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{{chembox
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 417316717
| verifiedrevid = 428906341
⚫
| Name = Praseodymium(III) chloride
| ImageFile = Praseodymium(III)-chloride-heptahydrate.jpg
| Name = Praseodymium(III) chloride
⚫
| ImageFile1 = Praseodymium(III)-chloride-heptahydrate.jpg
⚫
| ImageFileL1 = UCl3.png
| ImageFile2 = Praseodymium chloride heptahydrate under fluorescent lamp light and halogen lamp light.png
⚫
| ImageFileL1 = UCl3 without caption.png
| ImageFileR1 = Cerium bromide (space filling) 2.png
| ImageFileR1 = Cerium bromide (space filling) 2.png
| ImageName =
| ImageName =
| IUPACName = Praseodymium(III) chloride
| IUPACName = Praseodymium(III) chloride
| OtherNames = Praseodymium chloride; praseodymium trichloride
| OtherNames = Praseodymium chloride; praseodymium trichloride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 10361-79-2
| CASNo = 10361-79-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
| RTECS =
| RTECS =
| PubChem = 66317
| InChI = 1S/3ClH.Pr/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
| SMILES = Cl[Pr](Cl)Cl
}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = PrCl<sub>3</sub>
| Formula = PrCl<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 247.24 g/mol (anhydrous)<br/>373.77 g/mol (heptahydrate)
| MolarMass = 247.24 g/mol (anhydrous)<br/>373.77 g/mol (heptahydrate)
| Appearance = blue-green solid (anhydrous)<br/>light green solid (heptahydrate)
| Appearance = blue-green solid (anhydrous)<br/>light green solid (heptahydrate)
| Density = 4.02 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous)<br/>2.250 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (heptahydrate)
| Density = 4.02 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous)<br/>2.250 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (heptahydrate)
| Solubility = 104.0 g/100 ml (13°C)
| Solubility = 104.0 g/100 ml (13 °C)
| MeltingPt = 786 °C
| MeltingPtC = 786
| BoilingPt = 1710 °C
| BoilingPtC = 1710
| pKa =
| pKa =
| pKb =
| pKb =
}}
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = Tricapped trigonal prismatic<br />(nine-coordinate)
| Coordination = Tricapped trigonal prismatic<br />(nine-coordinate)
| CrystalStruct = [[Hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] ([[Uranium trichloride#Structure|UCl<sub>3</sub> type]]), [[Pearson symbol|hP8]]
| CrystalStruct = [[Hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] ([[Uranium trichloride#Structure|UCl<sub>3</sub> type]]), [[Pearson symbol|hP8]]
| SpaceGroup = P6<sub>3</sub>/m, No. 176
| SpaceGroup = P6<sub>3</sub>/m, No. 176
}}
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS =
| ExternalMSDS =
| EUIndex = Not listed
| EUIndex = Not listed
| MainHazards = Irritant
| MainHazards = Irritant
| FlashPt =
| FlashPt =
| RPhrases =
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
| SPhrases =
}}
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[Praseodymium(III) fluoride]]<br/>[[Praseodymium bromide]]<br/>[[praseodymium iodide]]
| OtherAnions = [[Praseodymium(III) oxide]], [[Praseodymium(III) fluoride]]<br/>[[Praseodymium bromide]]<br/>[[praseodymium iodide]]
| OtherCations = [[Cerium(III) chloride]]<br/>[[Neodymium(III) chloride]]
| OtherCations = [[Cerium(III) chloride]]<br/>[[Neodymium(III) chloride]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
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==Preparation==
==Preparation==
Praseodymium(III) chloride is prepared by treating praseodymium metal and [[hydrogen chloride]]:<ref name=ref7 /><ref name=ref6>L. F. Druding, J. D. Corbett, ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' '''83''', 2462 (1961); J. D. Corbett, ''Rev. Chim. Minerale'' '''10''', 239 (1973)<sup>,</sup></ref>
Praseodymium(III) chloride is prepared by treating praseodymium metal and [[hydrogen chloride]]:<ref name=ref7 /><ref name=ref6>L. F. Druding, J. D. Corbett, "Lower Oxidation States of the Lanthanides. Neodymium(II) Chloride and Iodide", ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' '''83''', 2462 (1961); J. D. Corbett, ''Rev. Chim. Minerale'' '''10''', 239 (1973)<sup>,</sup></ref>
:2 Pr + 6 HCl → 2 PrCl<sub>3</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>
:2 Pr + 6 HCl → 2 PrCl<sub>3</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>
It is usually purified by vacuum sublimation.<ref name=ref1 />
It is usually purified by vacuum sublimation.<ref name=ref1 />


Hydrated salts of praseodymium(III) chloride can be prpared by treatment of either praseodymium metal or praseodymium(III) carbonate with [[hydrochloric acid]]:
Hydrated salts of praseodymium(III) chloride can be prepared by treatment of either praseodymium metal or praseodymium(III) carbonate with [[hydrochloric acid]]:
:Pr<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 6 HCl + 15 H<sub>2</sub>O → 2 [Pr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>9</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub> + 3 CO<sub>2</sub>
:Pr<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 6 HCl + 15 H<sub>2</sub>O → 2 [Pr(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>9</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub> + 3 CO<sub>2</sub>


Anhydrous PrCl<sub>3</sub> can be made by thermal dehydration of the hydrate at 400 °C in the presence of [[ammonium chloride]].<ref name=ref1 /><ref name=ref4>M. D. Taylor, P. C. Carter, ''J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.'' '''24''', 387 (1962); J. Kutscher, A. Schneider, ''Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.'' '''7''', 815 (1971).</ref> Alternatively the hydrate can be dehydrated using [[thionyl chloride]].<ref name=ref1/><ref name=ref5>J. H. Freeman, M. L. Smith, ''J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.'' '''7''', 224 (1958).</ref>
PrCl<sub>3</sub>∙7H<sub>2</sub>O is a hygroscopic substance, that will not crystallise from the mother liquor unless it is left to dry in a dessiccator. Anhydrous PrCl<sub>3</sub> can be made by thermal dehydration of the hydrate at 400 °C in the presence of [[ammonium chloride]].<ref name=ref1 /><ref name=ref4>M. D. Taylor, P. C. Carter, "Preparation of anhydrous lanthanide halides, especially iodides", ''J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.'', '''24''', 387 (1962); J. Kutscher, A. Schneider, ''Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.'', '''7''', 815 (1971).</ref> Alternatively the hydrate can be dehydrated using [[thionyl chloride]].<ref name=ref1/><ref name=ref5>J. H. Freeman, M. L. Smith, "The preparation of anhydrous inorganic chlorides by dehydration with thionyl chlorid", ''J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.'', '''7''', 224 (1958).</ref>


==Reactions==
==Reactions==
Praseodymium(III) chloride is [[Lewis acid]]ic, classified as "hard" according to the [[HSAB concept]]. Rapid heating of the [[hydrate]] may cause small amounts of [[hydrolysis]].<ref name=ref1>F. T. Edelmann, P. Poremba, in: ''Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry'', (W. A. Herrmann, ed.), Vol. 6, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1997.</ref> PrCl<sub>3</sub> forms a stable Lewis acid-base complex K<sub>2</sub>PrCl<sub>5</sub> by reaction with [[potassium chloride]]; this compound shows interesting [[Luminescence|optical]] and [[Magnetism|magnetic]] properties.<ref name=ref7>J. Cybinska, J. Sokolnicki, J. Legendziewicz, G. Meyer ''Journal of Alloys and Compounds'' '''341''', 115-123 (2002).</ref>
Praseodymium(III) chloride is [[Lewis acid]]ic, classified as "hard" according to the [[HSAB concept]]. Rapid heating of the [[hydrate]] may cause small amounts of [[hydrolysis]].<ref name=ref1>F. T. Edelmann, P. Poremba, in: ''Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry'', (W. A. Herrmann, ed.), Vol. 6, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1997.</ref> PrCl<sub>3</sub> forms a stable Lewis acid-base complex K<sub>2</sub>PrCl<sub>5</sub> by reaction with [[potassium chloride]]; this compound shows interesting [[Luminescence|optical]] and [[Magnetism|magnetic]] properties.<ref name=ref7>J. Cybinska, J. Sokolnicki, J. Legendziewicz, G. Meyer, ''Journal of Alloys and Compounds'', '''341''', 115–123 (2002).</ref>


[[Aqueous]] solutions of praseodymium(III) chloride can be used to prepare insoluble praseodymium(III) compounds. For example, praseodymium(III) phosphate and praseodymium(III) fluoride can be prepared by reaction with [[potassium phosphate]] and [[sodium fluoride]], respectively:
[[Aqueous]] solutions of praseodymium(III) chloride can be used to prepare insoluble praseodymium(III) compounds. For example, praseodymium(III) phosphate and praseodymium(III) fluoride can be prepared by reaction with [[potassium phosphate]] and [[sodium fluoride]], respectively:
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:PrCl<sub>3</sub> + 3 NaF → PrF<sub>3</sub> + 3 NaCl
:PrCl<sub>3</sub> + 3 NaF → PrF<sub>3</sub> + 3 NaCl


When heated with alkali metal chlorides, it forms a series of ternary (compounds containing three different elements) materials with the formulae MPr<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>7</sub>, M<sub>3</sub>PrCl<sub>6</sub>, M<sub>2</sub>PrCl<sub>5</sub>, and M<sub>3</sub>Pr<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>9</sub> where M = K, Rb, Cs.<ref>Gerd Meyer "Ternary Chlorides and Bromides of the Rare-Earth Elements" Inorganic Syntheses, 1990, Volume 30, pp. 72–81. {{DOI|10.1002/9780470132616.ch15}}</ref>
When heated with alkali metal chlorides, it forms a series of ternary (compounds containing three different elements) materials with the formulae MPr<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>7</sub>, M<sub>3</sub>PrCl<sub>6</sub>, M<sub>2</sub>PrCl<sub>5</sub>, and M<sub>3</sub>Pr<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>9</sub> where M = K, Rb, Cs.<ref>Gerd Meyer, "Ternary Chlorides and Bromides of the Rare-Earth Elements", Inorganic Syntheses, 1990, Volume 30, pp. 72–81. {{DOI|10.1002/9780470132616.ch15}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Praseodymium compounds]]
[[Category:Praseodymium compounds]]
[[Category:Metal halides]]
[[Category:Metal halides]]

[[fr:Chlorure de praséodyme]]

Revision as of 20:24, 12 December 2014

Praseodymium(III) chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Praseodymium(III) chloride
Other names
Praseodymium chloride; praseodymium trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.710 Edit this at Wikidata
  • InChI=1S/3ClH.Pr/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
  • Cl[Pr](Cl)Cl
Properties
PrCl3
Molar mass 247.24 g/mol (anhydrous)
373.77 g/mol (heptahydrate)
Appearance blue-green solid (anhydrous)
light green solid (heptahydrate)
Density 4.02 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.250 g/cm3 (heptahydrate)
Melting point 786 °C (1,447 °F; 1,059 K)
Boiling point 1,710 °C (3,110 °F; 1,980 K)
104.0 g/100 ml (13 °C)
Structure
hexagonal (UCl3 type), hP8
P63/m, No. 176
Tricapped trigonal prismatic
(nine-coordinate)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Irritant
Related compounds
Other anions
 Praseodymium(III) oxide, Praseodymium(III) fluoride
Praseodymium bromide
praseodymium iodide
Other cations
 Cerium(III) chloride
Neodymium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Praseodymium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula PrCl3. It is a blue-green solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a light green heptahydrate.

Preparation

Praseodymium(III) chloride is prepared by treating praseodymium metal and hydrogen chloride:[1][2]

2 Pr + 6 HCl → 2 PrCl3 + 3 H2

It is usually purified by vacuum sublimation.[3]

Hydrated salts of praseodymium(III) chloride can be prepared by treatment of either praseodymium metal or praseodymium(III) carbonate with hydrochloric acid:

Pr2(CO3)3 + 6 HCl + 15 H2O → 2 [Pr(H2O)9]Cl3 + 3 CO2

PrCl3∙7H2O is a hygroscopic substance, that will not crystallise from the mother liquor unless it is left to dry in a dessiccator. Anhydrous PrCl3 can be made by thermal dehydration of the hydrate at 400 °C in the presence of ammonium chloride.[3][4] Alternatively the hydrate can be dehydrated using thionyl chloride.[3][5]

Reactions

Praseodymium(III) chloride is Lewis acidic, classified as "hard" according to the HSAB concept. Rapid heating of the hydrate may cause small amounts of hydrolysis.[3] PrCl3 forms a stable Lewis acid-base complex K2PrCl5 by reaction with potassium chloride; this compound shows interesting optical and magnetic properties.[1]

Aqueous solutions of praseodymium(III) chloride can be used to prepare insoluble praseodymium(III) compounds. For example, praseodymium(III) phosphate and praseodymium(III) fluoride can be prepared by reaction with potassium phosphate and sodium fluoride, respectively:

PrCl3 + K3PO4 → PrPO4 + 3 KCl
PrCl3 + 3 NaF → PrF3 + 3 NaCl

When heated with alkali metal chlorides, it forms a series of ternary (compounds containing three different elements) materials with the formulae MPr2Cl7, M3PrCl6, M2PrCl5, and M3Pr2Cl9 where M = K, Rb, Cs.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b J. Cybinska, J. Sokolnicki, J. Legendziewicz, G. Meyer, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 341, 115–123 (2002).
  2. ^ L. F. Druding, J. D. Corbett, "Lower Oxidation States of the Lanthanides. Neodymium(II) Chloride and Iodide", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83, 2462 (1961); J. D. Corbett, Rev. Chim. Minerale 10, 239 (1973),
  3. ^ a b c d F. T. Edelmann, P. Poremba, in: Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry, (W. A. Herrmann, ed.), Vol. 6, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1997.
  4. ^ M. D. Taylor, P. C. Carter, "Preparation of anhydrous lanthanide halides, especially iodides", J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 24, 387 (1962); J. Kutscher, A. Schneider, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 7, 815 (1971).
  5. ^ J. H. Freeman, M. L. Smith, "The preparation of anhydrous inorganic chlorides by dehydration with thionyl chlorid", J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 7, 224 (1958).
  6. ^ Gerd Meyer, "Ternary Chlorides and Bromides of the Rare-Earth Elements", Inorganic Syntheses, 1990, Volume 30, pp. 72–81. doi:10.1002/9780470132616.ch15

Further reading

  1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (58th edition), CRC Press, West Palm Beach, Florida, 1977.
  2. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press, 1984.
  3. S. Sugiyama, T. Miyamoto, H. Hayashi, M. Tanaka, J. B. Moffat Journal of Molecular Catalysis A, 118, 129-136 (1997).
  4. Druding L. F., Corbett J. D., Ramsey B. N. (1963). "Rare Earth Metal-Metal Halide Systems. VI. Praseodymium Chloride". Inorganic Chemistry. 2 (4): 869–871. doi:10.1021/ic50008a055.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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