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Positive distinctiveness

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A key assumption in social identity theory is that individuals are intrinsically motivated to achieve positive distinctiveness. That is, individuals “strive for a positive self-concept”.[1][2] As individuals to varying degrees may be defined and informed by their respective social identities (as per the interpersonal-intergroup continuum) it is further derived in social identity theory that “individuals strive to achieve or to maintain positive social identity”.[1] It should be noted that the precise nature of this strive for positive self-concept is a matter of debate (see the self-esteem hypothesis).[3][4][5]

Both the interpersonal-intergroup continuum and the assumption of positive distinctiveness motivation arose as outcomes of the findings of minimal group studies.[6] In particular, it was found that under certain conditions individuals would endorse resource distributions that would maximize the positive distinctiveness of an ingroup in contrast to an outgroup at the expense of personal self-interest.[7]

The “black is beautiful” movement and the associated African American embrace of African hairdos (like afros), culture, traditions, and music was provided by Tafjel and colleagues as an example of the cognitive creativity of low-status groups in the face of stable intergroup relations.[1][8][9][10]

A key assumption in social identity theory is that individuals are intrinsically motivated to achieve positive distinctiveness. That is, individuals seek to achieve positive self-esteem by positively differentiating their ingroup from a comparison outgroup on some valued dimension [11]. In addition, these valued dimensions, or domains, are asserted by groups to ensure a "distinct" group identity [12] [13] As individuals to varying degrees may be defined and informed by their respective social identities (as per the interpersonal-intergroup continuum) it is further derived in social identity theory that “individuals strive to achieve or to maintain positive social identity”.[1] It should be noted that the precise nature of this strive for positive self-concept is a matter of debate (see the self-esteem hypothesis).[3][4][5]

Both the interpersonal-intergroup continuum and the assumption of positive distinctiveness motivation arose as outcomes of the findings of minimal group studies.[2] In particular, it was found that under certain conditions individuals would endorse resource distributions that would maximize the positive distinctiveness of an ingroup in contrast to an outgroup at the expense of personal self-interest.[16]

  1. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Tajfel & Turner (1979). was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Haslam, A. S. (2001). p 26-57 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Turner (1999) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Turner & Reynolds (2001) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Long & Spears (1997) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Turner & Reynolds (2010). was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Turner, J. C. (1978). H, Tajfel (ed.). "Social categorization and social discrimination in the minimal group paradigm". Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. London: Academic Press: 235–250.
  8. ^ Tajfel, H. (1978). Tajfel, H. (ed.). "The achievement of group differentiation". Differentiation between groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. London: Academic Press: 77–100.
  9. ^ Tajfel, H. (1974). "Social identity and intergroup behavior". Social Science Information. 13 (2): 65–93. doi:10.1177/053901847401300204.
  10. ^ Miller, D. (1983). Children and race. Sage publications.
  11. ^ http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20Clusters/Interpersonal%20Communication%20and%20Relations/Social_Identity_Theory/
  12. ^ http://psych.cf.ac.uk/home2/manstead/2001_J,%20S,%20M,%202001,%20EJSP,%2031,%20p621.pdf
  13. ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3852744/
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