1781 in music

List of years in music (Table)
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Events

• March - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart moves to Vienna to pursue his career, but is passed over in favour of Antonio Salieri as music teacher of Princess of Württemberg.
• June 27 - Mozart writes of his new pupil and admirer, Josepha Barbara Auernhammer: "I am almost every day after dinner at H: v: Auernhammer - The freulle is a monster!" *Christian Gottlob Neefe takes on the young Ludwig van Beethoven as a pupil.
• July 29 - Mozart receives the original libretto of his next opera, Die Entführung aus dem Serail from the director of the Nationalsingspiel, Gottlieb Stephanie.
• Étienne Méhul makes his first, unsuccessful attempts at orchestral composition.

Classical music

• Joseph Haydn – String Quartets, Op. 33
• Giovanni Paisiello – Concerto for Keyboard no 1 in C major
• Samuel Wesley – Concerto for Violin no 2 in D major

Opera

• Miles Peter Andrews & Samuel Arnold – The Baron Kinkvervankotsdorsprakingatchdern
• Antonio Calegari – Deucalione e Pirra
• Domenico Cimarosa – Giannina e Bernardone
• Elizabeth Craven et al. – The Silver Tankard
• Nicolas Dalayrac – Le Chevalier à la mode
• Marc-Antoine Désaugiers – Les Deux sylphes
• Joseph Haydn – La fedeltà premiata
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Idomeneo
• ass
• Antonio Salieri – Der Rauchfangkehrer
• Giuseppe Sarti – Giulio Sabino
• Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli – Montesuma

Births

• January 22 – François-Antoine Habeneck, composer
• March 11 – Anthony Philip Heinrich
• March 18 – Gustave Vogt, oboist and composer
• April 22 – Christian Friedrich Hermann Uber, composer
• May 24 – Louis-François Dauprat, composer and horn-player
• June 10 – Giovanni Battista Polledro, composer
• July 27 – Mauro Giuliani
• September 5 – Anton Diabelli
• November 3 – Johann Ernst Friedrich Wollank, composer
• November 18 – Felice Blangini, composer
• December 1 – Charles Philippe Lafont, composer
• unknown date – Vincent Novello

Deaths

• January 22 – Johann Siebenkas, composer
• February 4 – Josef Mysliveček, composer (b. 1737)
• May 22 – Garret Wesley Mornington, composer
• July 11 – Adolph Carl Kunzen, composer
• July 30 – Augustin Ullinger, composer
• October 9 – Thomas Erskine, 6th Earl of Kellie, musician and composer (b. 1732)
• October 27 – Herman-François Delange
• October – Anton Zimmermann, composer
• November 4 – Faustina Bordoni, operatic mezzo-soprano (b. 1697)
• date unknown – William Paxton, cellist (b. 1737)