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Artemisia frigida

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Artemisia frigida

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Artemisia
Species:
A. frigida
Binomial name
Artemisia frigida

Artemisia frigida is a widespread species of flowering plant in the aster family, which is known as the sunflower family. It is native to Europe, Asia, and much of North America.[1][2] In parts of the north-central and northeastern United States it is an introduced species.[3][4]

Names

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Common names include fringed sagebrush, prairie sagewort, arctic sage and pasture sage. The plant is not, however, closely related to the true sages Salvia.

In the Zuni language this plant is called to'shoeha'chikĭa, meaning "seeds leaf sweet".[5]

Description

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Artemisia frigida is a perennial plant[1] with a woody base.[3] The stems spread out, generally forming a mat or clump up to 40 centimetres (1.3 ft) tall. The stems are covered in lobed gray-green leaves which are coated in silvery hairs. The inflorescence contains many spherical flower heads each about half a centimeter wide and lined with woolly-haired, gray-green or brownish phyllaries. The flower heads contain several pistillate ray florets and many bisexual disc florets. The plant is aromatic, with a strong scent.[1][3] This plant can make a great many seeds.[6] It can also spread by layering; in some years it produces very few seeds.[3]

Artemisia frigida is common and dominant or codominant in many areas, especially in dry and disturbed habitat types. It is common in the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains in North America, where it occurs in grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands, among others. It has a tendency to increase in areas that have been heavily grazed by livestock. Overgrowth of the plant is sometimes an indicator of overgrazing on rangeland.[3] It sometimes becomes an aggressive weed.[6][7] Ranchers have considered the plant to be both an adequate forage species and a worthless nuisance species. Artemisia frigida's common name is wild sage. Sometimes known as prairie sage and sagewort.

Cultivation

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Artemisia frigida is cultivated for its foliage effects, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8] The wildflower cultivation author Claude A. Barr expressed the opinion that it and Artemisia longifolia were the only two species of Artemisia that could be safely taken into a garden. The other species such as Artemisia tridentata, being too aggressive in spreading.[9]

Artemisia frigida is also used in landscaping and for erosion control and revegetation of rangeland.[3] It is drought-resistant.[6][10]

Ecology and uses

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A number of wild animals consume the plant, including white-tailed jackrabbits and sage grouse.[3]

Artemisia frigida has a variety of uses for Indigenous peoples of North America.[11] It is used medicinally for coughs, colds, wounds, and heartburn by the Blackfoot. The Cree people use it for headache and fever and the Tewa people took it for gastritis and indigestion. It also has ceremonial and veterinary applications, including for the Blackfoot, who reportedly used the crushed leaves to "revive gophers after children clubbed them while playing a game".[12] Among the Zuni, the whole plant is made into an infusion for colds. Sprigs of this plant and corn ears are attached to decorated tablets and carried by female dancers in a drama. The sprigs are also dipped in water and planted with corn so the corn will grow abundantly.[13]

Mongol herders from the Bairin Right Banner and Bairin Left Banner of Inner Mongolia prepare a water-based decoction using fresh or dried Artemisia frigida with Sabina vulgaris, Sanguisorba officinalis, Rhododendron micranthum, and Ephedra sinica to treat joint pain.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Shultz, Leila M. (2006). "Artemisia frigida". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 19. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  2. ^ Lin, Yourun; Humphries, Christopher J.; Gilbert, Michael G. "Artemisia frigida". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g McWilliams, Jack (2003). "Artemisia frigida". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
  4. ^ "Artemisia frigida". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  5. ^ Stevenson, Matilda Coxe (1915). "Ethnobotany of the Zuñi Indians". Thirtieth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Bureau of American Ethnology: 42. hdl:10088/91736. Archived from the original on 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  6. ^ a b c Peat, H. C. & G. G. Bowes (1994). "Management of fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida) in Saskatchewan". Weed Technology. 8 (3): 553–558. doi:10.1017/S0890037X00039671. JSTOR 3988028. S2CID 89470040.
  7. ^ Wilson, R. G. (1982). "Germination and seedling development of fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida)". Weed Science. 30 (1): 102–105. doi:10.1017/S0043174500026266. JSTOR 4043228. S2CID 182782848.
  8. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Artemisia frigida". Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  9. ^ Barr, Claude A. (1983). Jewels of the plains : wild flowers of the Great Plains grasslands and hills. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 29–30. ISBN 0-8166-1127-0.
  10. ^ "Artemisia frigida" (PDF). US Forest Service. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
  11. ^ "Artemisia frigida" (PDF). USDA NRCS Plant Guide. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  12. ^ Artemisia frigida. University of Michigan Ethnobotany. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
  13. ^ "BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database".
  14. ^ Wurchaih; Huar; Menggenqiqig; Khasbagan (2019). "Medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Bairin Area of Inner Mongolia and its comparative study between TMM and TCM". Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine. 15 (32): 32. doi:10.1186/s13002-019-0300-9. PMC 6609360. PMID 31269968.
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