Information appliance
An information appliance (IA) is an appliance that is designed to easily perform a specific electronic function such as playing music, photography, or editing text.[1][2]
Typical examples are smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Information appliances partially overlap in definition with, or are sometimes referred to as, smart devices, embedded systems, mobile devices or wireless devices.
Appliance vs computer[edit]
The term information appliance was coined by Jef Raskin around 1979.[3][4] As later explained by Donald Norman in his influential The Invisible Computer,[5] the main characteristics of IA, as opposed to any normal computer, were:
- designed and pre-configured for a single application (like a toaster appliance, which is designed only to make toast),
- so easy to use for untrained people, that it effectively becomes unnoticeable, "invisible" to them,
- able to automatically share information with any other IAs.
This definition of IA was different from today's. Jef Raskin initially tried to include such features in the Apple Macintosh, which he designed, but eventually the project went a quite different way. For a short while during the mid- and late 1980s, there were a few models of simple electronic typewriters with screens and some form of memory storage. These dedicated word processor machines had some of the attributes of an information appliance, and Raskin designed one of them, the Canon Cat. He described some properties of his definition of information appliance in his book The Humane Interface.
Larry Ellison, Oracle Corporation CEO, predicted that information appliances and network computers would supersede personal computers (PCs).[6]
See also[edit]
- Archy
- Computer appliance
- Embedded system
- Internet appliance
- Mobile web
- Technological convergence
- Ubiquitous computing
- Smart speaker
References[edit]
- ^ Pirhonen, A.; Isomäki, H.; Roast, C.; Saariluoma, Pertti (4 January 2005). Future Interaction Design. Springer. p. 129. ISBN 1-85233-791-5. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ Benyon, David; Turner, Phil; Turner, Susan. Designing Interactive Systems: People, Activities, Contexts, Technologies. Addison Wesley Publishing Company. p. 18. ISBN 0-321-11629-1. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ Bergman, Eric. Information Appliances and Beyond (Interactive Technologies). Morgan Kaufmann. pp. 2–3. ISBN 1-55860-600-9. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ Allan, Roy (2001). A history of the personal computer: the people and the technology. London, Ont.: Allan Pub. p. 49. ISBN 0-9689108-0-7. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ Norman, Donald A. (1998). The invisible computer: why good products can fail, the personal computer is so complex, and information appliances are the solution. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-64041-4.
- ^ Walters, E. Garrison (2001). The essential guide to computing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR. p. 13. ISBN 0-13-019469-7. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
information network desktop computer IT appliance 1970-2005.
External links[edit]
- Compact HTML for Small Information Appliances — W3C NOTE (9 February 1998)
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