User talk:Kevinmount/Educational technology

Start Drafting Wikipedia Contribution Notes

1. In the definition of Educational Technology from the Wikipedia page: "The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) has defined educational technology as "the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources"
   1. The word ethical is right at the start of the definition, but then ethics is not discussed for the rest of the article. Ethical use of technology is a major topic in Artificial Intelligence, so I believe a paragraph should be added regarding its ethical implications.
   2. I can use the following sources:
      1. ENAI Recommendations on the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence in Education
         1. "Teachers should receive training on ethical use of AI including development of relevant learning outcomes, learning activities, and assessment strategies. National guidance and institutional-level policies should be developed and/or reframed to include AI. National guidance should provide overarching advice on what institutions should include in their policies." (pg 3)
         2. "The outputs of AI tools can include biased, inaccurate, or incorrect content that users should be aware of. This may be caused by bias in training data, algorithms, filters, etc. It is important to include information about AI in education for all students and in training for teachers. If students do not have the opportunity to learn about the ethical use of AI, they will be more susceptible to engaging in inappropriate use of AI, which may constitute academic misconduct." (3)
      2. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of artificial intelligence ethics in education using VOSviewer and CitNetExplorer
         1. Transparency- "use, investment, and impact of AI should be disclosed to enhance accountability, modification, interpretation, and communication between AI users, educational researchers, and practitioners" (pg 9)
         2. Privacy- "Designers of AI and AI-assisted educators could value the necessity to protect privacies of students or learners." (9)
         3. Justice, fairness, and equity- "The AI-based educational equipment should be arranged in an unbiased manner, bringing benefits to all levels of students and teachers." (10)
         4. Non-maleficence- "AI should not bring any harm to human beings in various fields such as education. Users should also adopt risk or harm management strategies to avoid using AI that may cause any potential harms and make human beings run any risk. Harm is of many varieties such as discrimination, physical or private violations, distrust, non-skillfulness, or any negative effect on infrastructure, regulation, social welfare, psychological state, emotion, or economy" (10) "Only do good, do no harm."
      3. Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education, Part One: the Dynamic Frontier
         1. Transparency- "While the data volume used for training is large, the sources might still be tilted toward a certain side/aspect of controversial issues such as politics, history, and religions etc. Due to lacking transparency of data sources in general, it is possible to introduce discrimination associated with the bias in the data used to train GenAI." (605)
         2. Regulations & guidelines- "As the user base of GenAI technology continues to grow exponentially, it becomes crucial to prioritize the ongoing development of regulations and guidelines that ensure transparency and security in its development. This will help address the ethical concerns associated with GenAI and promote responsible and accountable practices in its usage." (606)
         3. The original Wikipedia article states: "but can only operate in the pre-specified domain." However, according to this source: "A notable advantage of GenAI is its flexibility and adaptability in data processing, without relying on explicit and predefined classifications (Altextsoft, 2022; Lawton, 2023). (pg 603)
            1. I believe the pre-specified domain statement should be removed.

Kevinmount (talk) 10:39, 17 March 2024 (UTC)

Justification for selecting Educational Technology: AI Section

The Artificial Intelligence section of Educational Technology is sparse with new sources. There is only one source (Su, Jiahong; Guo, Kai; Chen, Xinyu; Chu, Samuel Kai Wah (24 May 2023). "Teaching artificial intelligence in K–12 classrooms: a scoping review") since the emergence of generative AI. I believe this section of educational technology is under-developed.

The section ends with the sentence "Understanding how to support teachers in a realistic, highly differentiated, self-paced classroom, remains an open research problem." The citation is from 8 years ago. There has been incredible amounts of progress since then, so this information seems like it should be updated.

There have been theories that artificial intelligence will eventually help to close some equity gaps as the adoption of AI tools in developing countries is not far behind that of the developed world. This is currently not mentioned in the section on AI. Kevinmount (talk) 10:40, 17 March 2024 (UTC)

Make a "Small Edit" Changes

1. Added a citation about how ITSs provide personalized feedback to students.
2. The comment about existing systems is from a citation that's 9 years old. Generative AI and tools built with machine learning make no such assumption. Instead, I've added a more relevant comment to the sentence before, as it relates to emotional support. I am wary about the "remedial lesson" comment but I will leave it in for now until I can support a change with a proper citation. I have added the following sentence instead: "While AI systems can provide individualized instruction and adaptive feedback to students, it has the potential to impact students' well-being and sense of classroom community

Notes:

• The first paragraph is all about "Intelligent Tutoring Systems." The term Wheel Spinning comes from a conference paper from 2013. In the abstract of the paper, it discusses alterations that can be made to ITSs. There have been significant improvements to ITSs over the past 10 years.
• Regarding the final few sentences in the 2nd paragraph: "remedial lessons to students in need. However, existing systems were designed under the assumption that students progress at the same pace. Understanding how to support teachers in a realistic, highly differentiated, self-paced classroom, remains an open research problem."
  • I do not believe this is true anymore. AI systems have the capability of providing remedial "instruction" to students, depending on how you define instruction. And existing systems have been designed to meet students at their individual level, that's how many companies brand their software.
• Below are the different areas of "describing the intellectual and technical development of educational technology." I believe I can use the first three underlined statements to discuss Artificial Intelligence's impact on these areas.
  • Educational technology as the theory and practice of educational approaches to learning
  • Educational technology as technological tools and media, for instance massive online courses, that assist in the communication of knowledge, and its development and exchange. This is usually what people are referring to when they use the term "edtech".
  • Educational technology for learning management systems (LMS), such as tools for student and curriculum management, and education management information systems (EMIS).
  • Educational technology as back-office management, such as training management systems for logistics and budget management, and Learning Record Store (LRS) for learning data storage and analysis.
  • Educational technology itself as an educational subject; such courses may be called "computer studies" or "information and communications technology (ICT)"

Kevinmount (talk) 10:41, 17 March 2024 (UTC)

Copied from Flipped Classroom

This is an instructional strategy in which computer-assisted teaching is integrated with classroom instruction. Students are given basic essential instruction, such as lectures, before class instead of during class. Instructional content is delivered outside of the classroom, often online. The out-of-class delivery includes streaming video, reading materials, online chats, and other resources. This frees up classroom time for teachers to more actively engage with learners. Some research shows that flipped classroom can enhance students' studying efficiency because it can deliver rich educational resources to students at any time and any place.

Notes:

• There is an advantage listed under Flipped Classroom, but in the citation, the author outlines the advantages and disadvantages. This does not provide a balanced view of flipped learning.

Kevinmount (talk) 10:42, 17 March 2024 (UTC)

Peer review feedback

I disagree with the peer review feedback to remove detail and focus on engagement. This is not the purpose of an encyclopedia entry. Lndmayg (talk) 19:00, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

Additional Feedback

Your additions to the article are strong. My main feedback is in regard to formatting:

- Decide whether the acronym ITS is plural or singular. In some places you add a small "s" and sometimes you don't. Be consistent across uses.

- The first paragraph that is mostly from someone else has many claims or statements about research and evidence that lack citations. For example, the first sentence say that AI has been widely adopted in K-12 classrooms. Has it? All claims need proof. The citation should be presented at the end of the first sentence where a claim is made. If the following sentences are also supported by the same source material, the text should make clear that is the source of the information.

- Footnote numbers should come after punctuation and should not be floating mid-sentence. In general, they should be at the end of the sentence. They can also come after a comma if the rest of the sentence is supported by a different citation.

- This sentence has a problem with singular/plural agreement [change "it has" to "they have":

While AI systems can provide individualized instruction and adaptive feedback to students, it has the potential to impact students' well-being and sense of classroom community.^[1]

Lndmayg (talk) 20:12, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

Responding to feedback

- Decide whether the acronym ITS is plural or singular. In some places you add a small "s" and sometimes you don't. Be consistent across uses.

Noted- I didn't know too much about ITSs and much of that was written by somebody else. I have now skimmed a few articles both on the applications and historical context of ITSs. It seems like a good place to start as its one of the earliest and widespread application of AI over the decades. But I have now added an introduction to ITSs in relation to the historical context of AI.

- The first paragraph that is mostly from someone else has many claims or statements about research and evidence that lack citations. For example, the first sentence say that AI has been widely adopted in K-12 classrooms. Has it? All claims need proof. The citation should be presented at the end of the first sentence where a claim is made. If the following sentences are also supported by the same source material, the text should make clear that is the source of the information.

There are quite a few citations in that section that exist in the actual article, but I was unsure how to copy the citations over along with the text. So I've added 2 new citations to the section written prior to me. I've indicated those 2 citations and changes in bold. I will retain much of the prior article and integrate it into what I've written, keeping the citations that are on the Wiki article.

- Footnote numbers should come after punctuation and should not be floating mid-sentence. In general, they should be at the end of the sentence. They can also come after a comma if the rest of the sentence is supported by a different citation.

Noted, I will fix all of these errors.

- This sentence has a problem with singular/plural agreement [change "it has" to "they have":

Fixed

Thanks for the feedback, much appreciated. Kevinmount (talk) 18:48, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

The way you copy the citation in is to make sure the article is in "edit" mode before you copy the material. 100.34.6.174 (talk) 00:01, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

Instructor Feedback

Your additions are really strong. In particular, you did fantastic integration of multiple sources into a cohesive sentence.

My two minor suggestions: - The colon is misused here in this sentence and should be replaced with an emdash: "ITS can be used to keep students in the zone of proximal development (ZPD): the space wherein students may learn with guidance."

- Make sure all footnotes follow punctuation. Lndmayg (talk) 15:00, 6 April 2024 (UTC)