Stegodyphus: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Genus of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
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| image = S.lineatus.jpg
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| image_caption = ''[[Stegodyphus lineatus]]''
| taxon = Stegodyphus
| taxon = Stegodyphus
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| image = S.lineatus.jpg
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| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1873
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| image_caption = ''Stegodyphus lineatus''
| diversity_link = List of Eresidae species#Stegodyphus
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| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1873<ref name=NMBE />
| diversity = 21 species
| type_species = ''[[Stegodyphus lineatus|Eresus lineatus]]''
| type_species = ''[[Stegodyphus lineatus|S. lineatus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1817
| type_species_authority = ([[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1817)
| range_map =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = 20, [[#Species|see text]]
| synonyms =
*''Magunia'' <small>[[Pekka T. Lehtinen|Lehtinen]], 1967</small><ref name=Krau1989>{{cite journal| last=Kraus| first=O.| last2=Kraus| first2=M.| year=1989| title=The genus Stegodyphus (Arachnida, Araneae). Sibling species, species groups, and parallel origin of social living| journal=Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg| volume=30| page=167}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=NMBE />
}}
}}
'''''Stegodyphus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Eresidae|velvet spiders]] that was first described by [[Eugène Simon]] in 1873.<ref name=Simo1873>{{cite journal| last=Simon| first=E.| year=1873| title=Etudes arachnologiques. 2e Mémoire. III. Note sur les espèces européennes de la famille des Eresidae.| journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de France| pages=335-358| volume=3| issue=5}}</ref> They are distributed from [[Africa]] to [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], with two species (''S. manaus'' and ''S. annulipes'') found in [[Brazil]]. The name is derived from [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|στέγω}} (''[[wikt:στέγω|stegos]]''), meaning "covered".
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[[File:Social spider (Stegodyphus dumicola) nest.jpg|thumb|Nest of ''S. dumicola''<br>[[Kwa-Zulu Natal]], [[South Africa]]]]

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At least three species are [[social spider]]s,<ref>{{cite journal| last=Majer| first=M.| display-authors=etal| year=2013| url=http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/9| title=Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders across continents – case study of the genus ''Stegodyphus''| journal=Frontiers in Zoology| volume=10| issue=9}}</ref> and several are known to use [[ballooning (spider)|ballooning]] as a method of dispersal.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Schneider| first=J. M.| display-authors=etal| year=2001| url=http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v29_n1/arac_29_01_0114.pdf| title=Dispersal of ''Stegodyphus dumicola'' (Araneae, Eresidae): They do balloon after all!| journal=The Journal of Arachnology| volume=29| pages=114-16}}</ref>


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[[File:Social spider (Stegodyphus dumicola) nest.jpg|thumb|Nest of ''S. dumicola''<br>[[Kwa-Zulu Natal]], [[South Africa]]]]
'''''Stegodyphus''''' is a genus of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] spiders in the family [[Eresidae]]. The 21 species are distributed from [[Africa]] to [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], with two species (''S. manaus'' and ''S. annulipes'') found in [[Brazil]].
[[File:Colonial Spiders (Stegodyphus dumicola) (6607372243).jpg|thumb|left|The community nesting spider, ''[[Stegodyphus dumicola|S. dumicola]]'']]
[[File:Colonial Spiders (Stegodyphus dumicola) (6607372243).jpg|thumb|left|The community nesting spider, ''[[Stegodyphus dumicola|S. dumicola]]'']]
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At least three species are [[social spider]]s.<ref>Majer, M., et al. (2013). [http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/9 Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders across continents – case study of the genus ''Stegodyphus''.] ''Frontiers in Zoology'' 10:9.</ref> Several species are known to use [[ballooning (spider)|ballooning]] as a method of dispersal.<ref>Schneider, J. M., et al. (2001). [http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v29_n1/arac_29_01_0114.pdf Dispersal of ''Stegodyphus dumicola'' (Araneae, Eresidae): They do balloon after all!] ''The Journal of Arachnology'' 29 114-16.</ref>

==Name==
The genus name is derived from [[Ancient Greek]] ''stegos'', meaning "covered".


==Species==
==Species==
{{as of|2019|05}} it contains twenty species:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Gen. Stegodyphus Simon, 1873| website=World Spider Catalog Version 20.0| accessdate=2019-06-03| year=2019| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/855| doi=10.24436/2}}</ref>
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* ''[[Stegodyphus africanus]]'' <small>(Blackwall, 1866)</small> — Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus bicolor]]'' <small>(O. P.-Cambridge, 1869)</small> — Southern Africa
*''[[Stegodyphus africanus]]'' <small>([[John Blackwall|Blackwall]], 1866)</small> – Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus dufouri]]'' <small>(Audouin, 1826)</small> — North, West Africa
*''[[Stegodyphus bicolor]]'' <small>([[Octavius Pickard-Cambridge|O. Pickard-Cambridge]], 1869)</small> – Southern Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus dumicola]]'' <small>Pocock, 1898</small> — Central, South Africa
*''[[Stegodyphus dufouri]]'' <small>([[Jean Victoire Audouin|Audouin]], 1826)</small> – North, West Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus hildebrandti]]'' <small>(Karsch, 1878)</small> — Central, East Africa, Zanzibar
*''[[Stegodyphus dumicola]]'' <small>[[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1898</small> – Central, Southern Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus hisarensis]]'' <small>Arora & Monga, 1992</small> — India
*''[[Stegodyphus hildebrandti]]'' <small>([[Ferdinand Karsch|Karsch]], 1878)</small> – Central, East Africa, Zanzibar
* ''[[Stegodyphus lineatus]]'' <small>(Latreille, 1817)</small> — Europe to Tajikistan
*''[[Stegodyphus hisarensis]]'' <small>Arora & Monga, 1992</small> – India
* ''[[Stegodyphus lineifrons]]'' <small>Pocock, 1898</small> — East Africa
*''[[Stegodyphus lineatus]]'' <small>(Latreille, 1817)</small> ([[Type_species|type]]) – Southern Europe, North Africa to Tajikistan
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*''[[Stegodyphus lineifrons]]'' <small>Pocock, 1898</small> – East Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus manaus]]'' <small>Kraus & Kraus, 1992</small><ref>Kraus, O. & M. Kraus. (1992). Eresid spiders in the neotropics: ''Stegodyphus manaus'' n.sp. (Arachnida, Araneae, Eresidae). ''Verh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg'' 33 15-19.</ref> — Brazil
* ''[[Stegodyphus manicatus]]'' <small>Simon, 1876</small> — North, West Africa
*''[[Stegodyphus manaus]]'' <small>Kraus & Kraus, 1992</small> – Brazil
* ''[[Stegodyphus mimosarum]]'' <small>Pavesi, 1883</small> — Africa, Madagascar
*''[[Stegodyphus manicatus]]'' <small>Simon, 1876</small> – North, West Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus mirandus]]'' <small>Pocock, 1899</small> — India
*''[[Stegodyphus mimosarum]]'' <small>Pavesi, 1883</small> – Africa, Madagascar
* ''[[Stegodyphus nathistmus]]'' <small>Kraus & Kraus, 1989</small> — Morocco to Aden
*''[[Stegodyphus mirandus]]'' <small>Pocock, 1899</small> – India
* ''[[Stegodyphus pacificus]]'' <small>Pocock, 1900</small> — Jordan, Iran, Pakistan, India
*''[[Stegodyphus nathistmus]]'' <small>Kraus & Kraus, 1989</small> – Morocco to Yemen
* ''[[Stegodyphus sabulosus]]'' <small>Tullgren, 1910</small> — East, Southern Africa
*''[[Stegodyphus pacificus]]'' <small>Pocock, 1900</small> – Jordan, Iran, Pakistan, India
* ''[[Stegodyphus sarasinorum]]'' <small>Karsch, 1891</small> — India, Sri Lanka, Nepal
*''[[Stegodyphus sabulosus]]'' <small>[[Albert Tullgren|Tullgren]], 1910</small> – East, Southern Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus simplicifrons]]'' <small>Simon, 1906</small> — Madagascar
*''[[Stegodyphus sarasinorum]]'' <small>Karsch, 1892</small> – India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar
* ''[[Stegodyphus tentoriicola]]'' <small>Purcell, 1904</small> — South Africa
*''[[Stegodyphus simplicifrons]]'' <small>Simon, 1906</small> – Madagascar
* ''[[Stegodyphus tibialis]]'' <small>(O. P.-Cambridge, 1869)</small> — India, Myanmar, Thailand
*''[[Stegodyphus tentoriicola]]'' <small>[[William Frederick Purcell|Purcell]], 1904</small> – South Africa
* ''[[Stegodyphus tingelin]]'' <small>Kraus & Kraus, 1989</small> — Cameroon
*''[[Stegodyphus tibialis]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869)</small> – India, Myanmar, Thailand, China
*''[[Stegodyphus tingelin]]'' <small>Kraus & Kraus, 1989</small> – Cameroon


==Notes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Platnick, N. I. (2007). [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html The World Spider Catalog], version 8.0. ''American Museum of Natural History''.


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1835835}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1835835}}


[[Category:Araneomorphae genera]]
[[Category:Eresidae]]
[[Category:Eresidae]]
[[Category:Araneomorphae genera]]
[[Category:Spiders described in 1873]]
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[[Category:Spiders of Africa]]
[[Category:Spiders of Asia]]
[[Category:Spiders of Asia]]
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[[Category:Spiders of Africa]]
[[Category:Spiders of Brazil]]
[[Category:Spiders of Brazil]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Eugène Simon]]

Revision as of 18:10, 3 June 2019

Stegodyphus
Stegodyphus lineatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Eresidae
Genus: Stegodyphus
Simon, 1873[1]
Type species
S. lineatus
(Latreille, 1817)
Species

20, see text

Synonyms[1]

Stegodyphus is a genus of velvet spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1873.[3] They are distributed from Africa to Europe and Asia, with two species (S. manaus and S. annulipes) found in Brazil. The name is derived from Ancient Greek στέγω (stegos), meaning "covered".

At least three species are social spiders,[4] and several are known to use ballooning as a method of dispersal.[5]

Nest of S. dumicola
Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
The community nesting spider, S. dumicola

Species

As of May 2019 it contains twenty species:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Gen. Stegodyphus Simon, 1873". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
  2. ^ Kraus, O.; Kraus, M. (1989). "The genus Stegodyphus (Arachnida, Araneae). Sibling species, species groups, and parallel origin of social living". Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg. 30: 167.
  3. ^ Simon, E. (1873). "Etudes arachnologiques. 2e Mémoire. III. Note sur les espèces européennes de la famille des Eresidae". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 3 (5): 335–358.
  4. ^ Majer, M.; et al. (2013). "Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders across continents – case study of the genus Stegodyphus". Frontiers in Zoology. 10 (9).
  5. ^ Schneider, J. M.; et al. (2001). "Dispersal of Stegodyphus dumicola (Araneae, Eresidae): They do balloon after all!" (PDF). The Journal of Arachnology. 29: 114–16.
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