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Marine Attacks Squadron 223
VMA-223 insignia
Active1 May 1942 – present
Country United States of America
Branch United States Marine Corps
TypeAttack squadron
RoleClose air support, air interdiction
Part ofMarine Aircraft Group 14
2nd Marine Aircraft Wing
Garrison/HQMarine Corps Air Station Cherry Point
Nickname(s)"Bulldogs"
Tail CodeWP
EngagementsWorld War II

Vietnam War
Iraq War

Global War on Terrorism

Commanders
Current
commander		LtCol Benjamin K. Hutchins
Notable
commanders		John Lucian Smith
Aircraft flown
AttackA-4 Skyhawk
AV-8B Harrier
FighterF2A Buffalo
F4F Wildcat
F4U Corsair
F9F Panther
FJ-4B Fury

Marine Attack Squadron 223 (VMA-223) is a United States Marine Corps fixed wing attack squadron that consists of AV-8B Harrier (V/STOL) jets. The squadron is based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and falls under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW). The squadron uses "Stone" as its radio callsign.

Mission

Marine Attack Squadron (VMA)-223 is one of four AV-8B Harrier squadrons assigned to Marine Aircraft Group 14, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing. Its mission is to provide offensive air support, armed reconnaissance, and air-defense for Marine expeditionary forces.

History

World War II

VMF-223 logo during World War II

Marine Fighter Squadron 223 (VMF-223) was commissioned on May 1, 1942 at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa, Oahu, Hawaii. The "Bulldogs" first operational aircraft was the Brewster F2A Buffalo. They left Hawaii for combat equipped with the Grumman F4F Wildcat. VMA-223 became the first fighter squadron committed to combat during the Battle of Guadalcanal when they landed at Henderson Field on August 20, 1942.[1] Upon arriving, the squadron became part of the Cactus Air Force and for the next two months slugged it out with Japanese pilots, based out of Rabaul, for control of the skies over Guadalcanal. VMF-223 left the island on October 16, 1942 having accounted for 110½ enemy aircraft shot down including that of Japanese ace Junichi Sasai. The two leading aces in the squadron were the commanding officer, Major John L. Smith, with nineteen confirmed shoot downs and Marion E. Carl who was creditied with sixteen.[2] Smith was to be awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism and Captain Carl would win the first of his two Navy Crosses for these actions. These victories would come at the cost of six pilots killed and six wounded, and only eight Wildcats still operational.[3]

A F9F-2 ov VMF-223 on the USS Franklin D. Roosevelt

After being equipped with the new Chance-Vought F4U Corsair, the "Bulldogs" continued to fight in such places as the Philippines and Okinawa. Two Presidential Unit Citations were awarded and affixed to the squadron's battle colors during the war. Following transfer from Marine Corps Air Station El Toro to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point in 1948, VMA-223 became a carrier squadron. The squadron deployed to the Mediterranean Sea in 1949 aboard the USS Leyte (CV-32).

The "Bulldogs" entered the Jet Age in July 1950, receiving their first jet aircraft, the F9F Panther. In August 1957, the squadron was equipped with the North American FJ-4B Fury. A relatively short time later in January 1961, the Fury was replaced by the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk.

Vietnam War

An A-4E from VMA-223 during the Vietnam War

In December 1965, the "Bulldogs" once again were called upon for combat duty in the Far East, this time at Chu Lai, South Vietnam. Supporting allied ground forces, they flew more than 32,000 flight hours. In May 1967, the squadron flew a record 1,234 combat sorties, by far the greatest monthly total for any attack squadron operating in Vietnam. In February 1970, after nearly 5½ years in the Far East, the "Bulldogs" were reassigned to the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing and returned to MCAS El Toro.

Post Vietnam & 1990s

In May 1975, the squadron received the new A-4M Skyhawk aircraft. During July 1976, VMA-223 transferred from MCAS Yuma to MCAS Iwakuni, Japan. During August 1977, VMA-223 returned from Japan and joined the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, stationed at Cherry Point, North Carolina. During the late 1970s until transition in 1987 VMA-223 flew the A-4M Skyhawk. VMA-223 operated the last production A-4M aircraft painted in a special commemorative paint scheme with the flags of all nations who had operated the A-4 Skyhawk on the dorsal hump of the aircraft. In October 1987, VMA-223 transitioned to the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II.

VMA-223 Harriers carry the distinctive 'rising sun' rudder pattern as an homage to the squadron's history in WWII. In 1989 the a portion of the squadron deployed aboard the USS Nassau (LHA-4) attached to HMM-264 for a 6-month deployment. They visited Italy, Spain, Portugal, Monaco, France, Israel and other countries.

A VMA-223 Harrier taxis at Al Asad Iraq in January 2006

March 1990 marked the second Sixth Fleet Deployment for the "Bulldogs" aboard the USS Saipan (LHA-2) in support of the 22 MEU. This detachment participated in Operation Sharp Edge, flying armed combat air patrol missions in support of the non-combatant evacuation operations (NEO) over Liberia. In January 1991, the "Bulldogs" deployed a six-plane detachment to Naval Station Rota, Spain for operations in support of Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. The detachment remained at Rota through February, training with Spanish Forces.

Global War on Terror

VMA-223 flew combat missions over Afghanistan in the beginning phases of Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001–2002. In January 2003, the squadron deployed onboard USS Kearsarge as part of the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade (2nd MEB). After arriving in the Northern Persian Gulf it cross-decked to USS Bataan and began flying combat missions in support of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. During this time, the squadron surpassed 50,000 mishap-free flight hours.

VMA-223 deployed to Iraq late in the summer of 2005 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. During a combat mission over Iraq on February 10, 2006 the squadron surpassed the 60,000 Class A mishap-free hours mark.[4] This milestone is even more impressive considering the maintenance and safety issues associated with the AV-8B aircraft.[5] Starting in October 2011, to April 2012 VMA-223 was deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

Squadron aces

VMF-223 pilots in 1944. Marion Carl is seated in the center.

A flying ace or fighter ace is a naval aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The following Marines from VMA-223 have been credited with more than five victories:

  • Marion Eugene Carl – 18.5
  • Loren D. Everton – 12.0
  • Kenneth D. Frazier – 12.5
  • Fred E. Gutt – 8.0
  • Charles Kendrick – 5.0
  • Frederick Payne – 7.5
  • Hyde Phillips – 5.0
  • Zenneth A. Pond – 6.0
  • Orvin H. Ramlo – 5.0
  • John Lucian Smith – 19.0
  • Eugene A. Trowbridge – 12.0[6]

In the media

  • Two Harriers from VMA-223 and their pilots along with a group of enlisted troubleshooting crews and the support of the main body at MCAS Cherry Point, N.C. who were working 12 hours shifts to ensure the Detachment could complete the mission for the 1994 film True Lies.
  • Two AV-8B Harriers from VMA-223 were utilized in the flyover of the NASCAR race in Bristol, Tennessee on August 21, 2010.[7]

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

Notes

  1. ^ "Marine Aviation in the Philippines". Retrieved December 16, 2007.
  2. ^ De Chant, John A. (1947). Devilbirds. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
  3. ^ Carl, Pushing the Envelope, p.38.
  4. ^ Teslevich, Cpl Jonathan K. (2006-02-17). "Bulldogs put a muzzle on safety hazards, surpass 60,000 mishap-free hours". Marine News. United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 2006-06-17. [dead link‍]
  5. ^ Miller, Alan C.; Kevin Sack (December 2002). "The Widow-Maker". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2006-06-17.
  6. ^ List of WW2 Marine Aces, www.acepilots.com, 21 December 2007
  7. ^ http://www.newbernsj.com/articles/cherry-90000-point-nascar.html

Bibliography

  • Carl, Marion, USMC. Pushing the Envelope: The CAreer of Fighter Ace and Test Pilot Marion Carl.. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994. ISBN 1-59114-866-9.
  • Crowder, Michael J. United States Marine Corps Aviation Squadron Lineage, Insignia & History - Volume One: The Fighter Squadrons. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 1-56311-926-9.
  • Jones, 1stLt. Brett A, USMC. A History of Marine Attack Squadron 223. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, 1978. PCN 19000413900.
  • Rottman, Gordon L. U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945. Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0-313-31906-5.
  • Sherrod, Robert. History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Combat Forces Press, 1952.
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