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===Prime Minister of Pakistan===
===Prime Minister of Pakistan===
{{Main|Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984}}
In January 1985, [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Zia-ul-Haq]] announced to hold nationwide [[Pakistani general election, 1985|general elections]] that would be based on [[Non-partisan democracy|non-partisanism]]– there have been political rumors that the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] had a subsequent political role in such regards.{{rp|503}}<ref name="Springer, Pipes & Garfinkle">{{cite book|last1=Garfinkle|first1=Adam|last2=Pipes|first2=Daniel|title=Friendly Tyrants: An American Dilemma|date=1991|publisher=Springer|location=U.S.|isbn=9781349216765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SOxCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA503&dq=muhammad+khan+junejo+1985+election&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVpNq6tbTVAhVmhlQKHbZOC-oQuwUILDAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=31 July 2017|language=en|format=google books|chapter=Pakistan and the United States}}</ref>


Juneje was successful in defending his constituency from the [[Sanghar District|Sanghar District]] and was known to be a religio-political missionary of [[Pir Pagara|Pir Pagara]] who had been leading [[PML-F|his own political faction]] in [[Sindh]]. [[Zia-ul-Haq|President Zia]] considered three names for the appointment of the Prime Minister that included: [[Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi]], [[Liaquat Ali Jatoi|Liaquat Ali Jatoi]] and Junejo– all were from [[Sindh]]. After consulting with [[Pir Pagara|Pir Pagara]], President Zia hand-picked and appointed Junejo as [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] through an invitation to form the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] in accordance to the revival of [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution]].{{sfn|Lyon|2008|pp=93}}
⚫
Following the [[Pakistani general election, 1985|1985 elections]], in which candidates were unable to represent a political party, Zia appointed Junejo as his [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]].{{sfn|Lyon|2008|pp=93}} Zia assumed that Junejo would provide little opposition to Zia's programme; however Junejo began his term by pushing for the end of marial law and the re-introduction of political parties. Zia ended martial law in December 1985, less than a year after Junejo's appointment.<ref name=IndependentObit />

His mindset reflected a [[Conservatism in Pakistan|conservatism]] and was a powerful [[Feudalism in Pakistan|feudalist]] whom President Zia considered him to be ineffective in leading towards the [[Decision-making processes|decision-making processes]].{{rp|97-98}}<ref name="ANU E Press, Selochan & May">{{cite book|last1=May|first1=Ronald James|last2=Selochan|first2=Viberto|title=The Military and Democracy in Asia and the Pacific|date=2004|publisher=ANU E Press|isbn=9781920942007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrRwjKQchGYC&pg=PA96&dq=muhammad+khan+junejo+weak+decision&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMwJGOu7TVAhViwlQKHXCxCyEQ6wEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20khan%20junejo%20weak%20decision&f=false|accessdate=31 July 2017|language=en|format=googlebooks|chapter=Pakistan: The Civil-military relations in Praetorian state}}</ref>

⚫
Zia assumed that Junejo would provide little opposition to Zia's programme; however Junejo began his term by pushing for the end of marial law and the re-introduction of political parties. Zia ended martial law in December 1985, less than a year after Junejo's appointment.<ref name=IndependentObit />


It was shortly after the re-introduction of political parties that Junejo formed the element of the Pakistan Muslim League that became [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)|PML-J]], following his death.{{sfn|Lyon|2008|pp=120}}
It was shortly after the re-introduction of political parties that Junejo formed the element of the Pakistan Muslim League that became [[Pakistan Muslim League (J)|PML-J]], following his death.{{sfn|Lyon|2008|pp=120}}

Revision as of 21:32, 31 July 2017

Muhammad Khan Junejo
M.K. Junejo (1932–1993) in 1986
10th Prime Minister of Pakistan
In office
24 March 1985 – 29 May 1988
PresidentZia-ul-Haq
Preceded byZulfikar Ali Bhutto
Succeeded byBenazir Bhutto
Minister of Defence
In office
24 March 1985 – 29 May 1988
DeputyIjlal Haider Zaidi
(Defence Secretary)
Preceded byZia-ul-Haq
Succeeded byMahmoud Haroon
(caretaker)
Minister of Railways
In office
July 05 1978 – 23 April 1979
Preceded byN. A. Qureshi
Succeeded byMajor-General Jamal Said Khan
In office
1965–1969
PresidentAyub Khan
Preceded byF.M. Khan
Succeeded byAdmiral S.M. Ahsan
Minister of Health, Communications and Labour
In office
1963–1965
President of Pakistan Muslim League
In office
23 March 1985 – 29 May 1988
Preceded byZahoor Illahi
Succeeded byPir Pagara
Personal details
Born
Muhammad Khan Junejo

(1932-08-18)August 18, 1932
Sindhri Tharparkar in Mirpur Khas, Sind, British India
(Present-day Pakistan)
DiedMarch 18, 1993(1993-03-18) (aged 60)
Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Cause of deathLeukemia
Resting placeKarachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Citizenship Pakistan
Political partyPakistan Muslim League
(1962–1988)
Other political
affiliations		Pakistan Muslim League (J)
(1988-93)
Alma materSt. Patrick's College
Plumpton College, United Kingdom

Mohammad Khan Junejo (Urdu: محمد خان جونیجو Sindhi :محمد خان جوڻيجو), August 18, 1932–March 18, 1993), was a Pakistani politician and an agriculturist who served as the tenth Prime Minister of Pakistan, having elected in this capacity in 1985 until being dismissed in 1988.

Junejo, a powerful landowner, was educated in Karachi, having attend the St. Patrick's College, and was trained as an agriculturist at the Agricultural Institute near Hastings in the United Kingdom. He gained public notice when he joined the Ayub administration and subsequently held cabinet portfolio of railways, health, communications and labour from 1963–69.

After participating in the elections held in 1985, he was chosen to form the government on a Pakistan Muslim League's platform, of which, he took over the party's presidency. His government was noted for the support of conservatism, austerity measures that ultimately reduces the government budget deficits and repealed the emergency laws to allow the freedom of press and media in the country.[1] Despite strong resistance and fierce opposition from President Zia-ul-Haq, Junejo authorized his Foreign Minister Yakob Khan to sign and ratified the Geneva Accords in 1988. His relations with President Zia-ul-Haq also soured when he opened the parliamentary inquiry on Ojhri Camp disaster, also in 1988.

On 29 May 1988, Prime Minister Junejo was dismissed by President Zia who leveled charges on incompetency and economic stagflation and immediately called for new general elections. After the general elections held in 1988, he led his own faction while being ceremonial party's presidency.

In 1993, Junejo reportedly suffered from Leukemia (a form of Cancer), and died while undergoing treatment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Biography

Family background and early life

Mohammad Khan Junejo was born in Sindhri Tharparker in Mirpur Khas District, Sind, British India on 18 August 1932.: 241 [2][3] He was hailed from an influential agricultural landowner and feudalist family in Sind that had a traditional conservative mindset.: 11–48 [4]: 98 [5]

He was educated at the St. Patrick's High School in Karachi and later graduated from the St. Patrick's College.[1][6] He went to Hastings in England where he was trained as an agriculturist and earned a diploma to be certified in 1954.[7]

Political career

Upon returning from the United Kingdom in 1954, he joined the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and was elected as Mayor for Sanghar District and worked as a party worker for the Muslim League until 1963.[6] He participated in elections and was elected for West-Pakistan legislative assembly and soon he joined the Ayub administration and subsequently held cabinet department of Health, Communications and Labour until 1965.[6]

He again successfully participated in the presidential elections in 1965, and was elevated as the Minister of Railways under the Ayub administration which he served until 1969.[7] From 1970–77, he was unable to defend his constituency from Sanghar but became closer to religious leader Pir Pagara, of which he later became his political missionary.[1]

In 1977, he was named as a caretaker cabinet minister when General Zia-ul-Haq, the chief of army staff, took over the civilian government led by Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. From 1977–79, he served as the Railway minister but later resigned in 1979.[1]

Prime Minister of Pakistan

Main article: Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984

In January 1985, President Zia-ul-Haq announced to hold nationwide general elections that would be based on non-partisanism– there have been political rumors that the U.S. President Ronald Reagan had a subsequent political role in such regards.: 503 [8]

Juneje was successful in defending his constituency from the Sanghar District and was known to be a religio-political missionary of Pir Pagara who had been leading his own political faction in Sindh. President Zia considered three names for the appointment of the Prime Minister that included: Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, Liaquat Ali Jatoi and Junejo– all were from Sindh. After consulting with Pir Pagara, President Zia hand-picked and appointed Junejo as Prime Minister through an invitation to form the civilian government in accordance to the revival of constitution.[9]

His mindset reflected a conservatism and was a powerful feudalist whom President Zia considered him to be ineffective in leading towards the decision-making processes.: 97–98 [10]

Zia assumed that Junejo would provide little opposition to Zia's programme; however Junejo began his term by pushing for the end of marial law and the re-introduction of political parties. Zia ended martial law in December 1985, less than a year after Junejo's appointment.[7]

It was shortly after the re-introduction of political parties that Junejo formed the element of the Pakistan Muslim League that became PML-J, following his death.[11]

Zia dismissed the Junejo government in 1988, following an investigation into the Ojhri Camp disaster, and its decision to sign the Geneva Accords on Afghanistan.[12]

Junejo lost his government seat in the 1988 elections. He was elected to the National Assembly in 1990 and remained head of the PML. He held these posts until his death three years later.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Khalid, Hanif. "muhammad-khan-junejo". Gallery. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  2. ^ Collins, Louise Mooney; Turner, Roland (1993). The Annual Obituary. St. James Press. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  3. ^ Staff writers, Editorial contributors (1 June 2003). "Muhammad Khan Junejo | Former Prime Minister of Pakistan and President of Pakistan Muslim League" (html). Story Of Pakistan. Story Of Pakistan (biography). Retrieved 27 July 2017. {{cite web}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  4. ^ Iqbal, Syed Jawaid (1988). Third World International. S. J. Iqbal. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  5. ^ Malik, Anas (2010). "Leadership and Extraction". Political Survival in Pakistan: Beyond Ideology (googlebooks) (1st ed.). London, U.K: Routledge. ISBN 9781136904196. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  6. ^ a b c Khan, Mohammad. "Muhammad Khan Junejo| Biography | Muhammad Khan Junejo biography". www.urdubiography.com. Urdu Biography. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d Ahmed Rashid (19 March 1993). "Obituary: Muhammad Khan Junejo". Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  8. ^ Garfinkle, Adam; Pipes, Daniel (1991). "Pakistan and the United States". Friendly Tyrants: An American Dilemma (google books). U.S.: Springer. ISBN 9781349216765. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  9. ^ Lyon 2008, pp. 93.
  10. ^ May, Ronald James; Selochan, Viberto (2004). "Pakistan: The Civil-military relations in Praetorian state". The Military and Democracy in Asia and the Pacific (googlebooks). ANU E Press. ISBN 9781920942007. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  11. ^ Lyon 2008, pp. 120.
  12. ^ Kamal Siddiqi (14 April 1998). "Ojhri disaster saw end of Junejo govt: Report". Indian Express. Retrieved 4 May 2013.

Bibliography

Lyons, Peter (2008), Conflict between India and Pakistan: an encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 9781576077122

Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Pakistan
1985–1988 		Succeeded by
Minister of Defence
1985–1988 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of the Interior
1985 		Succeeded by
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