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In typography, overstrike is a method of printing characters that are missing from the printer's character set.^[1] The character is created by placing one character on another one – for example, overstriking ⟨L⟩ with ⟨-⟩ results in printing a ⟨Ł⟩ (L with stroke) character.^[2]

The ASCII code supports six different diacritics. These are: grave accent, tilde, acute accent (approximated by the apostrophe), diaeresis (double quote), cedilla (comma), and circumflex accent. Each is typed by typing the preceding character, then backspace, and then the 'related character', which is ⟨`⟩, ⟨~⟩, ⟨'⟩, ⟨"⟩, or ⟨^⟩, respectively for the above-mentioned accents.

With the wide adoption of Unicode (especially UTF-8, which supports a much larger number of characters in different writing systems), this technique is of little use today. However, combining characters such as diacritics are still used to depict characters which cannot be shown otherwise.

Many font renderers in computer programs invent missing bold characters by overstriking the normal character with itself, slightly horizontally offset. The horizontal offset is essential since, unlike a typewriter where repeating a letter in exactly the same space will make it darker, most modern printers will not darken repeated "strikes" to the same space. Actual bold fonts are designed with some features thicker and others the same size as a regular font, so the use of this "fake bold" is considered undesirable from a typographic point of view.

The character set for the APL programming language includes several characters that were printed by overstriking other characters on printing terminals such as the IBM 2741, for example the functions ⌽ and ⊖ may be used to reverse the elements of an array.

WordPerfect word processing program included an overstrike functionality.^[3]^[4] Microsoft Word and LibreOffice/OpenOffice do not. No known keyboard arrangement includes a function key that allows any two characters to be superimposed.

References

^ Kuehn, Jules; Mould, David (2021). Algorithmic Typewriter Art: Can 1000 Words Paint a Picture?. Graphics Interface 2021: Virtual Event, 28 - 29 May 2021. pp. 108–116. doi:10.20380/GI2021.13. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
^ Giese, Ronald L.; Lammert, Richard A. (1989). "Software Review #2: Hebrew Word-Processing for the Macintosh". Hebrew Studies. 30: 203–211. ISSN 0146-4094. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
^ Kahrel, Peter (1 January 1994). "Foreign languages in WordPerfect". Aslib Proceedings. 46 (5): 135–140. doi:10.1108/eb051357. ISSN 0001-253X. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
^ Gosling, Joanna (1990). "Enhancing Your Text". Easily into WordPerfect 5®. Macmillan Education UK. pp. 66–87. ISBN 978-1-349-11017-9.

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[1] Kuehn, Jules; Mould, David (2021). Algorithmic Typewriter Art: Can 1000 Words Paint a Picture?. Graphics Interface 2021: Virtual Event, 28 - 29 May 2021. pp. 108–116. doi:10.20380/GI2021.13. Retrieved 3 February 2024.

[2] Giese, Ronald L.; Lammert, Richard A. (1989). "Software Review #2: Hebrew Word-Processing for the Macintosh". Hebrew Studies. 30: 203–211. ISSN 0146-4094. Retrieved 3 February 2024.

[3] Kahrel, Peter (1 January 1994). "Foreign languages in WordPerfect". Aslib Proceedings. 46 (5): 135–140. doi:10.1108/eb051357. ISSN 0001-253X. Retrieved 3 February 2024.

[4] Gosling, Joanna (1990). "Enhancing Your Text". Easily into WordPerfect 5®. Macmillan Education UK. pp. 66–87. ISBN 978-1-349-11017-9.

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 {{More Citations Needed|date=February 2024}}
-In [[typography]], '''overstrike''' is a method of printing [[character (computing)|character]]s that are missing from the [[printer (computing)|printer]]'s [[character set]]. The character is created by placing one character on another one – for example, overstriking ⟨L⟩ with ⟨-⟩ results in printing a ⟨Ł⟩ ([[L with stroke]]) character.
+In [[typography]], '''overstrike''' is a method of printing [[character (computing)|character]]s that are missing from the [[printer (computing)|printer]]'s [[character set]].<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Kuehn |first1=Jules |last2=Mould |first2=David |title=Algorithmic Typewriter Art: Can 1000 Words Paint a Picture? |date=2021 |pages=108-116 |doi=10.20380/GI2021.13 |url=https://graphicsinterface.org/proceedings/gi2021/gi2021-13/ |access-date=3 February 2024 |language=en-CA|conference=Graphics Interface 2021: Virtual Event, 28 - 29 May 2021}}</ref> The character is created by placing one character on another one – for example, overstriking ⟨L⟩ with ⟨-⟩ results in printing a ⟨Ł⟩ ([[L with stroke]]) character.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Giese |first1=Ronald L. |last2=Lammert |first2=Richard A. |title=Software Review #2: Hebrew Word-Processing for the Macintosh |journal=Hebrew Studies |date=1989 |volume=30 |pages=203–211 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27909157 |access-date=3 February 2024 |issn=0146-4094}}</ref>
 The [[ASCII]] code supports six different [[diacritics]]. These are: [[grave accent]], [[tilde]], [[acute accent]] (approximated by the [[apostrophe]]), [[Diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] (double quote), [[cedilla]] (comma), and [[circumflex accent]]. Each is typed by typing the preceding character, then backspace, and then the 'related character', which is ⟨`⟩, ⟨~⟩, ⟨'⟩, ⟨"⟩, or ⟨^⟩, respectively for the above-mentioned accents.
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 The [[APL (codepage)|character set for the APL programming language]] includes several characters that were printed by overstriking other characters on printing terminals such as the [[IBM 2741]], for example the functions {{Key press|⌽}} and {{Key press|⊖}} may be used to reverse the elements of an array.
+[[WordPerfect]] word processing program included an overstrike functionality.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kahrel |first1=Peter |title=Foreign languages in WordPerfect |journal=Aslib Proceedings |date=1 January 1994 |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=135–140 |doi=10.1108/eb051357 |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb051357/full/html |access-date=3 February 2024 |issn=0001-253X}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gosling |first1=Joanna |title=Easily into WordPerfect 5® |date=1990 |publisher=Macmillan Education UK |isbn=978-1-349-11017-9 |pages=66–87 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-11017-9_8 |language=en |chapter=Enhancing Your Text}}</ref>
-[[WordPerfect]] word processing program included an overstrike functionality.
-[[Microsoft Word]] and [[LibreOffice Writer|LibreOffice]]/[[OpenOffice.org|OpenOffice]] do not.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kahrel |first1=Peter |title=Foreign languages in WordPerfect |journal=Aslib Proceedings |date=1 January 1994 |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=135–140 |doi=10.1108/eb051357 |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb051357/full/html |access-date=3 February 2024 |issn=0001-253X}}</ref>
+[[Microsoft Word]] and [[LibreOffice Writer|LibreOffice]]/[[OpenOffice.org|OpenOffice]] do not.
 No known [[Keyboard layout|keyboard arrangement]] includes a function key that allows any two characters to be superimposed.