Brodiaea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Brodiaea | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Brodiaea californica ssp. leptandra | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Themidaceae |
| Genus: | Brodiaea Sm. |
| Type species | |
| Brodiaea coronaria (Salisb.) Engl. |
|
| Species | |
| Synonyms | |
Brodiaea is a genus of monocotyledon flowering plants, also known by the common name cluster-lilies.[3] Brodiaea species occur in the West Coast of the United States, especially northern California.
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[edit] Taxonomic history
Specimens of Brodiaea were first collected by Archibald Menzies, botanist to the Vancouver Expedition, in 1792. Menzies collected the plant from the vicinity of the Strait of Georgia, named New Georgia by George Vancouver.
The first published reference to the plant appears in James Edward Smith's 1807 An introduction to physiological and systematical botany, where Smith used it to argue that the tepals of liliaceous plants are sepals rather than petals:
"I cannot conceal a recent discovery which strongly confirms the opinion of my acute and candid friend. Two species of a new genus, found by Mr. Menzies on the West coast of North America, have beautiful liliaceous flowers like an Agapanthus, with six internal petals besides!"[4]
The following year, Richard Salisbury published the first Brodiaea species in his Paradisus Londinensis, but placed it in the genus Hookera as Hookera coronaria. Smith disagreed with this placement, and in April 1808 read a formal description of a new genus before the Linnean Society of London, naming the genus in honour of Scottish botanist James Brodie (1744-1824).[5] Formal publication did not occur, however, until Smith's presentation went to print in 1811.
[edit] Taxonomy
Different current systems place the genus in three different families. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group place it in family Themidaceae. Many other modern authors place it in the family Alliaceae. Both of these families are in the order Asparagales. However, older but still widely used sources such as ITIS place the Triplet lilies in the family Liliaceae, in the order Liliales.[6] The present article follows the recommendations of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.[7]
Brodiaea (or Brodeia [8]) is also used as a common name to refer to three genera, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, and Triteleia. The latter two genera were once included as part of the genus Brodiaea.[9]
[edit] Species
Brodiaea contains the following species.
- Brodiaea appendiculata Hoover - appendage clusterlily
- Brodiaea californica Lindl. - California clusterlily
- Brodiaea californica var. californica
- Brodiaea californica var. leptandra
- Brodiaea coronaria (Salisb.) Engl. - harvest clusterlily; Californian hyacinth
- Brodiaea coronaria ssp. coronaria - harvest clusterlily
- Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea - harvest clusterlily
- Brodiaea elegans Hoover - elegant clusterlily
- Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans - elegant clusterlily
- Brodiaea elegans ssp. hooveri - Hoover's cluster-lily
- Brodiaea filifolia S. Watson - threadleaf clusterlily
- Brodiaea howellii - Howell's bicolor clusterlily
- Brodiaea insignis (Jeps.) Niehaus - Kaweah clusterlily
- Brodiaea jolonensis Eastw. - chaparral clusterlily
- Brodiaea kinkiensis Niehaus - San Clemente Island clusterlily
- Brodiaea minor (Benth.) S. Watson - vernalpool clusterlily
- Brodiaea orcuttii (Greene) Baker - Orcutt's clusterlily
- Brodiaea pallida Hoover - Chinese Camp clusterlily
- Brodiaea purdyi Eastw. - Sierran clusterlily
- Brodiaea stellaris S. Watson - starflower clusterlily
- Brodiaea terrestris Kellogg - dwarf clusterlily
- Brodiaea terrestris ssp. kernensis - Kern clusterlily
- Brodiaea terrestris ssp. terrestris - dwarf clusterlily
[edit] References
- ^ "Brodiaea" (HTML). Index Nominum Genericorum. International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 1996-02-09. http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Brodiaea. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ UniProt. "Genus Brodiaea" (HTML). http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/51443. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ Pires, J. Chris. "63. Brodiaea Smith". Flora of North America (New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press) 26: Page 20, 53, 55, 321, 326, 328, 331, 332, 336, 3. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=104654. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ Smith, James Edward (1807). An introduction to physiological and systematical botany. p. 261.
- ^ Smith, James Edward (1811). "Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiæa". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London X: 1–5.
- ^ Brodiaea coronaria (Salisb.) Engl. (TSN 42803). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 27 June 2008.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. "ASPARAGALES Bromhead" (HTML). EXTANT SEED PLANTS at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Asparagales. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Herbs
- ^ a b Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2007-10-05). "Species Records of Brodiaea" (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?1721. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ "Brodiaea". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BRODI. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
[edit] External links
Works related to Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodiaea at Wikisource
Media related to Brodiaea at Wikimedia Commons
Information related to Brodiaea from Wikispecies.- Jepson treatment
