2021 Nobel Peace Prize
 The 2021 Nobel Peace Prize | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date | 8 October 2021 |
| Location | Oslo |
| Country | Norway |
| Presented by | Norwegian Nobel Committee |
| Hosted by | Berit Reiss-Andersen |
| Reward(s) | 9.0 million SEK |
| First awarded | 1901 |
| 2021 laureate | Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov |
| Website | 2021 Nobel Peace Prize |
The 2021 Nobel Peace Prize was announced by the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo on 8 October 2021. Maria Ressa (b. 1963) and Dmitry Muratov (b. 1961) received the prize "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."[1]
The formal award ceremony was held in Oslo on 10 December 2021, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. In 2020, the ceremony returned to its former venue, the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, after being held in Oslo City Hall during the period 1990–2019.[2] In 2021, the ceremony returned to Oslo City Hall.[3]
There were 329 candidates for the prize when nominations closed on 31 January 2021.[4] The Norwegian News Agency reported earlier in 2021 that Maria Ressa had been nominated by Jonas Gahr Støre, the designated Prime Minister following the 2021 election,[5] and many sources in Russia claim that Dmitry Muratov was nominated by Mikhail Gorbachev.[citation needed]
Nomination process
Different groups of qualified nominators may nominate candidates, including members of national assemblies and national governments, heads of state, judges of certain international courts, (full) professor-level academics in relevant fields, and former laureates; a significant proportion of the nominations are submitted by Norwegian MPs and academics. Nominations are submitted to the Oslo-based Norwegian Nobel Committee, usually in a Scandinavian language (Norwegian, Swedish, Danish) or English. Nominations for the 2021 prize opened on 1 September 2020 and closed on 31 January 2021 (Norwegian time).[4]
Candidates
There are 329 candidates in 2021, 234 individuals and 95 organizations.[6] The Nobel Foundation is not allowed to publish nominations for at least 50 years.[7] Individual nominators can, and sometimes do, choose to publish their nomination, and Norwegian media often report nominations by qualified nominators such as members of parliament and qualified academics.
The Norwegian News Agency reported on 31 January 2021 that the 2021 nominees confirmed by qualified Norwegian nominators (MPs or academics) before the deadline included the following candidates:
| Image | Nominee | Country | Motivations | Nominator(s) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) |
Alexei Navalny (b. 1976) |  Russia |
"for his efforts for a peaceful democratization of Russia." | Ola Elvestuen, Mathilde Tybring-Gjedde and Peter Christian Frølich, Members of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
Martin Lee (b. 1938) |  Hong Kong |
"for championing greater freedoms and peaceful democracy in Hong Kong." | Mathilde Tybring-Gjedde and Peter Christian Frølich, Members of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
Maria Ressa (b. 1963) |  Philippines |
"for her brave commitments to free expression, human dignity and democratic government in reporting on the authoritarian Duterte administration." | Jonas Gahr Støre, Member of Parliament | [4][5] |
.jpg) |
Marilyn Waring (b. 1952) |  New Zealand |
"for her pioneering work on women, the environment and economics, and peace activism, contributing to the advancement human and planetary justice and wellbeing." | Margunn Bjørnholt, Professor of Sociology | [4][5] |
 |
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya (b. 1982) |  Belarus |
"for their struggle for fair elections and for inspiring peaceful opposition against the illegitimate regime in Belarus." | Hårek Elvenes, Jette Christensen and Geir Toskedal, Members of Parliament | [4][5] |
.png) |
Maria Kolesnikova (b. 1982) | Belarus
| |||
 |
Veronika Tsepkalo (b. 1972) | Belarus
| |||
 |
Jane Goodall (b. 1934) |  United Kingdom |
"for their efforts in the preservation and protection of the environment and wildlife, a contributing factor for world and ecological peace." | Dag Øistein Endsjø, Professor of Religious Studies | [4][5] |
 |
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (founded in 2012) |  United Nations
| |||
 |
Reporters Without Borders (founded in 1985) |  France |
"for promoting media freedom and protecting journalists around the world." | Sveinung Stensland, Member of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
Committee to Protect Journalists (founded in 1981) |  United States
| |||
 |
Hong Kong Free Press (founded in 2015) | Hong Kong |
"for its efforts to report on the China's trampling of democracy and silencing the stories of pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong." | Ola Elvestuen, Terje Breivik and Jon Gunnes, Members of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
International Fact-Checking Network (founded in 2015) | United States |
"for working to promote higher standards in fact-checking and to advocate for reliable information." | Trine Skei Grande and Tore Storehaug, Members of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
Black Lives Matter (founded in 2013) | United States |
"for their struggle against racism and racially motivated violence." | Petter Eide, Member of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (founded in 1949) |  Belgium |
"for its actions to prevent further tensions from flaring between the West and Russia over Ukraine." | Erlend Wiborg, Member of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
Campaign to Stop Killer Robots[8] (founded in 2013) |  Switzerland |
"for its tireless campaign against the use of lethal autonomous weapons." | Audun Lysbakken, Member of Parliament | [4][5] |
 |
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) (founded in 2017) | Switzerland |
"for their work related to the COVID-19 vaccines." | Carl-Erik Grimstad, Member of Parliament | [4][5] |
|
Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance (founded in 2000) | Switzerland
| |||
 |
Scout movement (established in 1908) | United Kingdom |
"in recognition for the outstanding contributions of Scouting and Guiding that have empowered hundreds of millions of young people to create a lasting culture of peace in their communities for more than a century." | Solveig Schytz, Member of Parliament | [4][5] |
Laureates
On 8 October 2021, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced its decision to award the prize to journalists Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."[1] As a result, the Nobel Prize Committee was criticized for rewarding Muratov and not jailed Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, as an attempt by the Committee "to keep the maximum distance from the current political process" in Russia.[9] Muratov has said that he would have given the prize to Alexei Navalny if it were his choice.[10] The U.S. government assessed that Russian intelligence was behind an attack on Dmitry Muratov for criticizing the Kremlin’s war against Ukraine.[11]
Prize committee
The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee are elected by the Norwegian Parliament and are responsible for selecting the laureate in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel; the committee's members in 2021 are:[12][13]
- Berit Reiss-Andersen (chair, born 1954), advocate (barrister) and former President of the Norwegian Bar Association, former state secretary for the Minister of Justice and the Police (representing the Labour Party). Member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee since 2012, reappointed for the period 2018–2023.
- Asle Toje (vice chair, born 1974), foreign policy scholar. Appointed for the period 2018–2023.
- Anne Enger (born 1949), former Leader of the Centre Party and Minister of Culture. Member since 2018, reappointed for the period 2021–2026.
- Kristin Clemet (born 1957), former Minister of Government Administration and Labour and Minister of Education and Research. Appointed for the period 2021–2026.
- Jørgen Watne Frydnes (born 1984), former board member of Médecins Sans Frontières Norway, board member of the Norwegian Helsinki Committee.[14] Appointed for the period 2021–2026.
Prize ceremony
The award ceremony was held in Oslo on 10 December 2021, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. In 2020 the ceremony returned to its former venue, the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, after being held in Oslo City Hall during the period 1990–2019.[2] In 2021 the ceremony was once again held in Oslo City Hall.[15]
References
- ^ a b "The Nobel Peace Prize 2021". NobelPrize.org. 8 October 2021. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Dropper utdeling av fredsprisen i Oslo rådhus". Klar Tale. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Prisutdelingen - Nobel Peace Prize". www.nobelpeaceprize.org (in Norwegian). 9 September 2021. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Flere fredsprisforslag før fristen gikk ut". Aftenposten. Norwegian News Agency. 31 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Hektisk nomineringsaktivitet før fredsprisfrist". Dagsavisen. 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Nomination". The Nobel Peace Prize. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "Confidentiality". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "Killer Robots". Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ Hopkins, Valerie (8 October 2021). "Nobel announcement draws mixed reactions from Russia, with frustration from Navalny supporters". The New York times.
- ^ "Navalny Deserved Peace Prize, Russian Nobel Winner Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
- ^ "U.S. says Russian intelligence orchestrated attack on Nobel laureate". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Valg av medlemmer til Nobelkomiteen". Stortinget. 18 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "The Norwegian Nobel Committee". The Nobel Peace Prize. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "Board and council". Norwegian Helsinki Committee. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "Prisutdelingen - Nobel Peace Prize". www.nobelpeaceprize.org (in Norwegian). 9 September 2021. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.