User:Sanfy/Sandbox

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Traditions[edit]

Many Indian customs and traditions persist among the Goan Catholics, which are more conspicuous during their marriage festivities.[1]

Traditionally, as in other Indian communities, arranged marriages were the norm.[2] Pre-marriage traditions include Soirik (matrimonial alliance)[3], Utor (promise of marriage)[4], Mudi (engagement ceremony)[5], Amontron (wedding invitation), Porcond (bridal shower)[6], Chuddo (glass bangles) ceremony wherein the bride's forearms are adorned with colourful glass bangles of green, yellow, and red which are symbolic of fertility and married life[7][8][9], Saddo (red or pink dress) ceremony of cutting and sewing the bridal dress[10][11], the bridegroom's Hair-cutting ritual[12], and Bhuim jevon (a ritual meal in honour of the ancestors)[13] or Bhikream jevon (a meal for the poor or beggars).[14][15] Dennem (trousseau) is sent to the groom's house the day before the wedding.[16]

The Ros (anointing) ceremony held on the evening before the wedding involves the parents, relatives, and friends blessing the soon-to-be-wed couple before they begin their married life.[17] It is conducted at the bride's and bridegroom's respective homes, who along with their bridesmaids and best men are ceremonially bathed with Apros (first extract of coconut milk).[18] The bridegroom's/bride's mother dabs her thumb in coconut oil and anoints her son's/daughter's forehead by placing the sign of the cross on it. Special commemorative songs called Zoti are sung for the occasion.[19] On the wedding day, the bridal couple receive Besanv (Benediction) ceremoniously from their parents and elders before the families leave their individual homes for the church to celebrate the Resper (Nuptial Mass) which is followed by the wedding reception later in the evening.[20]

Traditions post the reception include Hatant dinvcheak (handing over) the bride solemnly by the father or the guardian of the bride to the groom's family[21], Shim (boundary) ritual which involves crossing an imaginary boundary created by pouring liquor on the ground as the Vor (bridal party) prepare to leave for the groom's house. After the ritual, one or two relatives from the bride's side formally invite the newlyweds to the bride's home for a celebration the next day. This is known as Apovnnem (invitation) in Konkani and the occasion is called Portovnnem (ceremonial return).[22]

Older[edit]

As in other Indian communities, [[arranged marriage]]s were the norm.<ref>Gomes 1987, p. 126</ref> Pre-marriage Indian traditions include ''Soirik korunk'' ([[betrothal]])<ref>Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, §Marriage p. 213</ref>, ''Chuddo'' ceremony<ref>Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, §The Bangle Wearing Ceremony p. 214</ref> wherein the bride's hands are adorned with colourful glass bangles (''Chuddo'') of green, yellow, and red which are symbolic of fertility and marital life,<ref>Michigan State University 1983, p. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=al5OAAAAYAAJ&q=chuddo+ceremony+goa&dq=chuddo+ceremony+goa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSrt-crf3lAhWk4HMBHQ0aAP04ChDoATAAegQIARAD 160]</ref><ref>da Silva Gracias 1996, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TbZaZw216gMC&lpg=PA62&dq=Chuddo&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q=&f=false 56]</ref> ''Saddo'' ceremony of cutting and sewing the crimson bridal dress (''Saddo'')<ref>Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, §Saddo Ceremony p. 215</ref><ref>Gomes 1987, p. 137</ref>, Hair-cutting ritual<ref>Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, §The Hair Cutting Ritual p. 215</ref>, and ''Bhuim jevon'' (a ritual meal in honour of the ancestors)<ref>Thapar 2004, p. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Eo4MAQAAMAAJ&q=bhuim+jevon&dq=bhuim+jevon&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA5ZOOqf3lAhXaXSsKHV-2A7YQ6AEIKjAA 1032]</ref> or ''Bhikream jevon'' (a meal for the poor or beggars)<ref>Gomes 1087, p. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CHsiAAAAMAAJ&dq=beggar%27s+lunch&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=bhikream+jevon 140]</ref> are other traditions that precede the wedding.<ref>De Sousa 2007, p. 57</ref> The ''Ros'' (anointing) ceremony is of primary importance.<ref>Lynch 2015, [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yxIhCwAAQBAJ&dq=ros+ceremony+goa&q=ros+roce#v=snippet&q=ros%20roce&f=false Chpt 9 My Marriage in Goa]</ref> It is held on the eve of the wedding and involves the parents, relatives, and friends asking for God's favour on the bride and bridegroom before they begin their married life.<ref name="RosM"> Mascarenhas 2014</ref> It is conducted at the bride and groom's respective homes, who along with their bridesmaids and best men are ceremonially bathed with ''Apros'' (first extract of [[coconut milk]]).<ref>Goa University 2001, p. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M15uAAAAMAAJ&q=ros+goa&dq=ros+goa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDy5n1ivzlAhURWX0KHXIFDKUQ6AEIVjAG 188]</ref> The mother dabs her thumb in [[coconut oil]] and anoints her soon-to-be-married son's/daughter's forehead by placing the [[sign of the cross]] on it. Special commemorative songs called ''Zoti'' are sung for the occasion. The guests are served ''Sojje'' and partake of the ''Rosachem jevon'' (''Ros'' dinner) at the end of the function.<ref name="RosD">Dias 2017</ref> The ''Resper'' ([[Marriage in the Catholic Church|Nuptial Mass]])<ref>Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, §Wedding Ceremony p. 216</ref> ''Vor'' (bridal party) Traditions post the reception include the ''Hatant dinvcheak'' (handing over) giving away the bride formally by the father or the guardian of the bride, ''Shim'' (boundary) ritual which involves crossing an imaginary boundary created by pouring liquor on the ground in the form of a straight line while the bridal pair leaves for the in-law's house. The ''Apovnnem'' (invitation) and ''Portovnnem'' (ceremonial return) tradition is followed the next day wherein the bride dressed in her ''Saddo'' (crimson bridal apparel) visits her parents along with her husband for a family supper.<ref>Gajrani 2004, pp. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sP091bSPZ04C&dq=chuddo+ceremony+goa&q=shim+wedding+ceremony#v=snippet&q=shim%20wedding%20ceremony&f=false 99–100]</ref>

Oldest[edit]

Many Indian customs and traditions persist among the Goan Catholics, which are more conspicuous during their marriage festivities.<ref> {{harvnb|Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: District Gazetteer, v.|1979|p=238|Ref=gaz}} </ref> As in other Indian communities, [[arranged marriage]]s were the norm.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=E7Qrc4Z-ZdAC&pg=PA215&dq=chuddo+ceremony+goa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiyr_P68bLlAhXI8HMBHXdHCFsQ6AEIPDAD#v=onepage&q=chuddo%20ceremony%20goa&f=true</ref> Pre-marriage Indian traditions include ''Soirik korunk'' ([[betrothal]]) which is sealed by the ''Utor'' (promise) to keep the matrimonial alliance made by the betrothed pair's parents who then perform their children's ''Mudi'' ([[engagement ring]]) wearing ceremony, and soon after the ''Amontron'' ([[wedding invitation]]) cards are distributed to kith and kin in person. The ''Saddo'' (red dress) ceremony of cutting and sewing the crimson bridal dress,<ref>{{harvnb|Gomes|1987|p=137}}</ref> ''Chuddo'' (glass [[bangle]]s) ceremony wherein the bride's hands are adorned with colourful glass bangles of green, yellow, and red which are symbolic of fertility and marital life,<ref>{{harvnb|da Silva Gracias|1996|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TbZaZw216gMC&lpg=PA62&dq=Chuddo&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q=&f=false 56]}}</ref> and ''Bhuim jevonn'' (a ritual meal in honour of the ancestors) or ''Bikariam jevonn'' (a meal for the poor or beggars) are other traditions that precede the wedding.<ref>{{harvnb|De Sousa|2007|p=57}}</ref> The ''Ros'' (anointing) ceremony is of primary importance.<ref>Goa (India : State). Directorate of Archives and Archaeology, Goa University (2001) ''Goa in the Indian Sub-continent: Seminar Papers''. Directorate of Archives and Archaeology, Government of Goa. [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M15uAAAAMAAJ&q=ros+goa&dq=ros+goa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDy5n1ivzlAhURWX0KHXIFDKUQ6AEIVjAG p. 188]</ref> It is held on the eve of the wedding and involves the parents, relatives, and friends asking for God's favour on the bride and bridegroom before they begin their married life.<ref name="RosM"> {{cite news | title = I do it my way | last = Mascarenhas | first = Valencia | date = 24 August 2014 | work = Times News Network | url = https://m.timesofindia.com/city/goa/I-do-it-my-way/articleshow/40821758.cms | publisher = [[The Times Group]] | access-date = 23 October 2019 }} </ref> It is conducted at the bride and groom's respective homes, who along with their bridesmaids and best men are ceremonially bathed with ''ros'' ([[coconut milk]]). The mother dabs her thumb in [[coconut oil]] and anoints her soon-to-be-married son's/daughter's forehead by placing the [[sign of the cross]] on it. Special commemorative songs called ''Zoti'' are sung for the occasion. The guests are served ''atoll'' (jaggery pudding) and partake of the ''Rosachem jevonn'' (''Ros'' dinner) at the end of the function.<ref name="RosD"> {{cite news | title = Going ‘nuts’ before the wedding | last = Dias | first = Nisser | date = 29 January 2017 | work = Times News Network | url = https://m.timesofindia.com/city/goa/going-nuts-before-the-wedding/amp_articleshow/56839125.cms | publisher = [[The Times Group]] | access-date = 23 October 2019 }} </ref> On the wedding day, as a symbol of parental affection the bride and groom's parents give them their ''Besanv'' (blessing) before they leave their individual homes for the church. The bride and groom receive the benediction by joining the palms of their hands reverently while their parents make the sign of the cross over them accompanied by a short prayer.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=diISslZgIAkC&pg=PA308&dq=ros+ceremony+goa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLhfna8bLlAhXt63MBHQp7DEUQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=ros%20ceremony%20goa&f=true</ref> The ''Resper'' ([[Marriage in the Catholic Church|Nuptial Mass]]) is usually celebrated in the late afternoon and officially completes the ''Kazar'' (wedding ceremony). ''Vor'' (wedding reception) is organised in the evening wherein ''Saud'' (wedding toast) is raised for the newlyweds accompanied with the ''Saudichem Kantar'' (song) and cutting of the wedding cake.<ref name="grac62"/> Traditions post the reception include the ''Oopsun'' (giving away the bride formally by the father or the guardian of the bride), ''Xim'' (pronounced ''Sheem'' lit. boundary) ritual which involves crossing an imaginary boundary created by pouring liquor on the ground in the form of a straight line while the bridal pair leaves for the in-law's house. The ritual is meant to appease the territorial spirits who might cause harm to the couple. It is considered a bad omen for the newlyweds to look behind after walking past the line.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8DgoAAAAMAAJ&q=chuddo+ceremony+goa&dq=chuddo+ceremony+goa&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiyr_P68bLlAhXI8HMBHXdHCFsQ6AEIVTAH</ref> The ''Apovnem'' (lit. summoning) or ''Portonnem'' (invitation to the bride's house) tradition is followed the next day wherein the bride dressed in her ''Saddo'' (crimson bridal apparel) visits her parents along with her husband for a family supper.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sP091bSPZ04C&dq=chuddo+ceremony+goa&q=shim+wedding+ceremony#v=snippet&q=shim%20wedding%20ceremony&f=false</ref>

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ Borges, Pereira & Stubbe 2000, p. 307–309
  2. ^ Gomes 1987, p. 126
  3. ^ Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, p. 213
  4. ^ Gomes 1987, pp. 128, 411
  5. ^ Gajarani 2004, p. 94
  6. ^ da costa 2004, p. 157
  7. ^ Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, p. 214
  8. ^ Michigan State University 1983, p. 160
  9. ^ da Silva Gracias 1996, p. 56
  10. ^ Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, p. 215
  11. ^ Gomes 1987, p. 137
  12. ^ Gajarani 2004, p. 97–98
  13. ^ Thapar 2004, p. 1032
  14. ^ Gomes 1087, p. 140
  15. ^ De Sousa 2007, p. 57
  16. ^ da Silva Gracias 1996, p. 62
  17. ^ Mascarenhas, Valencia (24 August 2014). "I do it my way". Times News Network. The Times Group. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  18. ^ Goa University 2001, p. 188
  19. ^ Dias, Nisser (29 January 2017). "Going 'nuts' before the wedding". Times News Network. The Times Group. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  20. ^ Bhatt & Bhargava 2006, p. 216
  21. ^ de Braganza Pereira 2008, p. Marriage
  22. ^ Gajrani 2004, pp. 99–100

References[edit]

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