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Petitions and lists

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  • "21 Scientists Who Believe in Creation", 1971, 21[1]



    • 39 listed in physical sciences, of which 24 claim to have PhDs in the physical sciences, one of which is dead.
    • 41 listed in biological sciences of which 24 claim to have PhDs in the biological sciences.
    • 194 modern scientists listed, of which 113 might be arguably scientists, of which 4 are dead
    • Possibly 32 are in relevant fields to evolution
    • Large number of foreigners
    • Lists 56 creationist scientists before Darwin
    • Lists 33 just after Darwin, of which 3 might be relevant and one is marked as an "old earth compromiser"
    • lists 14 in "early modern period"

Includes a disclaimer at bottom of "modern" scientists stating:

As far as we know, the scientists of the past listed here believed in a literal Genesis unless otherwise stated. The ones who did not are nevertheless included in the list below because of their general belief in the creator God of the Bible and opposition to evolution. But because the idea that the earth is ‘millions of years’ old has been disastrous in the long run, no present day ‘long-agers’ are included intentionally, because we submit that they should know better.

    • Includes a list of anticreationists scientists in an "enemies" list, including Richard Dawkins, Eugenie Scott, Carl Sagan, Isaac Asimov, Julian Huxley, J. B. S. Haldane, Stephen Jay Gould, Daniel Dennett. (11)


    • Scientists alive today* who accept the biblical account of creation
    • about 210 "scientists" listed
    • Possibly 128 are scientists
    • possibly 48 are in relevant fields
    • About 10 of those listed are faculty at Cedarville University, a small Baptist school in Ohio where all students are required to take at least a minor in Bible studies, and on and off campus dances are forbidden.
    • includes disclaimer *(except those who are recently deceased)
    • lists 94 with doctorates (no specialty)
    • possibly 24 are scientists in relevant fields (includes doctors, theologians, engineers, etc)



A large part of the difficulty in evaluating these lists is the problem of deciding who is and is not a "scientist." There has been a long-standing tradition of including people with all kinds of degrees on these lists and calling them "scientists". For example, lists of "scientists" have included people with philosophy degrees, history degrees, english degrees, as well as dentists, optometrists, engineers, mathematicians, theologians or people with degrees from diploma mills or bible colleges, as well as people who are deceased. This can pad a list considerably, making it very difficult to know how much value to ascribe to such a list.

A rough evaluation of the professional qualifications of a list of purported scientists can be made by enumerating those on a given list with at least a PhD in a natural science (even better if they are from a major accredited institution). This excludes some who do science but are trained in other fields, and includes some nonscientists as well. It also unfairly excludes some with other degrees.

An approximate metric for the "worth" of a given list can be determined by counting the number of individuals that have some level of professional qualification in a relevant field. For example, it is not useful to survey doctors when trying to forecast the weather, and not useful to get medical diagnoses from meteorologists or from pre-med students. In the case of probing the creationism-evolution controversy, those who are most relevant are those with doctoral-level training and expertise in biological evolution,

Relevant individuals are defined to be those with a doctoral degree in biology or geology. This excludes some who do work that is relevant to dating the earth and the universe such as physicists and astronomers, but focuses on those whose work will more often involve principles of biological evolution.

Scientists are defined to be those with a doctoral degree in the natural sciences. This excludes engineers and mathematicians and psychologists, who often do not engage in scientific work, although some can and do (although not usually in areas relevant to evolution and dating the earth or the universe).


Table

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Active Dates Name Organization Claimed Prof. cred. Relev. No. (est.)
Petitions
1966 "Is Biological Evolution a Principle of Nature that has been well established by Science?"[6][7] Hermann J. Muller 177 177 biologists 177
1971 "21 Scientists Who Believe in Creation"[8] Inst. for Creation Research 21 ~7[9][10] ~0-3[9]
1971-pres.[11]. List of Creation Scientists[12] Inst. for Creation Research 80[13][14] 20 phys+26 bio sci PhD[14] 20
1977 "A Statement Affirming Evolution as a Principle of Science"[15] American Humanist Assoc.[16] 183 146 sci, 6 clergy[17] 137
1986 "Amicus Curiae Brief of 72 Nobel Laureates"[18] Caplin & Drysdale[19] 72 72 scientists ?
2001-pres. "A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism" Discovery Institute >700[13] ~175 biol sci[20] ?
2003-pres. "Project Steve" NCSE 818[13] ~545 biologists[21] ?
2004-pres. "Clergy Letter Project" Michael Zimmerman 10758[13] 10758 clergy[13] 10758
2005 "A Scientific Support for Darwinism" R. Joe Brandon 7733 4066 PhD sci.[22] ?
2005 "Nobel Laureates Initiative"."[23] Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity 38 33 scientists ?
2006-pres. "Physicians and Surgeons who Dissent from Darwinism" PSSI 252[13] M.D., D.O., D.D.S., D.M.D., D.V.M., or equiv. ?
Creationist Lists[24]
1979-pres.[25] "Scientists alive today* who accept the biblical account of creation"[26][27] Creation Ministries Int. 210[13] 128 48
1995 21 great scientists who believed the Bible[28] Anne Lamont 21 <21 0-1[29]
1999 In Six Days : Why Fifty Scientists Choose to Believe in Creation[30] John F. Ashton 50 ? ?
1999-pres.[31] "Creationists holding DOCTORATES IN SCIENCE"[32] Christian Answers 94[13] ~73 sci; also MDs, clergy, eng ~24
2001-pres.[33] "Some modern scientists who have accepted the biblical account of creation"[34][35] Answers in Genesis 194[13][36] 113 sci. 32

Polls

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Resolutions

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Another common method of demonstrating their commitment to evolution is for societies and organizations to make pronouncements to affirm their acceptance of certain core principles and beliefs.

References

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  1. ^ "21 Scientists Who Believe in Creation, 2nd edition", Creation-Life Publishers, 1971.
  2. ^ List of Creation Scientists , a list of biological and physical scientists that support creationism on the Institute for Creation Research website.
  3. ^ Creation scientists and other biographies of interest: Some modern scientists who have accepted the biblical account of creation, a list of scientists that support creationism on the Answers in Genesis website.
  4. ^ Creation scientists and other specialists of interest, a list of scientists who support creationism on Creation Ministries International's website. It should be noted that Creation Ministries International is the international arm of Answers in Genesis and not an independent organization.
  5. ^ Creationists holding DOCTORATES IN SCIENCE, Who's who in Creation/Evolution (list of 94)
  6. ^ Bales, James D., Forty-Two Years on the Firing Line, Lambert, Shreveport, LA, p.71-72, no date.
  7. ^ The Day the Scientists Voted, Bert Thompson, Apologetics Press: Sensible Science, 2001, originally published in Reason & Revelation, 2(3):9-11, March 1982.
  8. ^ "21 Scientists Who Believe in Creation, 2nd edition", Henry Madison Morris, Creation-Life Publishers, 1971.
  9. ^ a b "Scientific" Creationism Examined, Paul Tobin, The Rejection of Pascal's Wager: A Skeptic's Guide to Christianity
  10. ^ An Engineer Looks at the Creationist Movement, John W. Patterson, Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 89(2):55-58, 1982.
  11. ^ This list is likely to have been a continuation of the original published list,"21 Scientists Who Believe in Creation, 2nd edition", by Henry Madison Morris, Creation-Life Publishers, 1971
  12. ^ List of Creation Scientists , a list of biological and physical scientists that support creationism on the Institute for Creation Research website.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i As of 7.28.07
  14. ^ a b At least two of these are dead.
  15. ^ The American Humanist Association: A Statement Affirming Evolution as a Principle of Science, Humanist, January/February, 1977.
  16. ^ Biology Book Battles, Katherine Ching, News and Comment, Origins, 4(1):46-49 (1977).
  17. ^ Approximately 146 are natural scientists, 6 are clergy, 21 are in the humanities and social sciences, 10 belong to ethics organizations, etc. Of the natural scientists, 126 are biologists, another 6 are probably biologists, 5 are paleontologists or geologists, 6 are from fields related to biology like biochemistry, and 3 are from the physical sciences.
  18. ^ AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF OF 72 NOBEL LAUREATES, 17 STATE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE, AND 7 OTHER SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS, IN SUPPORT OF APPELLEES, ROBERT A. KLAYMAN, WALTER B. SLOCOMBE, JEFFREY S. LEHMAN, BETH SHAPIRO KAUFMAN, Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered, One Thomas Circle, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, (202) 862-5000, Attorneys for Amici Curiae
  19. ^ Caplin & Drysdale official website
  20. ^ About 25% of the signatories are biologists, according to the article Few Biologists But Many Evangelicals Sign Anti-Evolution Petition, Kenneth Chang, The New York Times, February 21 2006 (paid subscription required, text available at Skeptical News)
  21. ^ About 2/3 of the Steves are professional biologists, according to Project Steve: FAQs, National Center for Science Education website, February 16, 2003, last updated December 28, 2005
  22. ^ Results of The Four Day Petition: 7733 Scientists Agree on: A Scientific Support For Darwinism And For Public Schools Not To Teach Intelligent Design As Science, official website
  23. ^ This statement reads, in part, "...intelligent design is fundamentally unscientific; it cannot be tested as scientific theory because its central conclusion is based on belief in the intervention of a supernatural agent." (Nobel Laureates Initiative, The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity, September 9, 2005.
  24. ^ These lists are not presented as petitions, but as lists of people that are claimed to be "creationists", according to some definition.
  25. ^ CMI's predecessor, Creation Research Foundation, started publishing lists of creation scientists associated with their magazine, Creation ex nihilo. When the CMI website was established ca. 1997, they also included lists of creation scientists on their website.
  26. ^ Creation scientists and other specialists of interest, a list of scientists who support creationism on Creation Ministries International's website. It should be noted that Creation Ministries International was the international arm of Answers in Genesis but is now an independent organization.
  27. ^ This list includes the disclaimer "* or recently deceased". CMI also lists 11 anti-creationist scientists, similar to AiG.
  28. ^ 21 great scientists who believed the Bible, Ann Lamont, Creation Science Foundation, 1995. ISBN 0949906212
  29. ^ Only one of these people were alive at the time when the evidence for biological evolution was firmly established, and he was an engineer, not a specialist in evolution and did not publish in this area.
  30. ^ In Six Days : Why Fifty Scientists Choose to Believe in Creation, John F. Ashton, Master Books, January 1, 2001, ISBN 0890513414
  31. ^ The list began about September 3, 1999, with a list that included both creationists and prominent pro-evolution scientists: [1]
  32. ^ Creationists holding DOCTORATES IN SCIENCE, Who's who in Creation/Evolution (list of 94)
  33. ^ List first appeared on the internet on April 30, 2001, and AiG website first appeared on the internet on or about December 2, 1998.
  34. ^ Creation scientists and other biographies of interest: Some modern scientists who have accepted the biblical account of creation, a list of scientists that support creationism on the Answers in Genesis website.
  35. ^ AiG also lists 56 "creationist" scientists before Darwin, and 33 just after Darwin, of which 3 might be in relevant fields, and one is marked as an "old earth compromiser." AiG also lists 14 creationists in the "early modern period," (of which 4 might be relevant) and includes a disclaimer at bottom of the "modern" creationist scientists stating, "As far as we know, the scientists of the past listed here believed in a literal Genesis unless otherwise stated. The ones who did not are nevertheless included in the list below because of their general belief in the creator God of the Bible and opposition to evolution. But because the idea that the earth is ‘millions of years’ old has been disastrous in the long run, no present day ‘long-agers’ are included intentionally, because we submit that they should know better." In addition, AiG includes a list of 11 anti-creationist scientists in an "enemies" list, including Richard Dawkins, Eugenie Scott, Carl Sagan, Isaac Asimov, Julian Huxley, J. B. S. Haldane, Stephen Jay Gould, and Daniel Dennett.
  36. ^ Of this number, at least four are dead.
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