Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "England: Country Report". Nomis: Official Labour Market Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ Lincolnshire County Council 2019 p. 4
- ^ "Indices of Deprivation 2015 and 2019", Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities. Retrieved 21 December 2022. See also, the full index (File 1), which can be downloaded at "English indices of deprivation 2019", HM Government. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
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