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In October 2016, the [[Advertising Standards Council of India]] banned an advertisement for BGR-34 that claimed of "curing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without any side effects". It held the advertisement to violate the [[Drugs & Magic Remedies Act]] by offering to cure an incurable disease and under the purview of disseminating unsubstantiated claims without any corresponding data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneylife.in/article/asci-bans-134-ads-including-himalaya-hul-gsk-mm-airtel-policybazaar-bgr-34-capsules-and-tata-docomo-in-july/48512.html|title=ASCI bans 134 ads, including Himalaya, HUL, GSK, M&M, Airtel, Policybazaar, BGR-34 capsules and Tata Docomo in July|website=Moneylife NEWS & VIEWS|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134328/https://www.moneylife.in/article/asci-bans-134-ads-including-himalaya-hul-gsk-mm-airtel-policybazaar-bgr-34-capsules-and-tata-docomo-in-july/48512.html|archive-date=2018-12-19|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> Mohan Nair, a pharmaceutical scientist and advisor to the [[National Task Force on Phyto-pharmaceuticals]], expressed his concern about exposing the populace to a drug that is not validated by a trial and about the potential harm to the credibility of CSIR.<ref name=":4" /> Sankaran Valiathan, chairman of the Task Force on Ayurvedic Biology of the Department of Science and Technology, criticized the CSIR for making unsubstantiated claims and releasing a drug without evaluating its safety and efficacy.<ref name=":4" /> Shailaja Chandra, former Secretary, Department of [[AYUSH]], mentioned the potential of the affair to bring Ayurveda and the research into it into disrepute.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|title=Ayurvedic drugs in case: Claims, evidence, regulations and ethics|journal=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine|volume=7|issue=3|pages=135–137|doi = 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.08.005|pmid=27640330|year = 2016|last1 = Patwardhan|first1 = Bhushan}}</ref> Avinash Bhondwe, senior vice-president of the [[Indian Medical Association]] said there was an absence of any comprehensive clinical study on most AYUSH drugs and urged the [[Central Drugs Standard Control Organization]] (FDA) to take measures.<ref name=":8" />
In October 2016, the [[Advertising Standards Council of India]] banned an advertisement for BGR-34 that claimed of "curing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without any side effects". It held the advertisement to violate the [[Drugs & Magic Remedies Act]] by offering to cure an incurable disease and under the purview of disseminating unsubstantiated claims without any corresponding data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneylife.in/article/asci-bans-134-ads-including-himalaya-hul-gsk-mm-airtel-policybazaar-bgr-34-capsules-and-tata-docomo-in-july/48512.html|title=ASCI bans 134 ads, including Himalaya, HUL, GSK, M&M, Airtel, Policybazaar, BGR-34 capsules and Tata Docomo in July|website=Moneylife NEWS & VIEWS|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134328/https://www.moneylife.in/article/asci-bans-134-ads-including-himalaya-hul-gsk-mm-airtel-policybazaar-bgr-34-capsules-and-tata-docomo-in-july/48512.html|archive-date=2018-12-19|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> Mohan Nair, a pharmaceutical scientist and advisor to the [[National Task Force on Phyto-pharmaceuticals]], expressed his concern about exposing the populace to a drug that is not validated by a trial and about the potential harm to the credibility of CSIR.<ref name=":4" /> Sankaran Valiathan, chairman of the Task Force on Ayurvedic Biology of the Department of Science and Technology, criticized the CSIR for making unsubstantiated claims and releasing a drug without evaluating its safety and efficacy.<ref name=":4" /> Shailaja Chandra, former Secretary, Department of [[AYUSH]], mentioned the potential of the affair to bring Ayurveda and the research into it into disrepute.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|title=Ayurvedic drugs in case: Claims, evidence, regulations and ethics|journal=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine|volume=7|issue=3|pages=135–137|doi = 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.08.005|pmid=27640330|year = 2016|last1 = Patwardhan|first1 = Bhushan}}</ref> Avinash Bhondwe, senior vice-president of the [[Indian Medical Association]] said there was an absence of any comprehensive clinical study on most AYUSH drugs and urged the [[Central Drugs Standard Control Organization]] (FDA) to take measures.<ref name=":8" />


A [[The Lancet|Lancet]] paper described the boom of alternative therapies for diabetes in India as hype and pointed to multiple systemic reviews that highlighted several methodological problems with the studies and trials conducted by AYUSH and its associates. It also criticized the ICMR guidelines that waived or relaxed the rules for rigorous pharmacological and toxicology studies for Ayurvedic products provided they were "prepared in same way as mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic treatises".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(15)00515-X/fulltext|title=Alternative medicines for diabetes in India: Maximum hype, minimum science|journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology|volume=4|issue=4|pages=302–303|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00515-X|pmid=27016323|year=2016|last1=Misra|first1=Anoop|last2=Gulati|first2=Seema|last3=Luthra|first3=Atul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/New-herbal-drug-developed-by-CSIR-promises-better-management-of-diabetes/articleshow/54549527.cms|title=New herbal drug developed by CSIR promises better management of diabetes - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223190527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/New-herbal-drug-developed-by-CSIR-promises-better-management-of-diabetes/articleshow/54549527.cms|archive-date=2018-12-23|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref>
A [[The Lancet|Lancet]] paper described the boom of alternative therapies for diabetes in India as hype and pointed to multiple systemic reviews that highlighted several methodological problems with the studies and trials conducted by AYUSH and its associates. It also criticized the ICMR guidelines that waived or relaxed the rules for rigorous pharmacological and toxicology studies for Ayurvedic products provided they were "prepared in same way as mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic treatises".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(15)00515-X/fulltext|title=Alternative medicines for diabetes in India: Maximum hype, minimum science|journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology|volume=4|issue=4|pages=302–303|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00515-X|pmid=27016323|year=2016|last1=Misra|first1=Anoop|last2=Gulati|first2=Seema|last3=Luthra|first3=Atul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/New-herbal-drug-developed-by-CSIR-promises-better-management-of-diabetes/articleshow/54549527.cms|title=New herbal drug developed by CSIR promises better management of diabetes - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223190527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/New-herbal-drug-developed-by-CSIR-promises-better-management-of-diabetes/articleshow/54549527.cms|archive-date=2018-12-23|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> Another paper in ''[[Advances in Therapy]]'' was critical of these ''unproven therapies'' for curing or managing Diabetes and noted the practices to be non-safe and non-efficient; despite a huge popularity among the masses. It also advocated for guidelines derived from clinical trial outcomes and that stricter regulations need to be enforced on CAM practices to ensure their safety and effectiveness.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kesavadev|first=Jothydev|last2=Saboo|first2=Banshi|last3=Sadikot|first3=Shaukat|last4=Das|first4=Ashok Kumar|last5=Joshi|first5=Shashank|last6=Chawla|first6=Rajeev|last7=Thacker|first7=Hemant|last8=Shankar|first8=Arun|last9=Ramachandran|first9=Lakshmy|date=2017-01-01|title=Unproven Therapies for Diabetes and Their Implications|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-016-0439-x|journal=Advances in Therapy|language=en|volume=34|issue=1|pages=60–77|doi=10.1007/s12325-016-0439-x|issn=1865-8652|pmc=PMC5216071|pmid=27864668}}</ref>


In an article in ''[[Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine]]'', [[Bhushan Patwardhan]] criticized the Government regulations in these areas as lackadaisical and held it to be unsatisfactory in ensuring the non-exploitation of the broader populace. He also noted a long-prevalent pattern of the CSIR investing efforts into launching multiple drugs with obscure scientific credentials that often fizzled out after a gala launch and described it to be primarily inept with a potential to erode the credibility of Indian traditions and knowledge heritage. He also said many senior scientists from CSIR were sceptical of such "populistic and market driven propaganda" and that the preference for undertaking scientific research by the means of media headlines rather than by publications in credible scientific journals was worrying.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/whip-looms-on-misleading-ayurveda-ads/cid/1518129|title=Whip looms on misleading ayurveda ads|website=telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-25}}</ref> The concerns have been echoed in other quarters with some noting the fund-crunch as the motivation for performing such shoddy but commercialize-able research.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cen.acs.org/content/cen/articles/96/web/2018/03/Scientists-Indias-government-labs-struggle.html|title=Scientists at India’s government labs struggle to adjust to changing priorities {{!}} Chemical & Engineering News|website=cen.acs.org|access-date=2019-02-02}}</ref>
In an article in ''[[Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine]]'', [[Bhushan Patwardhan]] criticized the Government regulations in these areas as lackadaisical and held it to be unsatisfactory in ensuring the non-exploitation of the broader populace. He also noted a long-prevalent pattern of the CSIR investing efforts into launching multiple drugs with obscure scientific credentials that often fizzled out after a gala launch and described it to be primarily inept with a potential to erode the credibility of Indian traditions and knowledge heritage. He also said many senior scientists from CSIR were sceptical of such "populistic and market driven propaganda" and that the preference for undertaking scientific research by the means of media headlines rather than by publications in credible scientific journals was worrying.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/whip-looms-on-misleading-ayurveda-ads/cid/1518129|title=Whip looms on misleading ayurveda ads|website=telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-25}}</ref> The concerns have been echoed in other quarters with some noting the fund-crunch as the motivation for performing such shoddy but commercialize-able research.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cen.acs.org/content/cen/articles/96/web/2018/03/Scientists-Indias-government-labs-struggle.html|title=Scientists at India’s government labs struggle to adjust to changing priorities {{!}} Chemical & Engineering News|website=cen.acs.org|access-date=2019-02-02}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:13, 19 February 2019

BGR-34 (Blood Glucose Regulator 34[1]) is an Ayurvedic drug that is sold in India as an over-the-counter pill for the management of type 2 diabetes. It was developed in 2015 by two laboratories owned by the national government and launched commercially in 2016.

The drug has been heavily criticized as a sham treatment.[2] Without high quality trials, the efficacy of the drug remains unproven.[3][4] The manufacturers have refused to acknowledge the claims of inefficacy and other concerns.

Development

BGR-34 was co-developed by two national government-owned laboratories, National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) and Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) under the patronage of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).[5][6] The formulation was publicized in September 2015 as NBRMAP-DB[7] and it was launched commercially by AIMIL Pharmaceuticals in June 2016. Upon launch, it was priced at ₹5 (0.07 USD) per 500 milligram tablet, which was to be consumed twice a day.[8][9][10][11] CSIR has claimed BGR-34 to be the first Indian ayurvedic anti-diabetic drug[3] and the laboratories were awarded the CSIR Technology Award in 2016 in the Life Sciences category.[12]

Ingredients

The raw materials for BGR-34 are derived from six plants; Berberis aristata (daruharidra), Tinospora cordifolia (giloy), Pterocarpus marsupium (vijaysar), Gymnema sylvestre (gudmar), Rubia cordifolia (manjeestha) and Fenugreek (methi).[8][5][13] They were claimed to have been chosen from an "in-depth study of over 500 renowned ancient herbs".[8]

Pharmacological claims

The formulation purportedly releases 34 active phytoconstituents, which works as DPP-4 Inhibitors to regulate blood glucose levels.[8] CSIR had also claimed the drug has several side-benefits and can stave off dependency on insulin or other allopathic drugs.[8][14] It was advertised as being free of side-effects.[15][5][16] A trial on animals had supposedly exhibited a success rate of ~67%.[9]

A clinical trial in one of CSIR's Ayurvedic hospitals involving 56 (48) patients was uploaded months to Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) months later and subsequently published in European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, a predatory journal.[17][18][13][11][19] It showed neither any pharmacokinetic data nor any statistical analysis but minimally said the trial "show(ed) promising results" and that in light of the "significant improvement in the feeling of wellbeing, it should be further extensively used as a monotherapy/adjunctive therapy".[20][15]

The same results were also publicized by a group of researchers – five from AIMIL and three doctors from the hospital – in a November-2017 conference held by the OMICS Publishing Group under the ConferenceSeries banner.[21][19] OMICS is near-unanimously held to be a predatory publisher[22][23][24] with little to non-existent quality-control and their conferences have been subject to equivalent criticism.[25][26][27][28]

The same group of researchers, sans two of the doctors, ran a clinical trial in 2018 which was said to have been conducted according to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines concerning trials of ayurvedic substances. The finding were published in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, wherein BGR-34 was successful in controlling the glycosylated haemoglobin levels of about 50% of patients.[5][29] The study also located noticeable reductions in fasting blood glucose levels and postprandial glucose levels.[29]

Reception

Upon its launch as a scientifically validated drug,[30][13] which was supposedly approved by the Ministry of AYUSH,[3][31][32] multiple media outlets deemed it favourable,[33][15] and called it a "breakthrough-drug", especially in light of its low price.[9][13] Claims of high clinical efficacy in multiple clinical and animal trials were reported by CSIR.[13][34] At the ceremony of the platinum jubilee of CSIR, Prime Minister Narendra Modi mentioned the drug as an achievement of the institution.[35]

Criticism

BGR-34 was the subject of criticism from multiple quarters.[3][36][37][38] There was a prolonged absence of any published clinical trial(s) of the drug and the claims of its efficacy could not be verified.[39][19] No publications about scientific research undertaken into the drug about contraindication, toxicology and other problems could be located either.[19][15][35][40][3] Despite being branded as an ayurvedic product, there was no patent application at the National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) corpus[15] or the Intellectual property in India portal.[13] The claims that BGR-34 was less costly than equivalent allopathic drugs were also determined to be misleading.[15][13][41]

Physicians noted concerns about the safety of the drug,[15][13] multiple side-effects were reported[42][43] and it was near-unanimously described as inefficient.[44]

In October 2016, the Advertising Standards Council of India banned an advertisement for BGR-34 that claimed of "curing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without any side effects". It held the advertisement to violate the Drugs & Magic Remedies Act by offering to cure an incurable disease and under the purview of disseminating unsubstantiated claims without any corresponding data.[45] Mohan Nair, a pharmaceutical scientist and advisor to the National Task Force on Phyto-pharmaceuticals, expressed his concern about exposing the populace to a drug that is not validated by a trial and about the potential harm to the credibility of CSIR.[40] Sankaran Valiathan, chairman of the Task Force on Ayurvedic Biology of the Department of Science and Technology, criticized the CSIR for making unsubstantiated claims and releasing a drug without evaluating its safety and efficacy.[40] Shailaja Chandra, former Secretary, Department of AYUSH, mentioned the potential of the affair to bring Ayurveda and the research into it into disrepute.[46] Avinash Bhondwe, senior vice-president of the Indian Medical Association said there was an absence of any comprehensive clinical study on most AYUSH drugs and urged the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (FDA) to take measures.[36]

A Lancet paper described the boom of alternative therapies for diabetes in India as hype and pointed to multiple systemic reviews that highlighted several methodological problems with the studies and trials conducted by AYUSH and its associates. It also criticized the ICMR guidelines that waived or relaxed the rules for rigorous pharmacological and toxicology studies for Ayurvedic products provided they were "prepared in same way as mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic treatises".[47][48] Another paper in Advances in Therapy was critical of these unproven therapies for curing or managing Diabetes and noted the practices to be non-safe and non-efficient; despite a huge popularity among the masses. It also advocated for guidelines derived from clinical trial outcomes and that stricter regulations need to be enforced on CAM practices to ensure their safety and effectiveness.[49]

In an article in Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Bhushan Patwardhan criticized the Government regulations in these areas as lackadaisical and held it to be unsatisfactory in ensuring the non-exploitation of the broader populace. He also noted a long-prevalent pattern of the CSIR investing efforts into launching multiple drugs with obscure scientific credentials that often fizzled out after a gala launch and described it to be primarily inept with a potential to erode the credibility of Indian traditions and knowledge heritage. He also said many senior scientists from CSIR were sceptical of such "populistic and market driven propaganda" and that the preference for undertaking scientific research by the means of media headlines rather than by publications in credible scientific journals was worrying.[46][50] The concerns have been echoed in other quarters with some noting the fund-crunch as the motivation for performing such shoddy but commercialize-able research.[3][51]

Consumer reviews have been mixed[13][15] and court-cases have been lodged to stall the sale of the drug.[52]

Response

Despite longstanding concerns and criticism, the CSIR has continued to call BGR-34 a revolutionary innovation.[53] Girish Sahni, Director General of CSIR in 2018, said the drug "is matching the efficacy level of any branded modern medicine in controlling the sugar level", and the Union Science and Technology Ministry praised it as a major achievement of CSIR under the Modi government.[54] Harsh Vardhan, Minister for Science & Technology has claimed of the drug being well received by people and that it has been proven to significantly reduce blood glucose level.[55]

In response to a question in the Rajya Sabha, Shripad Naik, Union Minister of State for Ministry of AYUSH said BGR-34 was "scientifically tested and very effective in treating type 2 Diabetes" and that the drug has been successful.[33] In contrast, in an interview to The Wire, outgoing secretary of the AYUSH ministry, Ajit M. Sharan rejected AIMIL's claim of being ''approved by Ministry of AYUSH'' and noted that the ministry was not any involved in the affairs.[32]

There has been aggressive marketing of the drug and it has been inducted into the Anti-Diabetes Campaigns by central and state authorities.[56][57][58]

Similar drugs

Anti-diabetic

Multiple anti-diabetic ayurvedic drugs have been developed and licensed to private industries for production along the same lines.[46] Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), an autonomous body of the Ministry of AYUSH, developed[36] a second drug for diabetes called AYUSH-82, containing five herbal ingredients; karela, jamun, amra, Gymnema sylvestre (gudmar) and shilajeet.[clarification needed][15] CCRAS scientists said it permanently cures type-II diabetes within six months and that it has no side-effects.[46] The distribution and manufacturing rights were granted to Kudos laboratories, which subsequently re-branded it as IME9.[15]

Similar criticisms about an absence of rigorous pharmacological studies and a lack of meaningful clinical trials, coupled with publications in dubious predatory journals were noted.[46][17]

Others

The ministry of AYUSH, CSIR and other national laboratories have been subject to similar criticism for the development cum aggressive advocacy and commercialization of multiple sham-drugs and treatment-regimes for a variety of other diseases including dengue,[59][60][61][62][38] chikungunya, swine flu,[63] asthma, autism,[64] malaria,[65] AIDS,[66] cancer et al[67] despite a near-similar absence of rigorous pharmacological studies and/or meaningful clinical trials.[17][42][46][68][69][3][70][71][72][73][74][75][76]

At-least one drug (AYUSH-64) has been proved to be drastically inefficient in a clinical trial held by independent researchers.[77] A Cochrane review about another anti-malarial drug—Arteether noted that more trials with a larger number of participants were necessary to conclude its efficacy and safety.[78][79]

References

  1. ^ Somasekhar, M. "2 years on, markets still hypo about herbal diabetes drug". @businessline. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
  2. ^ "Seven of the Fishiest 'Science' Claims Indians Made in 2016". The Wire. Archived from the original on 2018-12-18. Retrieved 2018-12-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Sengupta, Nirmal (2018). Traditional Knowledge in Modern India: Preservation, Promotion, Ethical Access and Benefit Sharing Mechanisms. Springer. ISBN 9788132239222. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2019-01-09. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Singh, Seema (4 November 2016). "A dubious diabetes drug, regulatory confusion, and a potential PIL". The Ken.Com. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b c d May 19, P. T. I.; May 19, 2018UPDATED:; Ist, 2018 15:35. "Herbal drug BGR-34 helps cutting down heart attack risk : study". India Today. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2018-12-15. {{cite web}}: |first3= has numeric name (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ "Diabetes - CSIR-CIMAP". cimap.res.in. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
  7. ^ IANS (2017-03-22). "BGR-34 most cost-effective Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes". Mangalorean.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2018-12-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e "CSIR launches ayurvedic anti-diabetic drug BGR-34". @businessline. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
  9. ^ a b c www.ETHealthworld.com. "Scientifically validated Rs 5 anti-diabetes herbal drug launched by CSIR - ET HealthWorld". ETHealthworld.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2018-12-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Pilla, Viswanath (2015-10-26). "Five rupee herbal pill to treat diabetes". livemint.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2018-12-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b "BGR-34 PRODUCT". pib.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2018-12-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ September 26, P. T. I.; September 26, 2016UPDATED:; Ist, 2016 20:20. "Govt announces recipients of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award". India Today. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2018-12-26. {{cite web}}: |first3= has numeric name (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Centre Approves Ayurvedic Drug – But Its Science is Missing". The Wire. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2018-12-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ CHHABRA, RAHUL (2018-09-17). "Centre plans Ayurveda-for-diabetes campaign". The Asian Age. Archived from the original on 2018-12-16. Retrieved 2018-12-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Shaikh, Dr Sumaiya (2017-08-13). "Are AYUSH supported BGR-34 and IME-9 drugs safe and effective for diabetes?". Alt News. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2018-12-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "BGR-34 – Aimil Pharmaceuticals". Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2018-12-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b c Pulla, Priyanka (2018-02-25). "Big claims, little evidence". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2018-12-16.
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  21. ^ Pulla, Priyanka (2018-04-21). "Science education in English is exclusionary: PSA K. Vijay Raghavan". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2019-02-02.
  22. ^ Declan Butler, "Investigating journals: The dark side of publishing" Archived 2018-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Nature, 27 March 2013
  23. ^ "On the Net, a scam of a most scholarly kind" Archived 2015-06-05 at the Wayback Machine The Hindu, 26 September 2012.
  24. ^ Beall, Jeffrey (2010-07-01). "Update: Predatory Open-Access Scholarly Publishers". The Charleston Advisor. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
  25. ^ Beall, Jeffrey (13 October 2016). "Bogus British Company "Accredits" OMICS Conferences". Scholarly Open Access. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Hunt, Elle (22 October 2016). "Nonsense paper written by iOS autocomplete accepted for conference". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2016-10-22. Retrieved 22 October 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Spears, Tom (3 March 2017). "When pigs fly: Fake science conferences abound for fraud and profit". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 2018-08-03. Retrieved 2018-12-20. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Spears, Tom (5 June 2017). "Fake science publisher offers shoddy continuing education for doctors, nurses". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2018-12-20. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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