W. S. Karunaratne

Wijesinghe Sugathadasa
[ඩබ්ලිව්.එස්.කරුණාරත්න] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: Sinhala (help)
Wijesinghe Sugathadasa; [ඩබ්ලිව්.එස්.කරුණාරත්න] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: Sinhala (help)
Born	24 December 1928; Kandy, Sri Lanka
Died	1986; Colombo
Nationality	Sri Lankan
Citizenship	Sri Lanka
Education	University of London
Alma mater	Ananda College, University of Peradeniya, University of London
Occupation(s)	Academic, diplomat
Known for	Scholarly works of Buddhist philosophy and comparative religion
Notable work	Theory of Causality
Title	Professor, Ambassador
Spouse	Indumathi Gunathilaka
Children	Shantarakshita, Kamalaseeli, Chandrakeerthi, Harsha
Parent(s)	Don Charles Karunaratne and Donna Charlinton Dissanayake

Wijesinghe Sugathadasa Karunaratne (Sinhala:ඩබ්ලිව්.එස්.කරුණාරත්න) (24 December 1928 – 1986) was a well known Buddhist scholar and a fiercely independent thinker. He was affectionately known by the Sri Lankan masses as "W.S." and as "The Don" by the academia. W.S. was born on 24 December 1928 in Katugastota, a small village in the Kandy district, Sri Lanka. Many of those who came in contact with W.S. for the first time felt immediately that they were in the presence of a great mind.^[who?] He seemed to radiate energy and to awaken heightened feelings. Many have stated that hearing W.S. speak, they "fell in love with him."^[who?] Even critics attested to the power of his presence.^[who?] Academicians unanimously agree that he was a brilliant lecturer, with a spellbinding effect on his audiences regardless of the subject.^[who?] Some have expressed their experience of meeting him face to face for the first time that there was far more than words passing between them and noting that W.S. appeared to fit with Max Weber's classical image of the charismatic figure.^[who?]

Early years

Coming from a family of nine siblings, he grew up in a very poor home following his police constable father from one police station to another during the British colonial rule of Sri Lanka as the father was transferred around the country. The Karunaratne family always lived a meager life in dilapidated police barracks which usually consisted of one room and kitchen unit without any other living space, running water or electricity. The kids studied at night with the help of faint kerosene lamps. Even with all the frequent moving from town to town and new schools, young Karunaratne showed signs of academic brilliance overcoming great odds.

He initially attended Dharmaraja College, but had to move to different schools as his father was transferred. Recognizing the importance of attending a better school, later the father managed to move the son from a rural school in Badulla to a premier school in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka where W.S. aced the admission test. However, the father didn't have enough money to pay the boarding school. He ended up pawning his wedding ring to pay for the first month. The big break came when he sat for the university entrance exam while attending Ananda College, the great Buddhist school founded by Col. Henry Steel Olcott. That year, W.S. achieved the highest grades in the entire island to claim the prestigious Moulana Prize. The prize was shared by another student who came in a close second, Felix Dias Bandaranaike from the prestigious Royal College. The interesting contrast was that Felix came from a wealthy land owning, high society were as W.S. came from the opposite end of the social spectrum. The fully paid scholarship allowed young Karunaratne to pursue higher education without having to burden the poor father any longer. He entered the University of Ceylon in 1948.

The break

When his father died at a young age, as the second elder male child in the family, the burden of supporting the big family fell upon W.S. He was not deterred by the hardships. W.S. was even more determined to complete his studies and come out of the poverty that plagued the family. While working part-time, he managed to fill the void left behind by his father by being the father figure to his younger siblings. He managed to feed the entire family and keep all in school while winning accolades from his teachers for his brilliant analytical mind and academic work. Along the way, he won numerous scholarships and obtained the Bachelor of Arts first class honours degree in 1952. His father wanted W.S. to join the Ceylon Civil Service which would have brought prestige and honour to the family. However, his professors persuaded him to join the faculty at the University of Peradeniya as an assistant lecturer in the Department of Pali and Buddhist Civilization. In 1954, W.S. married his own student Indumathi Gunatillake who eventually became an expert in Tibetan Buddhism and joined the Sri Lanka Encyclopedia of Buddhism as an assistant editor where Dr.G.P. Malalasekera, the Chief Editor was her mentor. Soon after their wedding, W.S. and Indumathi left to London, England where W.S. obtained his doctorate from the University of London for his thesis on "The Theory of Causality in Early Buddhism" at the comparatively young age of twenty-eight. In the same year, W.S. was chosen as the F. L. Woodward prizeman of the School of Oriental and African Studies.

Buddhist studies

Twelve years later, the Department of Pali and Buddhist Civilization was contemplating the establishment of a separate department of Buddhist Philosophy. Two extremely qualified candidates competed for the position; world-renowned Buddhist scholar, Reverend Dr. Walpola Rahula and Dr. W.S. Karunaratne. In 1964, W.S. got selected as the Professor of Buddhist Philosophy by becoming the youngest ever professor in the University of Ceylon in its history. He established and developed the new department of Buddhist Philosophy and taught at Peradeniya until 1973. During his last few years at Peradeniya, he also served in the capacity of the Dean of the Faculty of Arts while continuing to teach at the same time.

The University of Sri Lanka went through a transformation in the early 1970s and the Arts faculty was moved to the Vidyalankara Campus in Kelaniya. From 1973 to 1978, Professor Karunaratne continued to be the Dean, Faculty of Arts at Vidyalankara as well as the Buddhist Philosophy Chair. In addition, he also served as a member of the University of Sri Lanka's Board of Regents.

Diplomacy

In 1978, President J. R. Jayewardene invited Dr. W.S. Karunaratne to be the Sri Lanka's Ambassador to the United States of America. Dr. Karunaratne took leave of absence from the University to accept the position in Washington. After a distinguished service as the Ambassador to the United States of America as well as to the United Mexican States, he returned to his beloved profession of teaching at the Vidyalankara Campus until his untimely death in 1986.

Oratory

Apart from his academic achievements, Professor Karunaratne was well known throughout Sri Lanka for his remarkable ability to make public speeches on almost any given subject. He is referred to by some as the "Silver Tongue of Asia". He was well known for his intellect and the unique knowledge and memory of the Buddhist Cannon; the Tripitaka. Some thought of him as a 'walking encyclopaedia'. His audiences were varied. He was equally popular and respected among the scholars, religious leaders, politicians as well as the common folk for his ability to convey philosophical points in simple yet colourful language. His mesmerising oratorical skills were admired by all who listened to him. His public speaking sessions were often 2 to 3 hours long. While scholars were pursuing him to dig into his deep philosophical knowledge, the politicians were perusing him to make speeches on behalf of them to draw bigger crowds. He would keep audiences spellbound whether it was a political, social or cultural subject. Even in his everyday life, there was always a ready-made audience surrounding him just to listen to him talk.

Politics

After the '1956 revolution', W.S. was drawn to Sri Lanka's national politics. He became a confidant of late statesman Philip Gunawardena of the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (Peoples United Front) and travelled throughout the country making speeches on behalf of the MEP. In March 1960 national elections he ended up contesting the Kandy electorate running against the popular minister and later, the Speaker of the parliament E.L Senanayake of the United National Party (UNP). However, while being immensely popular, he lost the election by a mere few hundred votes and returned to the University. In 1970 W.S. was again drawn to politics. This time it was an invitation by the late Prime Minister Dudley Senanayake, the son of the first Prime Minister of independent Sri Lanka D.S. Senanayake also known as the "Father of the nation". Dudley Senanayake recognising the popularity of W.S. persuaded him to try and win his own home electoratre for him for the UNP which always went to the opposition Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) since his father's death. There was a great chance of W.S. winning the elections for the UNP which he lost by 1000 votes. However, the national election was a landslide victory for the SLFP and he went back to his academic profession. Again in 1978, J.R. Jayewardene pursued W.S. to support the UNP by becooming its chief spokesperson. W.S. accepted the invitation and criscrossed the country making political speeches supporting J.R. to form the next government. It was a huge success. It is widely believed that W.S. Karunaratne was the 'Chief Architect' of the landslide victory of the UNP which established the executive presidency of J.R. Jayewardene.

Contributions

Professor Karunaratne was fluent in Sinhala, Tamil and English equally besides his fluency in classical languages of Pali, Sanskrit and Latin. He read in Hindi, French, German and Burmese. He was a visiting professor in the United States in 1963 teaching at numerous universities as a Fulbright Scholar. Prior to that, he had taught at the University of Rangoon in Burma and at other higher education institutions in Thailand. Professor Karunaratne had travelled extensively around the world in various official capacities as an expert on comparative religion. There were many in his life who urged him to write books and to record his speeches. But he was never inclined to make money off of such ventures. However, he has contributed greatly to newspapers, magazines and scholarly publications on various topics. As an avid collector of rare books on Buddhism in various languages, he had compiled an extensive library. After his demise in 1986, his book collection, including extremely rare and ancient Burmese and pali manuscripts, some written on ola leaves was donated by his family to the Buddhist and Pali University of Sri Lanka and other higher education institutions. In addition, his widow Indumathi had compiled some of his writings and published five books in Sinhala and in English; Buddhism, its Religion and philosophy, The Theory of Causality in Early Buddhism, The Way of the Lotus, Bauddha Dharshanaya saha Charanaya, Bauddha Adhyayana Shashthreeya Leekhana Sangrahaya.