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Cyclone Mora

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Severe Cyclonic Storm Mora
Severe cyclonic storm (IMD scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Mora at peak strength, shortly before its Bangladeshi landfall on May 30
FormedMay 28, 2017
DissipatedMay 31, 2017
Highest winds3-minute sustained: 110 km/h (70 mph)
1-minute sustained: 150 km/h (90 mph)
Lowest pressure978 hPa (mbar); 28.88 inHg
(Estimated at 963 mbar by the JTWC)
Fatalities135 total
Damage$297 million (2017 USD)
Areas affectedSri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, East India, Northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan, Tibet
Part of the 2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Severe Cyclonic Storm Mora was a moderate but deadly tropical cyclone that caused widespread devastation and severe flooding in Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Northeast India in May 2017. The second named storm of the 2017 annual cyclone season, Mora developed from an area of low pressure over the southeastern Bay of Bengal on May 28. Mora reached peak strength with maximum sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph). The cyclone made landfall near Chittagong on the morning of May 30 and steadily weakened, dissipating early in the morning on May 31. Across its path, Mora dropped a large amount of rain, including 225mm of rainfall in Chittagong and northeast India. The storm is estimated to have caused damages nearing US$300 million.[1][2][3][4]

The name Mora, suggested by Thailand, means agate.[5]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

In late May 2017, an area of convection began to organize in the Bay of Bengal. Favorable conditions, characterized by low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, allowed for the development of rainbands and the beginnings of circulation on May 27.[6][7][8] That same day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) noted that there was a high likelihood that the low-pressure area would organize into a tropical depression.[9] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center also issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on May 27, citing the persistent thunderstorm activity and the consolidating center of circulation.[10] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center classified the disturbance as a tropical cyclone when the storm continued to intensify. The storm's motion was influenced primarily by a nearby subtropical ridge, forcing the system to take a north-northeasterly track.[11]

Cyclone Mora intensifying over the Bay of Bengal on May 29

Cloud tops over southeastern Bangladesh exceeded 15.3 km (9.5 miles), and over the Bay of Bengal cloud tops reached almost 16 km (9.9 miles).[12] Shortly before landfall, the storm reached its peak intensity as a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 70 mph (115 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 978 hPa (mbar). The JTWC noted that the storm reached category 1 hurricane strength with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). Animated enhanced infrared satellite imagery depicted improved consolidation with an eye feature on the morning of May 30.[12]

Preparations

Bangladesh

With Mora's relatively rapid intensification, Bangladeshi authorities were hard pressed to carry out evacuations in preparation for the storm. Maritime weather alerts were issued for the Bangladeshi ports of Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Mongla and Payra, under the anticipation of a 1.2 to 1.5 m (4 to 5 ft) storm surge.[13] All flights out of Shah Amanat International Airport were cancelled.[14] Authorities attempted to evacuate 1 million people prior to landfall,[15] however by May 29, only 300,000 had done so.[16] Red Crescent volunteers and medical units were on alert as government offices in coastal zones closed. A meteorological office issued a warning for Chittagong and Cox's Bazar as the cyclonic storm Mora headed towards Bangladesh.[17]

East and Northeast India

The India Meteorological Department issued Tropical cyclone warnings and watches for the Indian states of Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, West Bengal and Tripura. The Mizoram government expected that the cyclone could cause landslides and floods, so warnings were issued which advised residents to take precautions and preventive measures. The Indian Navy's Eastern fleet had was put on high alert to extend aid into Bangladesh.[18]

Myanmar

The Myanmar Red Cross Society placed alerts in Chin, Rakhine, Magway, and Sagaing, and activated emergency response teams. Early warning messages were sent to at risk communities, and volunteers were ready to respond and provide aid supplies. Emergency response teams, as well as emergency volunteers from the community also assisted in the evacuation of those affected. The MRCS Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) was initiated on May 29, following the Standard Operating Procedures for MRCS disaster response. On May 30, the Emergency Task Force had its first meeting to plan for the response.[19]

Impact

Bangladesh

Mora after making landfall near Chittagong on 30 May

A total of 500,000 people managed to move out of coastal areas before the storm made landfall on May 31. Strong winds and storm surge battered buildings and destroyed farmlands across Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, and Rangamati. At least 20,000 houses were damaged in refugee camps for Rohingya Muslims, who were displaced by conflict in neighboring Myanmar. As of May 31, 2017, nine people were reported to be killed across Bangladesh.[20] In addition, 81 Bangladeshi fishermen were reported to be missing after the storm.[21]

External videos
video icon Conditions on Bangladesh when Severe cyclonic storm Mora made landfall
YouTube video

For two days, Mora dropped very heavy rainfall in Bangladesh. On May 30, rainfall of 225.2 mm was observed in Chittagong,[4] 213 mm was observed over Sandwip, 208 mm over Sitakunda, and 187 mm over Rangamati. On May 31, rainfall of 196 mm over Netrokona and 139 mm over Hatiya was reported.[12] Infrastructural loss ranged between ৳400–450 million (US$4.96–5.58 million).[2]

Sri Lanka

See also: 2017 Sri Lanka floods

Mora worsened ongoing floods in Sri Lanka by strengthening the southwest monsoon. Mora caused flooding and landslides throughout Sri Lanka in the final week of May 2017. 15 districts had been affected, killing 203 people and leaving 96 people missing.[22] Damage reached US$197 million[3]

Myanmar

Cyclone Mora made landfall in Myanmar in the early morning on May 30. The storm moved inland from the Bay of Bengal, and caused damage in the Arakan and Chin states. The cyclone destroyed 4,702 houses and damaged to 13,595 houses in Arakan State, Chin State and Irrawaddy Division. The government reported that 325 schools, 32 office buildings, and 57 religious buildings were entirely destroyed, while 429 non-residential buildings were heavily damaged. A number of other buildings were severely damaged, including 23 hospitals and clinics, 23 governmental buildings, three bridges, 38 utiliy poles and 22 motorboats.[23]

An 11-year-old boy was killed by a tree branch that fell in Kutupalong refugee camp in Cox's Bazar. In Myanmar, a 10-year-old boy went missing after he was taken away by the rising waters.[24][25] A tornado also formed in Rahkine which killed 2 and injured 6 people.[26]

Bhutan

On May 31 at around 5 am the remnants of Cyclone Mora brought rainfall to 18 meteorological stations across Bhutan. The most recorded rainfall was 28.6mm, which was recorded in Dagana. No damage or deaths were reported in Bhutan.[27]

Effects in Northeast India

See also: 2017 Northeast India floods

Cyclone Mora caused severe flooding in the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam, Manipur and Mizoram in northeast India.

Death toll
Manipur 19 [28]
Nagaland 4 [29]
West Bengal 2 [30]
Total 25

Manipur

The loss of flooding in the state were about ₹1.31 billion (US$20.3 million).[1]

Mizoram

Heavy rains caused by cyclone Mora hit the Indian state of Mizoram, disrupting power and telecommunications. About 20 houses were partially destroyed in the village of Khawbung, while the roof of a district hospital ward was swept away in Siaha district. Officials stated that the rain caused mudslides. An uprooted tree crushed a pastor's home in Serkawm village.[31]

Assam

The Indian region of Assam on was hit by severe rainstorms due to Mora. The rain triggered floods that caused 59,000 families to abandon the flooded districts of Lakhimpur, Karimganj and Darrang. The storms devastated scores of homes.[32]

Effects on Rohingya refugees

As of 2017, Bangladesh's border region is home to approximately 1,100,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar.[33] When Cyclone Mora struck the islands of St. Martin and Teknaf, 200,000 people evacuated to shelters. 10,000 thatched huts in the Balukhali and Kutupalong camps were destroyed. Many Rohingya refugees did not abandon their makeshift shelters when the storm struck.[34] One quarter of the buildings in the two camps had been damaged, including community and health centers.[34] UN Women, in partnership with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, helped to provide emergency shelters and other supports to ensure the safety and protection of thousands of women in the two Rohingya refugee camps in Cox's Bazar.[34] The nation of Denmark donated 2.53 billion taka to the refugees.[35]

Bangladesh

The United Nations High Commission for Refugees provided emergency hospital tents to the affected camps and aimed to provide waterproof plastic sheeting to affected families in Bangladesh. The International Organization for Migration provided shelter and emergency healthcare. The organization also supervised repairs to damaged health facilities and sanitation services. The World Food Program provided emergency food rations and large quantities of dry biscuits to affected residents, while the United Nations Children's Fund supplied hygiene kits, water purification tablets, and recreation kits for affected refugee children. The United Nations Population Fund provided high-quality medical care to pregnant women, new mothers and their newborn children in the camps.[36][2]

India hands over relief materials to Bangladesh

The Singapore Red Cross (SRC) has contributed US$100,000 for those affected by Mora in Bangladesh. The humanitarian organization said it has contributed US$50,000 to the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. The donation contributed water and sanitation for 50,000 victims of the cyclone.[37]

Myanmar

The European Commission provided €1.5 million (US$1.67 million) in humanitarian aid funding for emergency relief assistance to populations in Myanmar affected by tropical Cyclone Mora.[38] Singapore Red Cross provided US$50,000 to Myanmar Red Cross for the purchase of tarpaulins, CGI sheets, student and teacher kits for those affected in Myanmar.[37]

Disaster Response

Country / Institution Description Funding USD
 India safe water, sanitation, foods, clothes, blankets 936,000[39]
 Hong Kong Humanitarian assistance 200,000[40]
 Australia Direct funding 3,900,000[41]
 China Humanitarian assistance 1,000,000[42]
 Germany rehabilitation ofvillages,sanitation 136,000[43]
 Denmark rehabilitation of houses, agricultural support 50,000[44]
 United States Humanitarian assistance 500,000
International Organization for Migration Humanitarian assistance 3,700,000[45]
 Canada Health aid, non-food items, basic needs, foods, 15,000[44]
European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office Emergency assistance, foods, shelter, latrines, Relief and rehabilitation 1,500,000[46]
 Singapore emergency assistance 1,000,000[47]
  Switzerland Humanitarian assistance 1,740,592[48]
 United Kingdom Foods, water, medicine 63,000[49]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Rs 131 crore lost in Manipur flood". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. July 12, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c "Tourism sector incurs loss of Tk 40 to 45 crore for landslides: Menon". The Daily Star. July 9, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Global Catastrophe Recap May 2017" (PDF). May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Cyclone aftermath: Chittagong waterclogged". August 30, 2017.
  5. ^ Sifat Afrin Shams (May 30, 2017). "Why the cyclone is called 'Mora'". The Daily Star. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  6. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 26, 2017). "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean/26 1800Z-27 1800Z May 2017". Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  7. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 27, 2017). "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean/27 0200Z-28 1800Z May 2017". Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  8. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 27, 2017). "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean/Reissued/27 1500Z-28 1800Z May 2017". Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  9. ^ "Tropical Weather Outlook 27 May 2017" (PDF). New Delhi, Delhi, India: India Meteorological Department. May 27, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  10. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 27, 2017). "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 27/1430". Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  11. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (May 27, 2017). "Tropical Cyclone 02B (Two) Warning NR 001". Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  12. ^ a b c "Cyclonic Storm 'Mora' over Bay of Bengal (28-31 May 2017) : A Report" (PDF). May 30, 2017.
  13. ^ "Cyclone 'Mora' starts crossing Cox's Bazar-Chittagong coast". The Daily Star. May 29, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  14. ^ "Chittagong airport suspends flights as Cyclone Mora nears". BBD News. May 29, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  15. ^ "Cyclone Mora: Bangladesh tries to evacuate one million". British Broadcasting Company. May 29, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  16. ^ Ahmed, Farid; McKirdy, Euan (May 29, 2017). "300,000 evacuated as cyclone makes landfall in Bangladesh". CNN. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  17. ^ "Cyclone Mora: 'Great Danger' Signal 10 at Ctg, Cox's Bazar ports". May 30, 2017.
  18. ^ "Mizoram Government Issues Warning Ahead Of Cyclone Mora". NDTV. May 29, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  19. ^ "Information bulletin Myanmar: Tropical Cyclone Mora" (PDF). International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
  20. ^ "86 fishermen missing after cyclonic storm near Bangladesh coast after killing 18". August 30, 2017.
  21. ^ "Bangladesh navy searches for 81 fishermen still missing after Cyclone Mora". August 30, 2017.
  22. ^ "Floods and landslides in Sri Lanka kill at least 150 people". theguardian.com. May 29, 2017.
  23. ^ "Cyclone Mora damaged or destroyed 20,000 houses in Burma". reliefweb. June 2, 2017.
  24. ^ "Cyclone Mora: Urgent shelter needs in Bangladesh, Myanmar". The UN Refugy Agency. June 2, 2017.
  25. ^ "Cyclone Mora Wreaks Devastation Along Myanmar's West Coast, Killing One". Radio Free Asia. May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  26. ^ "After deadly tornado spawned by Mora, Rakhine State braces for more bad weather". August 30, 2017.
  27. ^ "Monsoon hit Bhutan from yesterday – KuenselOnline". www.kuenselonline.com. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  28. ^ "Cyclone Mora claims 19 lives in state". July 19, 2017. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  29. ^ "4 killed in Nagaland". August 30, 2017.
  30. ^ "Cyclone kills two in Malda, damages 6,000 houses, mango and litchi orchards". Hindustan Times. May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  31. ^ "Cyclone Mora Damages Houses, Triggers Landslides in Mizoram". The Wire. May 31, 2017.
  32. ^ "cyclone Mora hits Assam". August 30, 2017.
  33. ^ Hasan, Kamrul (August 28, 2019). "Rohingya crisis: Population exploding as 91,000 babies are born in two years". Dhaka Tribune. Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  34. ^ a b c "After deadly Mora, Rohingya refugees suffer". August 30, 2017.
  35. ^ "Denmark donates Tk 256m for Rohingya". August 30, 2017.
  36. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Mora - May 2017". May 29, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  37. ^ a b "singapore-red-cross-contributes-us-100-000-to-bangladesh-myanmar". August 19, 2017.
  38. ^ "Cyclone Mora:EU announces €1.5 million in assistance to victims of Cyclone Mora in Bangladesh, Myanmar". July 19, 2017.
  39. ^ "Cyclone Mora..India hands over relief materials to Bangladesh". August 19, 2017.
  40. ^ "Hong Kong donates Bangladesh". August 30, 2017.
  41. ^ "Australia has announced AUD3.9 million in additional support to the World Food Programme to improve nutrition and build community resilience in Cox's Bazar". August 30, 2017.
  42. ^ "China donates Bangladesh". August 30, 2017.
  43. ^ "Germany donates Bangladesh in the wake of Mora". August 30, 2017.
  44. ^ a b "Denmark and Canada are providing Tk 4.8 million in aid to the victims of Cyclone Mora in Bangladesh". August 19, 2017.
  45. ^ "Response To Cyclone Mora:IOM launches 3.7 million to Bangladesh". May 30, 2017. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  46. ^ "EU announces €1.5 million in assistance to victims of Cyclone Mora in Bangladesh, Myanmar". May 31, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  47. ^ "singapore-red-cross-contributes-us-100-000-to-bangladesh-myanmar". August 19, 2017.
  48. ^ "IFRC's Disaster Emergency Relief". May 30, 2017.
  49. ^ "Response To Cyclone Mora In Bangladesh". May 30, 2017.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Mora.
  • 02B.MORA from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_Mora&oldid=1118320847"