Florianus
| Florianus | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46th Emperor of the Roman Empire | |||||
| Reign | 276 | ||||
| Predecessor | Tacitus | ||||
| Successor | Probus | ||||
| Died | 276 Tarsus, Cilicia[1] | ||||
| |||||
Florianus (Latin: Marcus Annius Florianus Augustus;[2] died 276), also known as Florian, was Roman Emperor for a few months in 276.
Biography
Florian was reportedly a maternal half-brother to the Emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus.[4] Appointed Praetorian Prefect in Tacitus's army in his campaign against the Goths,[5] according to the available sources, he was chosen by the army in the West to succeed Tacitus in 276, without the Roman Senate consensus.[6] However he minted coins bearing the "SC" legend, thus showing some bonds to the Senate.[7]
Probus Rebellion
Florian was fighting the Heruli when the army in the East elected Probus.[8] Florian had the support of Italia, Gaul, Hispania, Britain, Africa, and Mauretania.[9] The two rival emperors met in battle in Cilicia; Florianus had the larger army, but Probus was a more experienced general and avoided a direct clash.[10] Florian's western army was not accustomed to the hot, dry eastern climate,[11] and Probus likely secured a small victory. Florian was assassinated by his own troops near Tarsus once their confidence was lost.[12] He died in September 276, having been emperor for only eighty-eight days.[13]
A family of the Brandenburg nobility called von Blumenthal claimed descent from Florianus in a fanciful legend which says that after his death his sons fled over the Alps and introduced viticulture to the north Germans.
Sources
Primary sources
- Aurelius Victor, "Epitome de Caesaribus", English version of Epitome de Caesaribus
- Historia Augusta, Vita Taciti, English version of Historia Augusta
- Eutropius, Breviarium ab urbe condita, ix. 16, English version of Breviarium ab Urbe Condita
- Joannes Zonaras, Compendium of History extract: Zonaras: Alexander Severus to Diocletian: 222–284
- Zosimus, "Historia Nova", Historia Nova
Secondary sources
- Mc Mahon, Robin, "Florian (276.D.)", De Imperatoribus Romanis, (2000)
- Jones, A.H.M., Martindale, J.R. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395, Cambridge University Press, 1971
- Southern, Pat. The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine, Routledge, 2001
- Canduci, Alexander (2010), Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors, Pier 9, ISBN 978-1-74196-598-8
- Gibbon. Edward Decline & Fall of the Roman Empire (1888)
References
- ^ Canduci, pg. 101
- ^ Jones, pg. 367
- ^ This coin celebrates the AETERNITAS AVG, the eternal life of the emperor. However, Florianus ruled only eighty-eight days.
- ^ Historia Augusta, Vita Taciti, 17:4
- ^ Jones, pg. 367
- ^ Southern, pg. 127
- ^ McMahon, www.roman-emperors.org/florian.htm
- ^ Historia Augusta, Vita Probi, 10:1
- ^ Southern, pg. 127
- ^ Gibbon, Ch. 12
- ^ Southern, pg. 128
- ^ McMahon, www.roman-emperors.org/florian.htm
- ^ Canduci, pg. 101
External links
Media related to Florianus at Wikimedia Commons