.cat
 | |
| Introduced | 2005 |
|---|---|
| TLD type | Sponsored top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | Associació puntCAT |
| Sponsor | Fundació puntCat |
| Intended use | Catalan linguistic and cultural community |
| Registered domains | 112,984 (October 2017)[1] |
| Registration restrictions | Screening is done both before and after registration to ensure registrants are part of applicable community |
| Structure | Direct second-level registrations are allowed |
| Documents | ICANN New sTLD RFP Application |
| Dispute policies | UDRP, Charter Eligibility Dispute Resolution Procedure (CEDRP), Compliance Reconsideration Policy (CRP) |
| DNSSEC | Yes |
| Registry website | www.Domini.cat |
.cat (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈpunt ˈkat]) is a sponsored top-level domain intended to be used to highlight the Catalan language and culture. Its policy has been developed by ICANN and Fundació puntCAT. It was approved in September 2005.[2]
History
Before .cat was available, and given the reluctance of certain Catalan institutions, companies, and people, to use .es, .ad, .fr, .it domains (depending on the state respectively) for their domains, alternatives emerged.[3] An example of this was the website for the city of Girona in Catalonia, which preferred to use a .gi domain ("http://www.ajuntament.gi/", the word "ajuntament" meaning both "city council" and "town hall"), even though .gi is the country code for Gibraltar, instead of the corresponding .es as a Spanish local authority.[4]
To solve this matter, in September 2005 the .cat TLD was approved, designed to meet the wishes and needs of the Catalan linguistic and cultural community on the Internet. This community is made up of those who use Catalan for their online communications, and/or promote the different aspects of Catalan culture online and prefer it to any other domain. The initial registration period went from February 13, 2006, to April 21, 2006. The registry was open to everybody starting April 23, 2006.[5]
In September 2017 a Spanish court ordered that all .cat domain names that are being used for the intended Catalan independence referendum shall be taken down[6]. On September 20 the Spanish police raided the offices of puntCAT and arrested CTO Pep Masoliver for sedition [7]. Following this puntCAT released several tweets and a press statement on their website[8] that condemned this action, calling it "shameful and degrading, unworthy of a civilized country [and] immensely disproportionate".
On October 31, 2017 some Catalan Government websites including president.cat, govern.cat and catalangovernment.eu were taken down due to the current political crisis in Catalonia and due to the take over of authority by the Government of Spain.
Restrictions
The .cat domain is not territorial, but applies to the whole Catalan-speaking community, whether or not a site is based in Catalonia. In order to be granted a .cat domain, one needs to belong to the Catalan linguistic and cultural community on the Internet. A person, organization or company is considered to belong if they either:[5]
- already have content in Catalan published online.
- have access to a special code (sometimes called ENS), issued during special promotions or by agreements with certain institutions.
- develop activities (in any language) to promote the Catalan culture and language.
- are endorsed by 3 people or 1 institution already using a .cat domain name.
Despite the restrictions, the domain has been exploited for feline-related domain hacks, such as nyan.cat.[9] In September 2017, with the domain's filters weakened after the raid by Spanish police, American neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer was briefly hosted on a .cat address.[10][11]
Impact
Following the success of the .cat domain, other language and culture-based domain names have emerged, such as .eus and .gal for the Basque language and culture (Euskadi) and the Galician language and culture (Galicia), respectively, as well as the .bzh domain-name dedicated to the Breton language and culture in Brittany.[12][13][14]
References
- ^ "fundació.cat". fundacio.cat. 2017-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
- ^ "CAT". Domini.cat. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-24.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ The .ad domain is somewhat of an exception here, for Catalan is the main official language espoused by the government of Andorra and therefore there is no serious reluctance by the Catalan-speaking community to use the .ad domain there, since it is not associated with any perceived officially-fostered encroachment by other languages or with any perceived official sidelining or silencing of Catalan.
- ^ Currently http://www.ajuntament.gi/ redirects to http://www2.girona.cat/ca
- ^ a b "CAT". Domini.cat. Archived from the original on 2013-08-28. Retrieved 2013-10-24.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ "Domain Hacks - 100 Sites Using Unusual Top-Level Domains". webhost.al. 2015-05-14. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ^ Redondo, Mónica (October 6, 2017). "'The Daily Stormer' consiguió hacerse con el dominio .cat" (in Spanish). Hipertextual. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
- ^ Jeffries, Adrianne (October 6, 2017). "The Daily Stormer just lost its new .cat domain". The Outline. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
- ^ "Navegar en català" ("Navigating in Catalan"), Vilaweb, 16 May 2014. (Article in Catalan)
- ^ Internauta Radio Programme from 13 May 2014, about the .cat domain on the web and on the PuntCat Foundation, Vilaweb. (Programme & interview in Catalan). It can also be found here: Internauta Podcasts
- ^ PointBZH.com, Association www.bzh, Quimper. (Site in Breton, French and English)
External links
- Template:Ca icon Information and register process
- Peter Gerrand, 2006: 'Cultural diversity in cyberspace: The Catalan campaign to win the new .cat top level domain' (Issue 11:1)
- The European Cultural and Linguistic Domains Network.