Water for injection
 Sterile water for injection | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| AHFS/Drugs.com | FDA Professional Drug Information |
| ATC code | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | H2O |
Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination.[1] A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection.[2] Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution more or less isotonic.[3] It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[4] A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.[5]
If it is given by injection into a vein without making it more or less isotonic, breakdown of red blood cells may occur. This can than result in kidney problems.[3] Excessive amount may also result in fluid overload.[4] Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis. It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml. Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available.[5]
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[6] Water for injection is available over the counter.[3] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.03 to 0.15 USD per 10 ml vial.[7] In the United Kingdom this amount cost the NHS 0.25 to 1.40 pounds.[8]
Other names
[Aqua ad iniectabilia] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) or [aqua ad injectionem] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
References
- ^ "<1232> Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes" (PDF). hmc.usp.org. p. 2. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. 493. ISBN 9789241547659. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ a b c "Sterile Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ a b "Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ a b Ghosh, Tapash K.; Jasti, Bhaskara R. (2004). Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics. CRC Press. p. 396. ISBN 9780203644478.
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "Water for Injection". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 685. ISBN 9780857111562.