Dipsacales

Dipsacales
Scabiosa ochroleuca
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Clade:	Campanulids
Order:	Dipsacales
Families
Adoxaceae (moschatel family) Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) Diervillaceae Dipsacaceae (teasel family) Linnaeaceae (twinflower family) Morinaceae Valerianaceae (valerian family)

The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.

Under the Cronquist system, the order included Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Valerianaceae. Under the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG II) system, the circumscription of the order is much the same but the families are circumscribed differently. APG includes Adoxaceae and a broadly circumscribed Caprifoliaceae, the latter including the alternatively acceptable families Diervillaceae, Dipsacaceae, Linnaeaceae, Morinaceae, and Valerianaceae.

Under the APG II definition some well-known members of Dipsacales are honeysuckle, elder, viburnum, and valerian.

A few other families may also belong near this order. These include the Columelliaceae, Paracryphiaceae, and Sphenostemonaceae.

The evolutionary taxonomy of Dipsacales:

Adoxaceae

• Adoxa
• Moschatellina
• Sambucus
• Sinadoxa
• Tetradoxa
• Viburnum

Diervillaceae

• Diervilla (Bush Honeysuckle): 3 species
• Weigela: 10 species.

Caprifoliaceae

• Heptacodium (Seven-son Flower): 1 species
• Lonicera, etc.
  • Leycesteria: 6 species
  • Lonicera (Honeysuckle): 180 species
  • Symphoricarpos (Snowberry): 17 species
  • Triosteum (Horsegentian): 6 species

Linnaeaceae

• Abelia: 30 species
• Dipelta: 4 species
• Kolkwitzia (Beautybush): 1 species
• Linnaea (Twinflower): 1 species

Morinaceae

• Cryptothladia
• Morina

Dipsacaceae

• Dipsacus, etc.
  • Acanthocalyx
  • Pterocephalus
  • Dipsacus
  • Scabiosa
• Triplostegia

Valerianaceae

• Patrina
• Nardostachys
• Centranthus
• Plectritis
• Valeriana
• Valerianella
• Fedia

References

• Bell, C. D., E. J. Edwards, S. T. Kim, & M. J. Donoghue. 2001. Dipsacales phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Harvard Papers in Botany 6:481-499.
• Donoghue, M. J., C. D. Bell, & R. C. Winkworth. 2003. The evolution of reproductive characters in Dipsacales. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164:S453-S464

External links

• Dipsacales at Tree of Life
• Phylogeny of the Asteridae s. str. based on rbcL sequences, with particular reference to the Dipsacales (link to abstract)

Media related to Dipsacales at Wikimedia Commons