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Sermons sur divers Textes de l'Ecriture, 4to, Leyde, 1680
Réflexions sur la Présence réelle du Corps de Jésus-Christ dans l'Eucharistie, 12mo, La Haye, 1685
Panégyrique de Monseigneur l'Electeur de Brandebourg, 1684, 4to and 8vo, Berlin and Rotterdam
Panégyrique de Marie Stuart, Reine d'Angleterre, d'Ecosse, de France, et d'Irlande, de glorieuse et immortelle memoire, décédée à Kensington le 28 décembre 1694, 8vo, Amsterdam, 1695
Also published as: A Panegyric on our late Sovereign Lady, 4to, London, 1695
Essai historique sur la Vie et les Ouvrages de M. Abbadie.
Quatre Lettres sur la Transsubstantiation, Toulouse, 1835
Also published as Chemical Change in the Eucharist, 4to, London, 1867.
Traité de la Vérité de la Religion chrétienne, 2 vols. 8vo, Rotterdam, 1684.
English version 1694 by Henry Lussan
Traité de la Divinité de Nôtre Seigneur Jésus-Christ, Rotterdam, 1689, seventh edition, Amsterdam, 1729.
A Sovereign Antidote against Arian Poyson, 12mo, appeared in London, 1719 (trans)
The Deity of Jesus Christ essential to the Christian Religion, 8vo, London, 1777. ("revised, corrected, and, in a few places, abridged, by Abraham Booth")
L'Art de se connoître soi-même; ou, La Recherche des Sources de la Morale, 8vo, Rotterdam, 1692.
trans. Rev. Thomas Woodcock, The Art of Knowing One-self, 12mo, Oxford, 1694.
Défense de la Nation Britannique, 12mo, La Haye, 1693
(Cotton, Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ, i. 412; Dwyer, Diocese of Killaloe, 8vo, Dublin, 1878)
Histoire de la dernière Conspiration d'Angleterre, 8vo, London, 1696
La Vérité de la Religion Chrétienne Réformée, 2 vols. 8vo, Rotterdam, 1717, second edition 1718
Le Triomphe de la Providence et de la Religion; ou, l'Ouverture des sept Seaux par le Fils de Dieu, où l'on trouvera la première partie de l'Apocalypse clairement expliquée par ce qu'il y a de plus connu dans l'Histoire et de moins contesté dans la Parole de Dieu. Avec une nouvelle et très-sensible Démonstration de la Vérité de la Religion Chrétienne, 4 vols. 12mo, Amsterdam, 1723
Nouvelle Manière de prouver l'Immortalité de l'Ame
Notes sur le Commentaire philosophique de M. Bayle.
Lead: Abbadie, Jacques (1654?–1727), Huguenot pastor in Berlin and London (1680–1699), dean of Killaloe in Ireland (1699–1727),…
MLA (from publisher):
Whelan, Ruth. "Abbadie, Jacques." Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. : Oxford University Press, 2002. Oxford Reference. 2005. Date Accessed 10 May. 2013 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195104301.001.0001/acref-9780195104301-e-001>.
Ehrard, J. L'idée de nature en France dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle. 2d ed. Geneva and Paris, 1981. An insightful survey of ideas of nature and naturalism in eighteenth-century France.
Mauzi, R. L'idée du bonheur dans la littérature et la pensée française au XVIIIe siècle. Paris, 1979.
Mckenna, A. De Pascal à Voltaire: Le rôle des ‘Pensées’ de Pascal dans l'histoire des idées entre 1670 et 1734. Oxford, 1990. A vast survey of the influence of Pascal on subsequent ideas and authors, including Abbadie.
Tocanne, B. L'idée de nature en France dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle. Paris, 1978. A helpful survey of ideas of nature and naturalism in the second half of the seventeenth century in France. For Abbadie, see pp. 265–266.
Whelan, Ruth. Between Two Worlds: The Political Theory of Jacques Abbadie. Lias 14 (1987), 101–117, 143–156. Situates Abbadie's political theory in the context of the Glorious Revolution in England and Ireland.
Whelan, Ruth. Le Dieu d'Abraham et le Dieu des philosophes: Épistémologie et apologétique chez Jacques Abbadie. In Apologétique 1680–1740, edited by M.-C. Pitassi, pp. 59–71. Geneva, 1991. Identifies and studies the ambiguities in Abbadie's epistemology as it relates to apologetics.
Whelan, Ruth. From Christian Apologetics to Enlightened Deism: The Case of Jacques Abbadie. Modern Language Review 87 (1992), 32–40.
Whelan, Ruth. Les Christ de Jacques Abbadie. In Le Christ entre orthodoxie et Lumières, edited by M.-C. Pitassi, pp. 139–162. Geneva, 1994. A study of the changing faces of Christ in Abbadie's religious thought and apologetics.
Lord Colchester’s Diary and Correspondence were published by his son in 1861 (see above)
A selection from Abbot’s speeches on the Roman catholic question appeared in 1828
"His short speeches recorded in the Journals of the House of Commons, thanking admirals and generals for their exploits during the great war… were collected into one volume by Mr. John Rickman, Lord Colchester’s secretary, and published in 1829."
[The fullest accounts of Abbot’s life are to be found in the Biographia Britannica and in Hook’s Lives of the Archbishops. The former was by William Oldys, and was reprinted at Guildford, in a separate volume by Speaker Onslow, a fellow-townsman of Abbot, in 1777. It is full of references to all printed authorities accessible in the eighteenth century. Hook’s Life (1875) attempts to incorporate with the older biography some more recently discovered information, but is only very partially successful; it is disfigured by many errors as to dates and by want of sympathy with Abbot’s position. Hook gave a less elaborate, but more valuable, account of Abbot in his Ecclesiastical Biography, 1845. By far the best account of Abbot is to be found in Mr. S. R. Gardiner’s sketches of him in his History of England. Original authorities for Abbot’s biography are his own papers and works, referred to above, which should be compared with Laud’s diary and Heylin’s Cyprianus Anglicanus, or the Life of Laud, on the other side. Abbot’s will was printed at Guildford by Onslow in 1777. Hearne’s biographical notice in Rawlinson MS. C. 146, f. 386, and Dr. White Kennet’s biographical notes on Abbot in Lansdowne MS. 984, are of very little value. The Domestic State Papers from 1600 to 1633 are full of references to his public and private life, and contain a vast number of his letters. The Rolls of Parliament; Wood’s Athenæ Oxonienses; Strype’s Annals; Winwood’s Memorials; Rymer’s Fœdera; Hacket’s Life of Williams; and the publications of the Camden, Abbotsford, and Bannatyne Societies concerning the reign of James I throw occasional light on Abbot’s life; Nichols’s Progresses is very useful for his relations with the court. It is important to compare the views taken of him in Clarendon’s History, in Fuller’s Church History, and in Neal’s History of the Puritans.]
LEAD: ABBOT, GEORGE (1603–1648), religious writer, has been persistently mistaken for other George Abbots. He is invariably described as a clergyman, which he never was, and as son of Sir Maurice (or Morris) Abbot, who had indeed a son George, but not this George.…
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1 esp. Abbot, George (1603-1648): for 1648 read 1649
LEAD: ABBOT, JOHN, B.D. (fl. 1623), poet, received his education at Sidney College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1606–7, M.A. in 1610, and B.D. in 1617.…
LEAD: ABBOT, Sir MAURICE or MORRIS (1565–1642), an eminent merchant, governor of the East India Company, and lord mayor of London, was the fifth and youngest son of Maurice Abbot, a clothworker of Guildford, and was the brother of George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, and of Robert, bishop of Salisbury [q. v.].
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
Life of Dr. George Abbot, reprinted by Onslow from the Biographia Britannica, with the lives of his two brothers (Guildford, 1777)
Remembrancia of the City of London, 166, 304
W. N. Sainsbury's Colonial State Papers (East Indies, China, Japan), 1600–24
Foster's Collectanea Genealogica, vol. i.
Brayley and Mantell's History of Surrey, i. 392–3
Heywood's Porta Pietatis, edited by F. W. Fairholt, in Percy Society's Publications, x. part ii. pp. 55–78
Calendars of Dom. State Papers, addenda, 1580–1625, and from 1619 to 1639.
Porta (sic) Pietatis, or the Port or Harbour of Piety. Exprest in sundry Triumphes, Pageants, and Showes at the Institution of the Right Honourable Sir Maurice Abbot, knight, into the Mayoralty of the famous and fame renowned city London. Written by Thomas Heywood. London, 1638.
LEAD: ABBOT, ROBERT (1560–1617), bishop of Salisbury, elder brother of George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, was born at Guildford in Surrey, about 1560, and educated at the free school there.
LEAD: ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?), divine, has been strangely confused with others, e.g. with Robert Abbot, bishop of Salisbury, and with one of the humble ‘ejected’ of 1662 (Palmer's Nonconf. Mem. ii. 218); he has also been at different times erroneously separated into a Robert Abbot of Cranbrook, Kent; another of Southwick, Hants; a third of St. Austin's, London (the last being further described as a presbyterian, and as joining in the rebellion); while these were only the successive livings of the same Robert Abbot.
LEAD: ABBOTT, CHARLES, first Lord Tenterden (1762–1832), lord chief justice, was born 7 Oct. 1762, at Canterbury, in a house on the left-hand side of the west entrance to the cathedral. He was, to quote the epitaph which he wrote for his tomb two months before his death, ‘Filius natu minor humillimis sortis parentibus, patre vero prudenti, matre pia ortus,’ that is, he was the second son of a respectable hairdresser and wig-maker, among whose patrons were the clergy of the cathedral.
LEAD: ABBOTT, CHARLES STUART AUBREY, third Lord Tenterden (1834–1882), permanent under-secretary for foreign affairs, was the son of the Hon. Charles Abbott, brother of John Henry, second Lord Tenterden, and was born in London on 26 Dec. 1834.
LEAD: ABBOTT, EDWIN (1808–1882), educational writer, born in London on 1 May 1808, was from 1827 to 1872 head master of the Philological School in Marylebone.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
LEAD: ABBOTT, Lemuel (d. 1776), poetical writer, became curate of Ansty, Leicestershire, in 1756; vicar of Thornton, in the same county, in 1773; and died in April 1776.
LEAD: ABBOTT, LEMUEL (1760–1803), portrait painter, was a son of a clergyman in Leicestershire —— most probably the Rev. Lemuel Abbott, vicar of Thornton [q. v.].
LEAD: ABBOTT, THOMAS EASTOE (1779–1854), poetical writer, was descended from a Suffolk family, and resided for many years at Darlington, where he served many offices of local trust with great credit.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
Lead: (1738–1766), German philosopher. In 1756, after graduating from an academic secondary school (Gymnasium), the highly ...
MLA (from publisher):
Bödeker, Hans Erich. "Abbt, Thomas." Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. : Oxford University Press, 2002. Oxford Reference. 2005. Date Accessed 10 May. 2013 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195104301.001.0001/acref-9780195104301-e-002>.
Lead: (Ulm, 1738–66, Bückeburg),son of a wig-maker, studied at Halle and became in 1760 a professor of philosophy at ...
MLA (from publisher):
"Abbt, Thomas." The Oxford Companion to German Literature. Eds. Garland, Henry, and Mary Garland. : Oxford University Press, 1997. Oxford Reference. 2005. Date Accessed 10 May. 2013 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198158967.001.0001/acref-9780198158967-e-3>.
LEAD: ABDY, EDWARD STRUTT (1791–1846), writer on America, was the fifth and youngest son of Thomas Abdy Abdy, Esq., of Albyns, Essex, by Mary, daughter of James Hayes, of Holliport, a bencher of the Middle Temple.
Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America, from April 1833 to October 1834, 3 vols. Lond. 1835.
The Water Cure. Cases of Disease cured by Cold Water (translated from the German), with remarks addressed to people of common sense. London, 1842, 8vo, being a translation of a pamphlet by Von Falkenstein.
LEAD: ADBY, MARIA (d. 1867), poetess, was daughter of Richard Smith, by a sister of Horace and James Smith [see Smith, Horatio], and wife of the Rev. J. Channing Abdy.
LEAD: À BECKETT, GILBERT ABBOTT (1811–1856), comic writer, was born at the Grange, Haverstock Hill, London, 9 Jan. 1811, being a member of an ancient Wiltshire family which claims direct descent from the father of St. Thomas à Becket, archbishop of Canterbury.
LEAD: À BECKETT, Sir WILLIAM (1806–1869), chief justice of Victoria, was the eldest son of William à Beckett, and brother of Gilbert Abbott à Beckett [q. v.]
The Siege of Dumbarton Castle and other Poems, 1824.
A large number of the biographies in the Georgian Era, 4 vols., 1832–4.
A Universal Biography; including scriptural, classical, and mythological memoirs, together with accounts of many eminent living characters. The whole newly compiled and composed from the most recent and authentic sources, 3 vols., London [1835?], 8vo, "a compilation of little value" according to DNB
The Magistrates' Manual for the Colony of Victoria, Melbourne, 1852.
Out of Harness, London, 1854, containing notes on a tour through Switzerland and Italy.
The Earl's Choice and other Poems, London, 1863.
Legal judgments printed in collections of Reports.
LEAD: ABEL (d. 764), archbishop of Rheims, was a native of Scotland and Benedictine monk. In the early part of the eighth century he left England in company with Boniface, to aid him in his missionary work in Germany, and he did not again return to this country.
LEAD: ABEL, CLARKE (1780–1826), botanist, was born about 1780, educated for the medical profession, and on the occasion of Lord Macartney's mission to China was appointed physician on the staff of his lordship, but by the good offices of Sir Joseph Banks he was nominated naturalist with three assistants.
LEAD: ABEL, JOHN (1577–1674), was a distinguished architect of timber houses. He built the old town halls of Hereford and Leominster; the former destroyed in 1861, the latter in 1858. Both are illustrated by John Clayton in his ‘Ancient Timber Edifices of England,’ fol. 1846.
LEAD: ABELL, THOMAS (d. 1540), catholic martyr, studied at Oxford and took the degree of M.A. in 1516. Nothing else is known of his early life, nor when it was that he entered the service of Katharine of Aragon; but it was certainly before the year 1528, when he received a new year's gift from the king as her chaplain.
LEAD: ABELL, WILLIAM (fl. 1640), alderman of London, was elected alderman of Bread Street ward in 1636. He was a vintner by trade, and in 1637 became sheriff of London and master of the Vintners' Company.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
Catalogue of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum—Political and Personal—vol. i., where full accounts of the broadsides relating to Abell may be found.
"A list of his early papers is given in Raige-Delorme and Dechambre's Dict. Encycl. des sciences médicales."
Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord, Edinburgh, 1828; 2nd edition, enlarged, 1829.
Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Stomach, the Intestinal Canal, the Liver, and the other Viscera of the Abdomen. Edinburgh, 1828.
Inquiries concerning the Intellectual Powers and the Investigation of Truth, Edinburgh, 1830.
The Philosophy of the Moral Feelings, London, 1833.
A collected edition of ‘Essays and Tracts,’ chiefly on moral and religious subjects, Edinburgh, 1847.
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, ALEXANDER, Lord Abercromby (1745–1795), Scotch judge and essayist, fourth and youngest son of George Abercromby, of Tullibody, in Clackmannanshire, was born on 15 Oct. 1745.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
For his services see the Royal Military Calendar, vol. iv., and occasional allusions in the Wellington Despatches
for the battle of Albuera see Napier's Peninsular War, book xii. chaps. 6 and 7, and the discussion which arose on these chapters in the United Service Magazine and published pamphlets.
Nova Medicinæ Praxis (1685), reprinted Paris (1740)
Tuta ac efficax Luis Venereæ, sæpe absque Mercurio ac semper absque Salivatione mercuriali, curandæ Methodus (1684, 8vo), reprinted Paris (1690), Amsterdam (1691), Dresden (1702)
De Variatione et Varietate Pulsus Observationes (London and Paris, 1685)
Ars explorandi Medicas Facultates Plantarum ex solo Sapore (London, 1685–8, 12mo)
Opuscula (1687)
Discourse of Wit (1686)
Academia Scientiarum, or the Academy of Sciences; being a Short and Easie Introduction to the Knowledge of the Liberal Arts and Sciences, with the names of those famous authors that have written on any particular Science. In English and Latine (1687, 12mo)
A Moral Discourse of the Power of Interest; by David Abercromby, M.D. and Fellow of the Colledge of Physicians in Amsterdam (London, 1690, 12mo).
Protestancy to be Embrac'd; or a New and Infallible Method to Reduce Romanists from Popery to Protestancy. A Treatise of great Use to all His Majestie's Subjects, and necessary to prevent Errors and Popery. By David Abercromby, [M.]D., Lately Converted, after he had Profess'd near nineteen years Jesuitism and Popery. London, printed for the author by Thomas Hodgkin, 1682, 12mo; republished as Protestancy proved Safer than Popery (12mo, 1686)
Fur Academicus sive Academia Ornamentis Spoliata a Furibus, qui in Parnasso coram Apolline sistuntur, ubi Criminis sui accusantur et convincuntur Auctore Davide Abercrombio Scoto, M.D. Editio secunda, Amstelod. 1701 (12mo)
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, JAMES, first Baron Dunfermline (1776–1858), third son of General Sir Ralph Abercromby [see Abercromby, Sir Ralph], was born 7 Nov. 1776. He was educated for the English bar, and was called at Lincoln's Inn in 1801, soon after which he obtained a commissionership of bankruptcy.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, JOHN (d. 1561?) , a Scotch monk of the order of St. Benedict, was a staunch opponent of the doctrines of the Reformation, and on that account was condemned to death and executed about the year 1561
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, Sir JOHN (1772–1817), general, was the second son of the famous Sir Ralph Abercromby, and the elder of the two sons who followed their father's profession.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
For General John Abercromby's services in early life see the memoir of his father
for his services in Egypt see Sir R. Wilson's Campaign in Egypt
for the capture of the Mauritius see the despatches in the Annual Register and Gentleman's Magazine, the Asiatic Annual Register, and Lady Minto's Lord Minto in India
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, PATRICK (1656–1716?), Scottish antiquary and historical writer, was the third son of Alexander Abercromby of Fetterneir in Aberdeenshire, a branch of the house of Birkenbog in Banffshire, and which again was a migration from Abercromby of Abercromby in Fifeshire.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
Advantage of the Act of Security compared with those of the intended Union (Edinburgh, 1707)
A Vindication of the Same against Mr. De Foe (Edinburgh, 1707)
translation of M. Beaugué's L'Histoire de la Guerre d'Ecosse (1556), as ‘The History of the Campagnes, 1548 and 1549; being an exact account of the martial expeditions performed in those days by the Scots and French on the one hand, and the English and their foreign auxiliaries on the other; done in French by Mons. Beaugué, a French gentleman; with an introductory preface by the Translator (1707)
Martial Atchievements of the Scots Nation; being an account of the lives, characters, and memorable actions of such Scotsmen as have signaliz'd themselves by the sword at home and abroad; and a survey of the military transactions wherein Scotland or Scotsmen have been remarkably concern'd, from the first Establishment of the Scots Monarchy to this present Time. two folios, vol. i. 1711, vol. ii. 1716.
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, Sir RALPH (1734–1801), the general who shares with Sir John Moore the credit of renewing the ancient discipline and military reputation of the British soldier, was born at Menstry, near Tullibody, in October 1734.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
"The best authority for his life is a short Memoir of his Father by James, Lord Dunfermline, published in 1861"
there are also short biographies in Gleig's Eminent British Military Commanders, vol. iii., and the Royal Military Panorama, vol. iii.
for the campaigns in Flanders see, besides the despatches, Sir H. Calvert's Journal
for the West Indian campaigns see the supplement to Bryan Edwards's History of the West Indies, and the Naval Histories of Brenton and James
for the expedition to Egypt consult Moore's Life of Sir John Moore, the various contemporary journals and magazines, and more particularly Sir Robert Wilson's Expedition to Egypt.
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, ROBERT (1534–1613), a Scotch Jesuit, who, after entering the order, spent twenty-three years in assisting catholics abroad, and nineteen years on the Scotch mission, where he suffered imprisonment.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.1
LEAD: ABERCROMBY, Sir ROBERT (1740–1827), military commander, was born at Tullibody, his father's seat in Scotland, in 1740, and was a younger brother of the more famous Sir Ralph.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
a private letter of the governor-general, Sir John Shore: "My respect for Sir Robert Abercromby has increased with my knowledge of his character. What he was at Bombay I know not; he has been here mild, conciliatory, and unassuming from the first, and it is only justice to him to declare that a more honourable, upright, and zealous man never served the company. I assure you with great truth that I have ever found him anxious to promote the public good, either by his own efforts or those of others. I certainly do not think his abilities equal to his situation, and there are few men who have abilities equal to it; but I believe that his have been under-estimated, and that his greatest fault is his good nature. He will retire with a very moderate fortune, for money was never his object: he thinks too little of it."
LEAD: ABERNETHY, JOHN (1680–1740), Irish dissenting clergyman, was born at Coleraine, co. Londonderry, Ulster, on 19 Oct. 1680. His father was then presbyterian minister there. His mother was a daughter of Walkinshaw of Walkinshaw, Renfrewshire, Scotland.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
LEAD: ABERNETHY, JOHN (1764–1831), an eminent surgeon, was born in London 3 April 1764, the son of John Abernethy, a London merchant belonging to an Irish family of Scotch extraction, whose father and grandfather, both of the same name, were Irish nonconformist divines, the second in descent especially being of some eminence.
three short papers on anatomical subjects in the Philosophical Transactions from 1793 to 1798.
in Surgical Observations, part ii. (1806)
in Surgical Works, vol. i. (1811)
Surgical and Physiological Essays. Part i. On Lumbar Abscess, &c., 1793; Part ii. On Matter perspired, &c., by the Skin, 1793; Part iii. Injuries of the Head, &c., 1797.
Surgical Observations on Tumours, &c., 1804. Part ii. Disorders of the Digestive Organs, &c., 1806.
Surgical Works (containing the surgical papers of the above, with additions), 2 vols. 1811, and later.
Account of Disease in the Upper Maxillary Sinus (Transactions of Society for Improvement of Medical and Surgical Knowledge, 1800).
An Inquiry into Mr. Hunter's Theory of Life, 1814.
Physiological Lectures, 1817.
Introductory Lecture exhibiting Mr. Hunter's Opinions respecting Life and Disease, 1819.
The Hunterian Oration, 1819, 4to.
Reflections on Gall and Spurzheim's System of Physiognomy and Phrenology, 1821.
Lectures on Surgery, 1830; also in Lancet, 1824–5; reprinted 1828. (All the above, except three early physiological papers, are included in the Works, 4 vols. 1830.)
Three Memoirs in Philosophical Transactions:On Two Malformations, 1793; On Anatomy of the Whale, 1796; On the Foramina Thebesii, 1798.
Memoir on a Case of Heart-disease in Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. i. 1806.
LEAD: ABERSHAW or AVERSHAWE, LOUIS JEREMIAH (1773?–1795), generally known as Jerry Abershaw, was a notorious highwayman, and was for many years the terror of the roads between London, Kingston, and Wimbledon.
LEAD: ABINGTON, FRANCES (1737–1815), actress, was of obscure origin. Her maiden name was Frances or Fanny Barton. Of her mother she knew nothing; her father, having served as a private soldier in the King's Guards, kept a cobbler's stall in Vinegar Yard; her brother was an ostler in Hanway Yard. After she had risen to fame and prosperity, her descent was traced to a certain Christopher Barton, Esq., of Norton, Derbyshire, who at the accession of William III left four sons, a colonel, a ranger of one of the royal parks, a prebendary of Westminster, and the grandfather of Frances Barton.
LEAD: ABNEY, Sir THOMAS (1640–1722), lord mayor of London, was born in January 1639–40 at Willesley, Derbyshire, where his ancestors had enjoyed an estate for upwards of five hundred years, now, with Willesley Hall, in the possession of Charles Edward Abney-Hastings, earl of Loudoun.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
LEAD: ABNEY, Sir THOMAS (d. 1750), justice of the common pleas, was the younger son of Sir Edward Abney (elder brother of Sir Thomas Abney [q. v.], lord mayor of London), by his second wife, Judith, daughter and co-heir of Peter Barr, of London.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p. 2
LEAD: ABRAHAM, ROBERT (1773–1850), a London architect, was the son of a builder, and educated as a surveyor. At the conclusion of the war in 1815, when an impetus was given to architecture by Nash in his projected plans for the improvement of the metropolis, Abraham placed himself in a high position as an architect.
LEAD: ACCA (d. 740), fifth bishop of Hexham (709–732), was a native of Northumbria, and was brought up from childhood in the household of Bosa, who was made bishop of York in 678 in the place of Wilfrid.
LEAD: ACCUM, FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN (1769–1838), chemist, was born in Buckebourg, in Westphalia, in 1769. In 1793 he came to London, and engaged in some science work, which led to the delivery of a course of lectures on chemistry and physics in 1803 at the Surrey Institute, and to the publication in that and the following years of several treatises on chemistry and mineralogy, including a ‘System of Chemistry’ in 1803, an ‘Essay on the Analysis of Minerals’ in 1804, and a ‘Manual of Analytical Mineralogy’ in 1808.
LEAD: ACHERLEY, ROGER (1665?–1740), lawyer, constitutional writer, and politician, was the son and heir of John Acherley of Stanwardine, or Stottesden, Shropshire, where he was the representative of a long-established family. Roger was admitted a student of the Inner Temple on 6 March 1685, and called to the bar on 24 May 1691 (Inner Temple Register).
The Britannic Constitution; or, the Fundamental Form of Government in Britain, fol. London, 1727
a second edition, issued in 1759, incorporated ‘Reasons for Uniformity in the State, being a Supplement to the Britannic Constitution,’ which first appeared in 1741.
Free Parliaments; or, an Argument on their Constitution: proving some of their powers to be independent. To which is added an Appendix containing several original Letters and Papers which passed between the Court of Hanover and a gentleman at London, in the years 1713 and 1714, touching the right of the Duke of Cambridge to reside in England and sit in Parliament. By the author of the Britannic Constitution,8vo, London, 1731
(anonymous) ‘The Jurisdiction of the Chancery as a Court of Equity researched,’ 8vo, London, 1733, third edition, 1736.
LEAD: ACKERMANN, RUDOLPH (1764–1834), fine-art publisher and bookseller, was born 20 April 1764, at Stolberg in Saxony. His father, a coach-builder and harness-maker, removed in 1775 to Schneeberg, where Rudolph received his education and entered his father's workshop.
see A short Account of the successful Exertions [of R. Ackermann] on behalf of the Fatherless and Widows after the War in 1814, Oxf. priv. pr. 1871, 16mo
"A list of his numerous fine-art publications is contained in the two excellent articles by W[yatt] P[apworth] in ‘Notes and Queries’ for 1869"
A complete Course of Lithography, by J. A. Senefelder, translated from the German by A. S[chlichtegroll], 4to, was issued in 1819 by Ackermann
‘Dr. Syntax's Tour in search of the Picturesque’ first appeared in Ackermann's ‘Poetical Magazine,’ 1809–11, under the title of the ‘Schoolmaster's Tour.’
‘The Microcosm of London,’ 1808–11, 3 vols. 4to; ‘Westminster Abbey,’ 1812, 2 vols. 4to; ‘University of Oxford,’ 1814, 2 vols. 4to; ‘University of Cambridge,’ 1815, 2 vols. 4to; ‘Colleges of Winchester, Eton, Westminster, &c.,’ 1816, 4to. W. H. Pyne and William Combe supplied the text for these antiquarian works, the plates being drawn by A. Pugin, Rowlandson, Nash, and others.
His remarkable series of ‘Picturesque Tours’ in elephant 4to includes ‘The Rhine,’ by J. G. von Gerning, 1820; ‘Buenos Aires and Monte Video,’ by Vidal, 1820; ‘English Lakes,’ by Fielding and Walton, 1821; ‘The Seine,’ by Pugin and Gendall, 1821; ‘The Ganges and Jumna,’ by C. R. Forrest, 1824; ‘India,’ by R. M. Grindlay (atlas folio), 1826; and ‘The Thames,’ by Westall and Owen, 1828. The ‘World in Miniature,’ 43 vols. 12mo, 637 plates, was commenced in 1821 by T. Rowlandson, and finished in 1826 by W. H. Pyne.
LEAD: ACLAND, Lady CHRISTIAN HENRIETTA CAROLINE, generally called Lady Harriet (1750-1815), was the third surviving daughter of Stephen, first earl of Ilchester, and was born on 3 Jan. 1749-50. In Nov. 1770 she was married, at Redlynch Park, Somersetshire, to John Dyke Acland [see Acland, John Dyke].
LEAD: ACLAND, Sir JOHN (d. 1613), was the second son of John Acland, of Acland in Landkey, Devonshire, who married Mary, daughter and coheir of Hugh Redcliff of Stepney.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
LEAD: ACLAND, JOHN (fl. 1753–1796), author of a pamphlet on pauperism, was the second son of John Acland, of Woodly, Yorkshire, M.P. for Callington, and the younger brother of Sir Hugh Acland, sixth baronet of Columb-John, co. Devon.
A Plan for rendering the Poor independent on Public Contributions, founded on the basis of the Friendly Societies, commonly called Clubs, by the Rev. John Acland, one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Devon. To which is added a Letter from Dr. Price containing his sentiments and calculations on the subject. Tua res agitur. Exeter and London, 1786.
Of a second pamphlet by Acland, in refutation of Edward King's attempt to prove the public utility of the national debt, the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for November 1796 contains a brief and approving notice. There is no copy of this pamphlet in the library of the British Museum.
LEAD: ACLAND, JOHN DYKE (d, 1778), soldier and politician, was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Acland, who married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Dyke of Tetton, in Somerset.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
LEAD: ACLAND, Sir THOMAS DYKE (1787–1871), politician and philanthropist, was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, who married the only daughter of Sir Richard Hoare, and was born in London on 29 March, 1787.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
LEAD: ACLAND, Sir WROTH PALMER, K.C.B. (1770–1816), lieutenant-general, was son of Arthur Palmer Acland, of Fairfield, and nephew of Sir Thomas Acland, Bart., and entered the army in 1787 as ensign in the 17th regiment.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
LEAD: ACONTIUS, JACOBUS, latinized from Aconzio, Aconcio, or Concio, Jacopo (1500?–1566?), jurist, philosopher, theologian, and engineer, was born at Trent in the Tyrol about the beginning of the sixteenth century.
‘J. Acontius de Methodo, h. e. de recta investigandarum tradendarumque scientiarum ratione,’ Basileæ, ap. P. Pernam, 1558. First edition, reprinted at Geneva in 1582 ap. Eustathium Vignon, ‘multo quam antea castigatius;’ again at Lugd. Bat. 1617, sm. 8vo, and in G. J. Vossii et aliorum de studiorum ratione opuscula,’ Ultraj. 1651, sm. 8vo.
‘Satanæ Stratagemata libri octo, J. Acontio authore, accessit eruditissima epistola de ratione edendorum librorum ad Johannem Vuolfium Tigurinum eodem authore,’ Basileæ, ap. P. Pernam, 1565, 4to. The genuine first edition, of extreme rarity. Bibliographers are unaware of the existence of two editions of this year. The one usually quoted is in smaller type, and is entitled ‘Stratagematum Satanæ libri octo,’ &c. Basileæ, ap. P. Pernam, 1665, sm. 8vo. Reprinted Basileæ, 1582, 8vo, and ‘curante Jac. Grassero,’ ib. 1610, 8vo, ib. ap. Waldkirchium, 1616, ib. 1618, ib. 1620, Amst. 1624, Oxon. G. Webb, 1631, sm. 8vo, Lond. 1648, Oxon. 1650, Amst. Jo. Ravenstein, 1652, sm. 8vo, ib. 1674, sm. 8vo, Neomagi, A. ab. Hoogenhuyse, 1661, sm. 8vo. The French translation is ‘Les Ruses de Satan receuillies et comprinses en huit liures,’ Basle, P. Perne, 1565, 4to; printed with the same type as the first Latin 4to, wanting the ‘Ep. ad Wolfium’ and the index. The first issue of the English translation is called ‘Satan's Stratagems, or the Devil's Cabinet-Council discovered . . . together with an epistle written by Mr. John Goodwin and Mr. Durie's letter concerning the same,’ London, J. Macock, sold by J. Hancock, 1648, 4to. The date of Thomason's copy (British Museum) has been altered by him to 1647; he purchased it on 14 Feb. The translator announces that if the work found favour he would finish it, but only the first four books were published. There are three dedications — one to the parliament, one to Fairfax and Cromwell, and one to John Warner, lord mayor. The stock seems to have been sold to W. Ley, who issued it with a new title, ‘Darkness Discovered, or the Devil's Secret Stratagems laid open,’ &c., London, J. M. 1651, 4to, with a doubtfully authentic etching of ‘James Acontius, a Reverend Diuine.’ Thomason dated his copy July 7. A German translation came out at Bâle in 1647, sm. 8vo, and a Dutch version, Amst. 1662, 12mo.
‘Eruditissima epistola de ratione edendorum librorum ad Johannem Vuolfium Tigurinum.’ Dated Londini, 12 kal. Dec. 1562, first published in the Latin ‘Stratagemata’ 1565, and to be found in the subsequent editions, but in none of the translations; printed separately Chemnitz, Mauke, 1791, 8vo.
‘Una essortazione al Timor di Dio, con alcune rime italiane, nuovamente messe in luce [da G. B. Castiglione],’ Londra, appresso Geo. Wolfio, s.a., 8vo. Dedicated to Elizabeth. Chaufepié is the only person who seems to have seen this very rare little piece. The printer learnt his art in Italy. He worked between 1579 and 1600, and brought out many Italian books.
‘Epistola apologetica pro Hadr. Haemstadio et pro seipso.’ Written in 1562 or 1563, says Gerdes, who reprinted it (Scrinium Antiquarium, vii. part i. 123) from the archives of the Dutch church, now in the Guildhall library; contains much information respecting Hamstedius, the Dutch church, and the writer.
‘Epistola . . . Londini 8 idus Junii, 1566.’ Reproduced from the archives of the Dutch church by Crussius (Crenii Animadv. ii. 131). It is not known to whom the letter was addressed.
‘Ars muniendorun oppidorum.’ Acontius refers to this in his ‘Ep. ad Wolfium’ as having been first written in Italian and afterwards translated into Latin while in England. Mazzuchelli says, ‘Ital. et Lat. Genevæ, 1585,’ but no such book can be traced.
A manuscript on the use and study of history, written in Italian, and presented by Acontius to the Earl of Leicester in August 1564, is preserved at the Record Office. It is not spoken of by any of the authorities, although made use of in the following interesting little octavo volume, dedicated to the Earl of Leicester: ‘The true order and methode of wryting and reading hystories, according to the precepts of Francesco Patricio and Accontio Tridentino, by Thomas Blundevil,’ Lond. W. Seres, 1574. The compiler states that he ‘gathered his work partly out of a little written treatyse, which myne olde friende of good memorie, Accontio, did not many yeares since present to your Honour in the Italian tongue.’
‘Liber de Dialectica.’ An unfinished work with this title is referred to in the ‘Epistola ad Wolfium,’ with the remark that the world was soon to enter upon a much more enlightened era.
LEAD: ACTON, CHARLES JANUARIUS EDWARD (1803–1847), cardinal, was the second son of Sir John Francis Acton, the sixth baronet, of Aldenham Hall, near Bridgnorth, Shropshire, by his marriage (for which a papal dispensation had been obtained) with Mary Anne, daughter of his brother, Joseph Edward Acton, a lieutenant-general in the service of the Two Sicilies, and governor of Gaeta.
Card. Wiseman's Recollections of the last four Popes (1858), 475–480
Ferdinando Amarante, Sonnetti dedicati a Miledi Marianna Acton, madre del Cardinale; British Catholicity, its Position and Wants, addressed to Cardinal Acton (Edinb. 1844)
Gent. Mag. N. S. xxviii. 670
Foster's Peerage (1881), 9
Lodge's Genealogy of the Peerage and Baronetage (1859), 592
LEAD: ACTON, EDWARD (d. 1707), captain in the navy, presumably a grandson of Sir Edward Acton, the first baronet, attained that rank in October 1694, and continued in active service through the war that was then raging.
LEAD: ACTON, ELIZA (1799–1859), authoress, daughter of John Acton, brewer, of Hastings, afterwards of Ipswich, Suffolk, was born at Battle, Sussex, 17 April, 1799.
by subscription, a volume of poems, at Ipswich, in 1826
A second edition, again of 500 copies and by subscription, was published in 1827.
1835 Miss Acton contributed a poem, ‘The Two Portraits,’ anonymously, to the ‘Sudbury Pocket Book.’
1836, in the same annual, she published ‘Original Poetry by Miss Acton, author of the “Two Portraits.”’
1838 she published the ‘Chronicles of Castel-Framlingham’ in ‘Fulcher's Sudbury Journal.’
1842 she published another poem, ‘The Voice of the North,’
1845, after further fugitive poems, Miss Acton had completed the popular work, ‘Modern Cookery,’ with which she is chiefly associated; a second and a third edition of it were called for the same year; a fourth and fifth in 1846; with numerous editions in successive years.
In May 1857 she brought out her last work, ‘The English Bread-Book,’ treating of the various ways of making bread, and of the constituent parts of various bread-stuffs.
LEAD: ADAM, ROBERT (1728-1792) architect, was the most celebrated of the four brothers Adam, John, Robert, James, and William, whose relationship is commemorated in the name Adelphi, given to the buildings erected by them between the Strand and the Thames on an estate known before as Durham Yard.
Errata: Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.2
his journal was printed in the ‘Library of the Fine Arts' (of a 1754 trip to Diocletions Palace)
in 1764 he published a folio volume with numerous engravings by Bartolozzi and others, after his drawings of the palace.
In 1773 the brothers Robert and James commenced the publication of their ‘Works in Architecture,’ in folio parts, which was continued at intervals till 1778 and reached the end of the second volume. In 1822 the work was completed by the posthumous publication of a third volume, but the three bound up together do not make a thick book.
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2 ed.)
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture [ADALA 1]
Lead: Adam, Robert (b Kirkcaldy, Fife, 3 July 1728; d London, 3 March 1792).Architect and designer, second…
MLA (from publisher):
"Adam, Robert." The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. Ed. Campbell, Gordon. : Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford Reference. 2006. Date Accessed 10 May. 2013 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195189483.001.0001/acref-9780195189483-e-0011>.
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Lead: Addison, Joseph (1672–1719) Joseph Addison was born in Milston, Wiltshire on 1 May 1672 and died in London on 17 June 1719.…
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