User:TagaworShah/Commagene

Foltz, Richard (2016). Bonnie G. Smith (ed.). Iran in World History. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 31. ISBN 9780199335503.[1]

Nemrud in southeastern Anatolia, built by an Armenian king of the Commagene dynasty during the first century bce

Philippa Adrych, Robert Bracey, Dominic Dalglish, Stefanie Lenk, Rachel Wood. Jaś Elsner (ed.). Images of Mithra. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192511119.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)[2]

He was a man of Orontid Armenian descent, a family that traced their line back to the fifthcentury BC emperor Darius I, thus claiming both Armenian and Persian Achaemenid origins.

Brijder, Herman A.G. (ed.) (2014), Nemrud Dağı: Recent Archaeological Research and Conservation Activities in the Tomb Sanctuary on Mount Nemrud. Walter de Gruyter, Boston/Berlin, ISBN 978-1-61451-713-9.

The composed Greek and Persian names of the deities are intentionally chosen by Antiochus, just like the mixed lineage of Persian-Achaemenid/Armenian, on the one hand, and Macedonian/Seleucid ancestors, on the other.

it should be noted that King Antiochus himself followed the b2 type of Armenian kings in his images…

Nathanael J. Andrade (2013). Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 73. ISBN 9781107012059.

….they [Kings of Commagene] claimed descent from an Armenian satrapal and royal family called the Orontids and, by extension, the Persian Achaemenids. They also framed themselves as legitimate monarchs by adopting, adapting, and interweaving idioms of Greek, Persian, Armenian, and Syro-Hittite origin. Antiochus especially did so. As king, he even wore both an Armenian tiara and (subsequently) a Greek diadem.

Greek, Persian, and Armenian ancestry[Synthesis of above quote provided on page 397]

Mack Chahin (2013). The Kingdom of Armenia: New Edition. Vol. 2. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781136852503. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

He is best known from the great burial ground which he built on the summit of Nimrud Dagh embellished by giant marble statues of seated gods and heroes. Inscriptions discovered there opened up an important era of Armenian history since Ervand-Orontes I; showing also the Armenian-Achaemenid origin of Antiochus of Commagene himself

Albert De Jong (2015). Michael Stausberg (ed.). The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. Germany: Wiley. p. 120, 446. ISBN 9781118786277.

…family also produced the kings of several of the smaller Armenian kingdoms (Sophene, Commagene).

Antiochus was the son of a Greek mother and a Zoroastrian father of Armenian descent. He brought Greek and Persian deities together in one pantheon, represented in the colossal effigies on Mount Nemrut (Nemrud Dagı).

Christian Marek [in German] (2021). In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. p. 514. ISBN 9780691233659.

…epigraphic sources allows us insight into the syncretic religion of an Iranian-Armenian dynasty.[In reference to Antiochus and Nemrut]

Edward Theodore Newell (1938). Miscellanea Numismatica: Cyrene to India. United States: American Numismatic Society. p. 25. ISBN 9780598368799.

It is also to be remembered that Antiochus I of Commagene , proud of his Perso-Armenian ancestry and traditions…

Rolf Strootman (2021). Michael Blömer, Stefan Riedel, Miguel John Versluys and Engelbert Winter (ed.). Common Dwelling Place of All the gods: Commagene in its Local, Regional and Global Hellenistic Context. Vol. 34. Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 296. ISBN 978-3-515-12926-8. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)

…the first traces his [Antiochus’] ancestry through Commagenian kings and Armenian satraps to the Achaemenid dynasty…

The Armenian Orontids controlled Commagene as part of their holdings until it became a separate administrative unit or kingdom within the Seleucid Empire

Canepa, Matthew (2020). The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity Through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE. Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520379206.

…he [Antiochus] emphasized his fortunate roots among the Achaemenids and Seleucids as well his claims to the Armenian royal legacy

Antiochus looked to contemporary Parthian and, especially, Armenian traditions to design his pantheon and reinvigorate his ancestral religion.

David Marshall Lang (1983). Ehsan Yarshater (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 510. ISBN 9780521246934.

Sophene and Commagene often featured as buffer states between Parthia and Armenia on the one hand, and Syria and Rome on the other. Their royal houses had strong dynastic links with the Armenian Orontid house.

Edmund Herzig (2004). The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781135798369.

In the first century BC the Orontid king, Antiochus of Commagene, a cousin of the Armenian royal house…

Boyce, Mary (2015). A History of Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism Under Macedonian and Roman Rule. Vol. 3. Brill. p. 310. ISBN 9789004293915.

…Commagene, where a branch of the family managed to establish itself, although presumably at first tributary to their Armenian kinsmen