Detroit Police Department
Detroit Police Department | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | DPD |
Agency overview | |
Formed | 1865 |
Jurisdictional structure | |
Operations jurisdiction | Detroit, Michigan, United States |
Map of Detroit Police Department's jurisdiction | |
Operational structure | |
Headquarters | Detroit Public Safety Headquarters |
Officers | 2,450 |
Agency executive |
|
Facilities | |
Precincts | 12
|
Website | |
http://www.detroitmi.gov/Police |
The Detroit Police Department (DPD) is a municipal police force based in and responsible for the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan. Founded in 1865, it has nearly 2,500 officers, making it the largest law enforcement organization in Michigan.
History
Establishment
Town constables were appointed starting in 1801. A Police Commission was established in 1861 but the first forty officers did not begin work until 1865.[2][3]
Technological innovations
In 1921, the Detroit Police Department became the first police department in the country to utilize radio dispatch in their patrol cars.[4] A historical marker at Belle Isle Park describes the new advancement in technology.[4]
Role of women and minorities
In 1893, the department hired its first female officer (Marie Owen) and its first black officer (L T Toliver).[2] The Detroit Police Department established a Women's Division in 1921 that was tasked with cases of "child abuse, sexual assaults, juvenile delinquency, and checking establishments for illegal minors."[5] Female officers were not allowed to work on criminal cases unless accompanied by male officers until 1973, after a series of discrimination lawsuits prompted changes in department policy.[6]
Corruption charges
In February 1940, Mayor Richard Reading, the Superintendent of Police, the county sheriff and over a hundred more were indicted on corruption charges. The Mayor was accused of selling promotions in the department. Eighty officers were accused of protecting illegal gambling operations in the city. In the end, the Mayor served three years in jail, ending in 1947.[7]
Federal oversight
In 2000, the Detroit Free Press published a series of articles after a four-month investigation into fatal shootings by Detroit police officers.[8] At the time, Detroit had the highest rate of police-involved shootings of any large city in the United States, surpassing New York, Los Angeles, and Houston.[8] The city requested an investigation by the United States Department of Justice into the department's handling of deadly force incidents.[8] By 2001, the Justice Department's investigation had uncovered issues with the department's arrest and detention practices as well.[8] Between 2003 and 2014, the Detroit Police Department was placed under federal court oversight by the Justice Department as the result of allegations about excessive force, illegal arrests and improper detention.[9] This process cost the city of Detroit more than $50 million.[9] By 2014, the department's use of force had been "seriously reduced" and the U.S. District Judge overseeing the case stated that the Detroit Police Department had "met its obligations" for reforms.[10]
Patrol geography changes
In 2005, the department's thirteen precincts were consolidated into six larger districts as a cost-cutting measure.[11] The department restored a number of precincts in 2009 after citizens complained about the change.[11] In 2011, it was announced that the Detroit Police Department would be reverting to the original precinct structure, with officials citing "gap[s] in services" and concerns over the new command structure.[11]
Headquarters relocation
On June 11, 2010 it was reported that the City of Detroit would acquire the former MGM Grand Detroit temporary casino building (originally the IRS Data Center) on John C. Lodge Freeway for $6.23 million[12] and convert it into a new police headquarters complex which would also house a crime lab operated by the Michigan State Police.[13] The renovated building also houses the Detroit Fire Department headquarters.[citation needed] The former casino building has 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of space.[citation needed] The historic Detroit Police headquarters is in Greektown.[citation needed] On June 28, 2013, the new public safety headquarters opened for business.[citation needed]
2011 Police Station Shooting
On January 23, 2011, 38-year-old Lamar Moore walked into the 6th precinct with a pistol shotgun and shot and wounded 4 officers before being killed. [14]
Fallen officers
Since 1878, the Detroit Police Department has lost 228 officers in the line of duty.[15]
2020 coronavirus pandemic
As the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continues to spread around the United States, several Detroit Police officers tested positive for being infected with the COVID-19 virus, and over 200 more were quarantined to prevent further spread of the virus in the Detroit metro area. Several infected people in the Detroit metro area had already succumbed to the virus and died after it was first discovered in the counties Detroit and its suburbs were located in. The Detroit Police suffered its first casualty to the virus with the death of a 38-year-old civilian dispatcher.
Rank structure and insignia
Rank | Insignia |
---|---|
Chief | |
Assistant chief | |
Deputy chief | |
Commander | |
Captain | |
Lieutenant | |
Sergeant | |
Detective | |
Neighborhood police officer | |
Corporal | |
Police officer | |
Reserve officer |
Demographics
Year 2013 breakdown of gender and ethnic minorities in the DPD.:[16][a]
- Male: 75%
- Female: 25%
- African-American or Black: 63%
- White: 33%
- Hispanic, any race: 4%
- Asian: 0.4%
The Detroit Police Department has one of the largest percentages of Black officers of any major city police department, reflecting current overall city demographics. Lawsuits alleging discrimination stemming from the influence of affirmative action and allegations of race-based promotional bias for executive positions have surfaced repeatedly.[17][18][19] As of 2008, the majority of upper command members in the Detroit PD were Black.[20]
List of chiefs
Order | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Mayor(s) served under | Notes | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Frank C. Andrews | May 4, 1901 | February 10, 1902 | William C. Maybury | [21] | ||
2nd | Geo W. Fowle | February 11, 1902 | June 20, 1905 | William C. Maybury George P. Codd |
[21] | ||
3rd | John B. Whelan | July 1, 1905 | May 14, 1906 | [21] | |||
4th | Fred W. Smith | March 14, 1906 | June 30, 1909 | [21] | |||
5th | Frank H. Croul | July 1, 1909 | May 17, 1913 | [21] | |||
6th | John Gillespie | May 17, 1913 | September 30, 1916 | [21] | |||
7th | James J. Couzens | September 30, 1916 | July 5, 1918 | [21] | |||
8th | Ernest Marquardt | July 5, 1918 | January 14, 1919 | [21] | |||
9th | James Woffendale Inches | January 14, 1919 | February 3, 1923 | James J. Couzens, John C. Lodge |
[21] | ||
(5th) | Frank H. Croul | February 3, 1923 | July 15, 1926 | John C. Lodge, Frank Ellsworth Doremus, Joseph A. Martin, John C. Lodge, John W. Smith |
Previously served from 1909–1913 | [21] | |
10th | William P. Ruteledge | July 15, 1926 | January 21, 1930 | John W. Smith, John C. Lodge, Charles Bowles |
[21] | ||
11th | Harold H. Emmons | January 21, 1930 | March 21, 1930 | Charles Bowles | [21] | ||
12th | Thomas C. Wilcox | May 21, 1930 | January 9, 1931 | Charles Bowles Frank Murphy |
[21] | ||
13th | James K. Watkins | January 10, 1931 | August 14, 1933 | Frank Murphy Frank Couzens |
[21] | ||
14th | John P. Smith | August 15, 1933 | March 31, 1934 | Frank Couzens, John W. Smith |
[21] | ||
15th | Heinrich A. Pickert | April 1, 1934 | January 1, 1940 | Frank Couzens, Richard Reading |
[21] | ||
16th | Frank D. Eaman | January 2, 1940 | June 1, 1942 | Edward Jeffries | [21] | ||
17th | John H. Witherspoon | June 1, 1942 | December 31, 1943 | Edward Jeffries | [21] | ||
18th | John F. Ballenger | January 1, 1944 | January 1, 1948 | Edward Jeffries | [21] | ||
19th | Harry S. Toy | January 1, 1948 | January 2, 1950 | Edward Jeffries, Eugene Van Antwerp |
[21] | ||
20th | George F. Boos | January 2, 1950 | September 30, 1952 | Eugene Van Antwerp, Albert Cobo |
[21] | ||
21st | Donald S. Leonard | October 1, 1952 | June 4, 1954 | Albert Cobo | [21] | ||
22nd | Edward S. Piggins | June 5, 1954 | September 1, 1958 | Albert Cobo, Louis Miriani |
[21] | ||
23rd | Herbert W. Hart | September 2, 1958 | January 2, 1962 | Louis Miriani | [21] | ||
24th | George Clifton Edwards Jr. | January 2, 1962 | December 19, 1963 | Jerome Cavanagh | [21] | ||
25th | Ray Girardin | December 19, 1963 | July 21, 1968 | Jerome Cavanagh | [21] | ||
26th | Johannes Spreen | July 22, 1968 | January 5, 1970 | Jerome Cavanagh | [21][22] | ||
27th | Patrick V. Murphy | January 6, 1970 | October 1, 1970 | Roman Gribbs | [21][22][23] | ||
28th | John Nichols | October 15, 1970 | September 21, 1973 | Roman Gribbs | [23][24] | ||
29th | Philip G. Tannian | 1974 | 1975 | Roman Gribbs, Coleman Young |
[25] | ||
30th | Bill Hart | 1976 | February 14, 1991 | Coleman Young | [26][27][28] | ||
31st | Stanley Knox | February 14, 1991 | 1994 | Coleman Young | [29][30] | ||
32nd | Isaiah McKinnon | 1994 | 1998 | Dennis Archer | [31][32] | ||
33rd | Benny Napoleon | July 1998 | July 15, 2001 | Dennis Archer | [33][34] | ||
34th | Charles Wilson | July 15, 2001 | 2002 | Dennis Archer | [34][25] | ||
35th | Jerry Oliver | October 31, 2003 | 2003 | Kwame Kilpatrick | [35] | ||
36th | Ella Bully-Cummings | November 3, 2003 | September 2008 | Kwame Kilpatrick | Acting chief November 3, 2003-2004 | [36][37][38][39][40][41] | |
37th | James Barren | September 2008 | July 4, 2008 | Kenneth Cockrel Jr., Dave Bing |
[42][43] | ||
38th | Warren Evans | July 6, 2009 | June 21, 2010 | Dave Bing | [44][45] | ||
39th | Ralph Godbee | June 21, 2010 | October 9, 2012 | Dave Bing | Was interim police chief from Jun. 21-Sep. 21, 2010; suspended from position from Oct. 3, 2012 until his Oct. 9, 2012 resignation | [45][46][47][48][49] | |
— | Chester Logan (interim) | October 9, 2012 | July 1, 2013 | Dave Bing | [50] | ||
40th | James Craig | July 1, 2013 | June 1, 2021 | Dave Bing, Mike Duggan |
[51][52] | ||
41st | James E. White | June 1, 2021 | present | Mike Duggan | Was interim police chief from June 1, 2021– | [53] |
See also
- Detroit Public Safety Headquarters
- Crime in Detroit, Michigan
- Government of Detroit
- List of law enforcement agencies in Michigan
Notes
- ^ Does not equal 100 percent due to rounding.
References
- ^ "Police Stations". Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ^ a b "Detroit Police Department". Encyclopedia of Detroit. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ Hunter, George (February 26, 2015). "Detroit Police Department marks its 150th anniversary". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ a b Police Dispatch Radio Archived December 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Mich Markers
- ^ ArchiveGrid: Detroit Police Department Women's Division Collection, 1919-1973, 2010. Internet Archive: Wayback Machine
- ^ Former Detroit Police Women's Division honored by City Council Internet Archive: Wayback Machine
- ^ Austin, Dan (August 29, 2014). "Meet the 5 worst mayors in Detroit history". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Report of the Independent Monitor for the Detroit Police Department" (PDF).
- ^ a b "Court oversight of Detroit Police Department cost city $50 million, chief says". Crain's Detroit Business. April 1, 2016. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ "Detroit police finally rid of federal oversight". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ a b c "Explaining the Detroit Police's Return to Precincts". Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ New Detroit Police Headquarters (WXYZ-TV YouTube page)
- ^ Michigan State Police to run Crime Lab in new DPD HQ Associated Press via MLive July 6, 2010
- ^ "Detroit Precinct Shooting Update: Gunman Lamar Moore Was Suspect in Sexual Assault". CBS News.
- ^ "The Officer Down Memorial Page". Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ "Police Department Race and Ethnicity Demographic Data". www.governing.com. August 27, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
- ^ Detroit Police Officers Association v. A Young Morgan Retrieved November 22, 2012.
- ^ "989 F.2d 225". Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
- ^ Detroit accused of bias against white cops Retrieved November 22, 2012.
- ^ 2008 Detroit Police Department Organizational Chart Archived May 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 22, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Detroit Police Commissioners". Detroit Public Library, Detroit, MI. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
- ^ a b McFadden, Robert D. (September 14, 1970). "Ex‐Detroit Police Aide to Teach Here". The New York Times. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ a b Neumann, Ladd (October 16, 1970). "Supt. Nichols Police Boss". Newspapers.com. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ^ "Tannian One of Band of Police-Politicians". Newspapers.com. Detroit Free Press. September 26, 1973. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
- ^ a b "A History of Reform, Civil Rights, Community Partnership, and Public Safety" (PDF). City of Detroit Board of Police Commissioners. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Detroit Police Department {". detroithistorical.org. Detroit Historical Society. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Ex-Detroit police chief regrets he set bad example". mlive. The Associated Press. October 16, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "NEW POLICE CHIEF NAMED IN DETROIT". The New York Times. February 14, 1991. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "February 14, 1991 (vol. 101, iss. 96) - Image 1". Michigan Daily Digital Archives. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Detroit's Former Police Chief Robbed At Gunpoint While Mowing Lawn". May 8, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Ike McKinnon's promise - 10 years before the riots". FOX 2 Detroit. July 21, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Chief Isaiah McKinnon "Policing from the Inside"". Gerald R. Ford Foundation. January 21, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ Siegel, Susan (July 17, 1998). "17 Jul 1998, Page 16 - Detroit Free Press at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Detroit Free Press. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ a b Potts, Laura (July 13, 2001). "Detroit mayor names new police chief". Newspapers.com. The Times Herald (Port Huron, Michigan). The Associated Press. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Detroit police chief resigns". Crain's Detroit Business. November 3, 2003. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Detroit appoints first female to top police post". The Michigan Daily. The Associated Press. November 4, 2003. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ Hackney, Suzette and Schmitt, Ben (with Audi, Tamara). "New chief lays down the law: Preferring progress over praise, she has changes planned" Detroit Free Press, November 8, 2003, 1A.
- ^ Hackney, Suzette and Schaefer, Jim. "Native Detroiter worked her way up" Detroit Free Press, November 4, 2003, 1A.
- ^ "Lawsuits of '70s shape current police leadership". USA Today. April 25, 2004. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
- ^ "Person of the Week: Ella Bully-Cummings". ABC News. November 14, 2003. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Detroit police chief announces her retirement". mlive. The Associated Press. September 4, 2008. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Incoming Detroit mayor appoints police chief". The Oakland Press. September 18, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
- ^ Associated Press (July 4, 2009). "Report: Detroit Police Chief James Barren being fired". MLive.com. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
- ^ Jonathan Oosting (July 6, 2009). "Updated: Detroit Mayor Dave Bing names Warren Evans new chief of police". MLive.com. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
- ^ a b "Detroit police chief resigns - CNN.com". CNN. June 21, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Ralph Godbee named permanent Detroit Police Chief". mlive. The Associated Press. September 21, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Detroit Police Chief Godbee Retires Amid Sex Scandal". detroit.cbslocal.com. WWJ-TV. Associated Press. October 8, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ Cournoyer, Caroline (October 9, 2012). "Detroit Police Chief Resigns Amid Scandal". Governing. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ Ng, Christina (October 3, 2012). "Detroit Police Chief Suspended Amid Sex Scandal Allegations". ABC News. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ "Chester Logan To Retire After Detroit Hires New Police Chief". detroit.cbslocal.com. WWJ-TV. Associated Press. May 4, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ Herrera, Halston (July 12, 2013). "Detroit police chief: 'Tremendous' change is coming". www.clickondetroit.com. ClickOn Detroit (WDIV). Retrieved May 30, 2022.
- ^ Williams, Corey (May 10, 2021). "Detroit police chief announces retirement effective June 1". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
- ^ "James White Named Detroit Police Chief After National Search". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. August 23, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
External links
- Official website
- Detroit Police Department at the Wayback Machine (archived March 21, 2008)
- Detroit Police Department at the Wayback Machine (archived April 22, 1999)