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*Bessette AE, Roody WC & Bessette AR. (2000). ''North American boletes: A color guide to the fleshy pored mushrooms.'' China: Syracuse UP. 399 pp.
*Bessette AE, Roody WC & Bessette AR. (2000). ''North American boletes: A color guide to the fleshy pored mushrooms.'' China: Syracuse UP. 399 pp.
*{{cite journal | author = Bruns TD, Palmer JD | year = 1989 | title = Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA: ''Suillus'' and related genera | url = | journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = | pages = 349–362 }}
*{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/BF02103431 | author = Bruns TD, Palmer JD | year = 1989 | title = Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA: ''Suillus'' and related genera | url = | journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 349–362 | pmid = 2499689 }}
*Smith AH, Smith HV & Weber NS. (1981). ''How to know the non-gilled mushrooms.'' Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown. 324 pp.
*Smith AH, Smith HV & Weber NS. (1981). ''How to know the non-gilled mushrooms.'' Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown. 324 pp.
* ''National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms'', Knopf, 1981.
* ''National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms'', Knopf, 1981.

Revision as of 23:10, 17 February 2011

Suillus
S. luteus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Subkingdom:
Dikarya
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Subphylum:
Agaricomycotina
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Subclass:
Agaricomycetidae
Order:
Boletales
Family:
Suillaceae
Genus:
Suillus

Type species
Suillus luteus
(L.) Roussel
Synonyms[1]

Boletopsis Henn. 1898
Cricunopus P. Karst. 1881
Euryporus Quél. 1886
Fuscoboletinus Pomerl. & A.H. Sm. 1962
Gastrosuillus Thiers 1989
Ixocomus Quél. 1888
Mariaella ?utara 1987
Viscipellis subgen. Peplopus Quél. 1886
Peplopus (Quél.) Quél. ex Moug. & Ferry 1887
Pinuzza Gray 1821
Rostkovites P. Karst. 1881
Solenia Hill ex Kuntze
Boletus sect. Viscipellis Fr. 1838
Viscipellis (Fr.) Quél. 1886

Suillus is a genus of basidiomycete fungi in the family Suillaceae and order Boletales. The 50 species in the genus are associated with coniferous trees, and are mostly distributed in northern temperate locations, although some species have been introduced to the Southern Hemisphere.[2]

Taxonomy

The genus Suillus was first named by British botanist Samuel Frederick Gray in 1821, in the first volume of his Natural Arrangement of British Plants. Setting Suillus luteus as the type species, he described the genus as those mushrooms with a centrally-placed stem, a distinct ring, a circular cap, and tubes that stuck together.[3]

Description

Structures of the fungi in this genus in common with other members of the genus Boletales include the presence of a cylindrical stem, cap, soft flesh and tubular hymenium. Specific characteristics common to most species in Suillus are the cap cuticle which is slimy and sticky when moist, as well as the strong mycorrhizal relationship developed with coniferous trees. They have been commonly called "slippery jacks" because the cap of the fruiting body is sometimes slimy. The genus name is derived from the Latin sus, meaning "pig". Prior to 1997, the genus Suillus was considered part of the family Boletaceae.

Intra-genus variation may be demonstrated by differences in colour and ornamentation of the cap cuticle, flesh, pores and stem, the presence of a partial veil in immature forms and annuli thereafter, pore shape and distribution, as well as habitat. The cap cuticle is dark brown in S. brevipes, and yellow in S. grevillei. S. granulatus has a smooth cap cuticle, while that of S. lakei is finely scaly. The pores are bright yellow in S. collinitus, cinnamon in S. variegatus and grey in S. viscidus; in shape they are round in S. luteus and angular in S. bovinus. The flesh is white to yellow in S. luteus, while it is pallid in S. variegatus with a tendency to turn blue when exposed to air. Young S. luteus and S. grevillei bear partial veils whose remnants remain as annuli hanging from the stem; in S. granulatus the stem is bare. S. viscidus and S. grevillei occur under larch (Larix) only, while S. sibiricus is restricted to a few species of pine (Pinus).

Some Suillus species are edible but none are highly esteemed. In some species, the slimy cap coat acts as a purgative when consumed and should be removed before cooking. Species of Suillus have been associated with the term "bolete", given to members of other genera bearing pores, most notably Boletus.

Distribution

Species of Suillus are found all over the northern hemisphere where members of the tree family Pinaceae can be found. Although a few species are distributed in tropical regions (usually mountainous areas), most are limited to temperate areas. Some species have been introduced adventitiously with pine trees in pine plantations outside the natural area of Pinaceae.[4]

Some Suillus species have entered regional red lists as endangered or vulnerable. Seven European countries have listed S. sibiricus.[5] Individual countries have also listed other species, including S. flavidus, S. tridentinus, S. collinitus, S. plorans and S. lakei.[6]

Species

The cap underside of Suillus americanus showing angular yellow pores.
Suillus bovinus
Suillus brevipes
Suillus granulatus
Suillus grevillei
File:Suillus spraguei 24365.jpg
Suillus spraguei

A list of Suillus species is presented below.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Suillus Gray 1821". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
  2. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI. p. 672. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Gray SF. (1821). A Natural Arrangement of British Plants. Vol. 1. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. p. 646. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
  4. ^ Singer R. (1986). The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy (4th ed.). Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. pp. 752–57. ISBN 3-87429-254-1.
  5. ^ Anders Dahlberg, Council of Europe, Hjalmar Croneborg (2006). Council of Europe. p. 113. ISBN 9287159289. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Google Books
  6. ^ "Red Lists". European Council for the Conservation of Fungi. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  7. ^ Bruns TD, Grusiba LC, Trappe JM, Kerekes JF, Vellinga EC. (2010). "Suillus quiescens, a new species commonly found in the spore bank in California and Oregon". Mycologia. 102 (2): 438–46. doi:10.3852/09-149. PMID 20361510.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Bessette AE, Roody WC & Bessette AR. (2000). North American boletes: A color guide to the fleshy pored mushrooms. China: Syracuse UP. 399 pp.
  • Bruns TD, Palmer JD (1989). "Evolution of mushroom mitochondrial DNA: Suillus and related genera". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 28 (4): 349–362. doi:10.1007/BF02103431. PMID 2499689.
  • Smith AH, Smith HV & Weber NS. (1981). How to know the non-gilled mushrooms. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown. 324 pp.
  • National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms, Knopf, 1981.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suillus.
Wikispecies has information related to Suillus.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suillus&oldid=414522979"