Arms embargo
An arms embargo is an embargo that applies to weaponry. It may also include "dual use" items. An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes:
- to signal disapproval of behavior by a certain actor,
- to maintain neutral standing in an ongoing conflict, or
- to limit the resources an actor has to inflict violence on others
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Historical examples [edit]
Argentina [edit]
US President Jimmy Carter implemented the embargo against the 1976 Military Junta due to the Dirty War. This was joined by the United Kingdom after the 1982 Falklands War. The ban was lifted in the 1990s when Argentina was named a Major non-NATO ally. During those years Argentine Armed Forces shifted to Western European countries and Israel for supplies.
Indonesia [edit]
The United States government imposed an arms embargo to Indonesia in 1999 due to human rights violations in East Timor. The embargo was subsequently lifted in 2005.
Iran [edit]
There have been international sanctions against Iran since 1979.[clarification needed]
People's Republic of China [edit]
The U.S. and EU stopped exporting arms to the PRC after 1989, due to the reaction by the Chinese Communist Party to the protests in and around Tiananmen Square.
South Africa [edit]
The arms embargo of South Africa from 1977 extended to dual use items. The embargo was lifted by Resolution 919 in 1994.
List of current arms embargoes [edit]
The countries included in the list are under arms embargo of the United Nations or another international organization (EU, OSCE and others) or country. In some cases the arms embargo is supplemented by general trade embargo, other sanctions (financial) or travel ban for specific persons. In some cases the arms embargo applies to any entitiy residing or established in the country, but in others it is partial - the recognized government forces and international peacekeepers are exempted from the embargo.
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This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
- Armenia and Azerbaijan (by OSCE),[1] 1992-
- Myanmar (by EU),[2] 1990-
- People's Republic of China (by EU/US),[3][4] 1989-
- DR Congo (by UN, EU),[5] 2003/1993- (UN/EU)
- Ivory Coast (by UN, EU),[6] 2004-
- Eritrea (by UN, EU),[7] 2010-
- Guinea (by EU),[8] 2009-
- Iran (by UN, EU),[9] 2006-
- Iraq (by UN, EU),[10] 1990-
- North Korea (by UN, EU),[11] arms and luxury goods, 2006-
- Hezbollah (by UN, EU),[12] 2006-
- Sierra Leone (by UN, EU),[13] 1997-
- Somalia (by UN, EU),[14] 1992/2002- (UN/EU)
- Sudan (by UN, EU),[15] 2004/1994- (UN/EU)
- Syria (by EU),[16] 2011-
- Uzbekistan (by EU),[17] 2005-
- Zimbabwe (by EU),[18] 2002-
- Libya (by United Nations Security Council), 2011
Former embargos [edit]
- Rwanda (by UN in Resolution 918 and EU)[19] (UN: 1994-2008, EU:[citation needed])
- Yugoslavia (by UN in Resolution 713 and EU)[20] (UN/EU: September 1991:[citation needed])
See also [edit]
- Arms control
- Arms Export Control Act (United States)
References [edit]
- ^ OSCE Nagorno Karabakh arms embargo
- ^ EU Myanmar arms embargo
- ^ EU China arms embargo
- ^ US China arms embargo
- ^ DR Congo arms embargo
- ^ Ivory Coast embargo
- ^ EU Sanctions measures
- ^ EU Guinea embargo
- ^ Iran embargo
- ^ Iraq embargo
- ^ North Korea embargo
- ^ Lebanon embargo
- ^ Sierra Leone embargo
- ^ Somalia embargo
- ^ Sudan embargo
- ^ EU impose arms embargo on Syria
- ^ EU Uzbekistan embargo
- ^ EU Zimbabwe embargo
- ^ Rwanda embargo
- ^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 713
