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Vorkuta

Coordinates: 67°30′N 64°2′E / 67.500°N 64.033°E / 67.500; 64.033
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For other uses of "Vorkuta", see "Vorkuta" (disambiguation).
Vorkuta
Воркута
Town[1]
Other transcription(s)
 • KomiВӧркута
Central Vorkuta
Central Vorkuta
Flag of Vorkuta
Flag
Coat of arms of Vorkuta
Coat of arms
Location of Vorkuta
Map
Vorkuta is located in Russia
Vorkuta
Vorkuta
Location of Vorkuta
Vorkuta is located in Komi Republic
Vorkuta
Vorkuta
Vorkuta (Komi Republic)
Coordinates: 67°30′N 64°2′E / 67.500°N 64.033°E / 67.500; 64.033
CountryRussia
Federal subjectKomi Republic[1]
FoundedJanuary 4, 1936[2]
Town status sinceNovember 26, 1943[2]
Government
 • Administration Manager[3]Igor Gurlev[3]
Elevation
180 m (590 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[4]
 • Total70,548
 • Rank224th in 2010
 • Subordinated totown of republic significance of Vorkuta[1]
 • Capital oftown of republic significance of Vorkuta[1]
 • Urban okrugVorkuta Urban Okrug[5]
 • Capital ofVorkuta Urban Okrug[5]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[6])
Postal code(s)[7]
169900
Dialing code(s)+7 82151
OKTMO ID87710000001
Websitexn--80adypkng.xn--p1ai/english/

Vorkuta (Russian: Воркута́; Template:Lang-kv, Vörkuta; Nenets for place teems with bears)[8] is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa River. Population: 70,548 (2010 Census);[4] 84,917 (2002 Census);[9] 115,646 (1989 Soviet census).[10]

History

Industrial coal fields by Vorkuta River were discovered in 1930 by geologist ru. Georgy was the son of another geologist, Alexander Chernov, who promoted the development of the Pechora coal basin, which included the Vorkuta fields.[11][12] With this discovery the coal mining industry started in Komi ASSR. At the time only the southern parts of the field were included in the Komi ASSR. The northern part, including Vorkuta, belonged to Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. In 1931 a geologist settlement was established by the coal field, with most of the workers being inmates of the Ukhta-Pechora Camp of GULAG (Ухтпечлаг, Ukhpechlag). [11][13] The origins of the town of Vorkuta are associated with one of the more notorious forced labour camps of the Gulag which was established in 1932, with the start of mining.

In 1941, Vorkuta and the labor camp system based around it were connected to the rest of the world by a prisoner-built rail line linking Konosha, Kotlas, and the camps of Inta. Town status was granted to Vorkuta on November 26, 1943.[11] It was the largest of the Gulag camps in European Russia and served as the administrative center for a large number of smaller camps and subcamps, among them Kotlas, Pechora, and Izhma (modern Sosnogorsk). In 1953, the town witnessed a major uprising by the camp inmates.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight urban-type settlements (Komsomolsky, Mulda, Oktyabrsky, Promyshlenny, Severny, Vorgashor, Yeletsky, and Zapolyarny) and seven rural localities, incorporated as the town of republic significance of Vorkuta—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Vorkuta is incorporated as Vorkuta Urban Okrug.[5]

Economy

By the early 21st century many mines had closed as problems with the high costs of operation plagued the mine operators. At one time during the late 1980s and 1990s there were labor actions in the area by miners who had not been paid for a year.[14][15]

Climate

Mining College in Vorkuta

Vorkuta has a subarctic climate with short cool summers and very cold and dry winters. The average February temperature is about −20 °C (−4 °F), and in July it is about +13 °C (55 °F).

Climate data for Vorkuta
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		1.2
(34.2) 		5.3
(41.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		26.5
(79.7) 		31.0
(87.8) 		33.8
(92.8) 		30.0
(86.0) 		24.2
(75.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		4.8
(40.6) 		3.5
(38.3) 		33.8
(92.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −15.6
(3.9) 		−16.1
(3.0) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		12.7
(54.9) 		18.7
(65.7) 		14.2
(57.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		−1.3
(29.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −19.5
(−3.1) 		−20.0
(−4.0) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		7.6
(45.7) 		13.2
(55.8) 		9.7
(49.5) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−17.6
(0.3) 		−5.4
(22.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −23.6
(−10.5) 		−23.9
(−11.0) 		−18.1
(−0.6) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		3.3
(37.9) 		8.2
(46.8) 		5.8
(42.4) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−16.5
(2.3) 		−21.6
(−6.9) 		−9.2
(15.4)
Record low °C (°F) −48.0
(−54.4) 		−49.4
(−56.9) 		−41.0
(−41.8) 		−38.5
(−37.3) 		−26.3
(−15.3) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−29.0
(−20.2) 		−45.1
(−49.2) 		−52.0
(−61.6) 		−52.0
(−61.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 36
(1.4) 		34
(1.3) 		33
(1.3) 		27
(1.1) 		35
(1.4) 		52
(2.0) 		55
(2.2) 		63
(2.5) 		57
(2.2) 		57
(2.2) 		40
(1.6) 		42
(1.7) 		531
(20.9)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 42
(17) 		59
(23) 		77
(30) 		81
(32) 		60
(24) 		19
(7.5) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		3
(1.2) 		10
(3.9) 		20
(7.9) 		26
(10) 		397
(156.5)
Average rainy days 1 0 1 3 9 16 19 22 19 10 2 1 103
Average snowy days 25 21 23 19 16 4 0 0 4 18 24 26 180
Average relative humidity (%) 81 80 81 79 79 72 74 82 85 88 84 82 81
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[16]

Miscellaneous

The town is served by Vorkuta Airport. During the Cold War, an Arctic Control Group forward staging base for strategic bombers was located at Vorkuta Sovetsky.[17]

One of the largest coal mine disasters in Russia occurred at Vorkuta coal mine on 28 February 2016, when leaking methane gas ignited and killed 32 people, including 26 trapped miners that had been stranded by a similar explosion 3 days prior that had killed four miners.[18]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Law #16-RZ
  2. ^ a b Информационный портал администрации Воркуты - История Воркуты 1930-1945 годы (in Russian). Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b Глава городского округа (in Russian). May 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  5. ^ a b c Law #11-RZ
  6. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. ^ "About city". Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  9. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  10. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  11. ^ a b c "История Воркуты"Template:Ru icon(retrieved August 3, 2004)
  12. ^ "История Воркуты"Template:Ru icon(retrieved August 3, 2004)
  13. ^ "Историческая справка. МО ГО "Воркута""Template:Ru icon (retrieved August 3, 2004)
  14. ^ "Vorkuta Miners Hold Authorities Prisoners". Russia Today. www.aha.ru. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  15. ^ Keller, Bill (August 27, 1990). "At Gulag Cemetery, a Struggle Against Forgetting". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  16. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  17. ^ "Vorkuta". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
  18. ^ "Russian Coal Mine Accident in Vorkuta Kills 36, Including 5 Rescuers". Associated Press. February 28, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2016.

Sources

  • Государственный Совет Республики Коми. Закон №13-РЗ от 6 марта 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №171-РЗ от 26 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённого пункта Верхняя Седка, расположенного на территории Прилузского района Республики Коми, и внесении в связи с этим изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Коми». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Республика", №44, 16 марта 2006 г. (State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #13-RZ of March 6, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #171-RZ of December 26, 2014 On Abolishing the Inhabited Locality of Verkhnyaya Sedka Located on the Territory of Priluzsky District of the Komi Republic, and on Amending Various Laws of the Komi Republic Accordingly. Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Государственный Совет Республики Коми. Закон №11-РЗ от 5 марта 2005 г. «О территориальной организации местного самоуправления в Республике Коми», в ред. Закона №171-РЗ от 26 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённого пункта Верхняя Седка, расположенного на территории Прилузского района Республики Коми, и внесении в связи с этим изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Коми». Вступил в силу 1 апреля 2005 г.. Опубликован: "Республика", №44–45, 17 марта 2005 г. (State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #11-RZ of March 5, 2005 On the Territorial Organization of the Local Self-Government in the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #171-RZ of December 26, 2014 On Abolishing the Inhabited Locality of Verkhnyaya Sedka Located on the Territory of Priluzsky District of the Komi Republic, and on Amending Various Laws of the Komi Republic Accordingly. Effective as of April 1, 2005.).
  • Adapted from the article Vorkuta, from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

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