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Congress of Deputies constituency
Guadalajara is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish : circunscripciones ) represented in the Congress of Deputies , the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales . The constituency currently elects three deputies . Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Guadalajara . The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation , with a minimum threshold of three percent.
The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election . The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies ,[ 2] Spanish Constitution of 1978 . Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law , needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales .[ 3]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado ) which was abolished in 2022.[ 4] [ 5] D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation , with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting .[ 3] [ 6] [ 7] district magnitude .[ 8]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[ 6] [ 7]
2023 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
51,195
36.33
+13.29
1 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
46,479
32.98
+1.83
1 ±0
Vox (Vox)
27,126
19.25
–4.72
1 ±0
Unite (Sumar)1
12,907
9.16
–2.11
0
±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2
1,039
0.74
–0.22
0
±0
Workers' Front (FO)
304
0.22
New
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
249
0.18
–0.03
0
±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)
191
0.14
+0.06
0
±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)
162
0.11
–0.11
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
118
0.08
–0.06
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,143
0.81
–0.06
Total
140,913
3
±0
Valid votes
140,913
98.72
–0.05
Invalid votes
1,831
1.28
+0.05
Votes cast / turnout
142,744
72.47
+1.06
Abstentions
54,239
27.53
–1.06
Registered voters
196,983
Sources[ 9]
November 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
41,167
31.15
+1.35
1 ±0
Vox (Vox)
31,683
23.97
+7.50
1 +1
People's Party (PP)
30,443
23.04
+2.99
1 ±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU )
14,897
11.27
–1.01
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
10,169
7.69
–11.10
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,266
0.96
–0.31
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group –PCAS –TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)
287
0.22
–0.01
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
284
0.21
+0.03
0
±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE)
234
0.18
New
0
±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)
195
0.15
–0.08
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
188
0.14
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)
106
0.08
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
87
0.07
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,148
0.87
+0.17
Total
132,154
3
±0
Valid votes
132,154
98.77
+0.09
Invalid votes
1,642
1.23
–0.09
Votes cast / turnout
133,796
71.41
–6.13
Abstentions
53,575
28.59
+6.13
Registered voters
187,371
Sources[ 10]
April 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
42,521
29.80
+6.78
1 ±0
People's Party (PP)
28,618
20.05
–19.52
1 –1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
26,817
18.79
+2.38
1 +1
Vox (Vox)
23,501
16.47
+16.06
0
±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )
17,524
12.28
–5.88
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,816
1.27
+0.24
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group –PCAS –TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)
335
0.23
+0.04
0
±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)
325
0.23
+0.13
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
254
0.18
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
996
0.70
+0.08
Total
142,707
3
±0
Valid votes
142,707
98.68
–0.29
Invalid votes
1,904
1.32
+0.29
Votes cast / turnout
144,611
77.54
+4.68
Abstentions
41,896
22.46
–4.68
Registered voters
186,507
Sources[ 10]
2016 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
52,047
39.57
+4.81
2 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
30,282
23.02
+0.50
1 ±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )1
23,884
18.16
–3.46
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
21,586
16.41
–1.64
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,349
1.03
+0.18
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
541
0.41
–0.06
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
413
0.31
–0.44
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
245
0.19
–0.02
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
206
0.16
New
0
±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)
126
0.10
New
0
±0
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn)
37
0.03
–0.03
0
±0
Blank ballots
822
0.62
–0.10
Total
131,538
3
±0
Valid votes
131,538
98.97
+0.10
Invalid votes
1,365
1.03
–0.10
Votes cast / turnout
132,903
72.86
–2.74
Abstentions
49,505
27.14
+2.74
Registered voters
182,408
Sources[ 10]
2015 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
47,365
34.76
–19.24
1 –1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
30,685
22.52
–5.17
1 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
24,603
18.05
New
1 +1
We Can (Podemos)
23,827
17.49
New
0
±0
United Left –Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC)
5,628
4.13
–2.71
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,152
0.85
+0.38
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
1,026
0.75
–6.78
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
645
0.47
New
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
283
0.21
New
0
±0
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn)
75
0.06
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
979
0.72
–0.62
Total
136,268
3
±0
Valid votes
136,268
98.87
+0.51
Invalid votes
1,562
1.13
–0.51
Votes cast / turnout
137,830
75.60
+0.78
Abstentions
44,491
24.40
–0.78
Registered voters
182,321
Sources[ 10]
2011 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
71,362
54.00
+3.35
2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
36,589
27.69
–13.28
1 ±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
9,947
7.53
+5.42
0
±0
United Left of Castilla–La Mancha –The Greens : Plural Left (IUCLM–LV)
9,036
6.84
+3.55
0
±0
Equo (Equo)
1,273
0.96
New
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
620
0.47
+0.24
0
±0
Blank Seats (EB)
498
0.38
New
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
471
0.36
+0.25
0
±0
Castilian Party (PCAS)1
197
0.15
+0.06
0
±0
Anti-capitalists (Anticapitalistas)
194
0.15
New
0
±0
Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD)
99
0.07
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
92
0.07
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,776
1.34
+0.30
Total
132,154
3
±0
Valid votes
132,154
98.36
–0.90
Invalid votes
2,197
1.64
+0.90
Votes cast / turnout
134,351
74.82
–5.06
Abstentions
45,219
25.18
+5.06
Registered voters
179,570
Sources[ 10]
2008 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
67,668
50.65
+3.07
2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
54,738
40.97
–3.14
1 ±0
United Left–Alternative (IU)
4,390
3.29
–1.14
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
2,820
2.11
New
0
±0
The Greens of Europe (LVdE)
563
0.42
New
0
±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
308
0.23
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
243
0.18
+0.09
0
±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
172
0.13
New
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
163
0.12
–0.30
0
±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)
152
0.11
–0.17
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
146
0.11
+0.01
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
126
0.09
New
0
±0
Commoners' Land (TC)
123
0.09
–0.04
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
106
0.08
+0.02
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
104
0.08
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
91
0.07
–0.01
0
±0
Spanish Alternative (AES)
60
0.04
New
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Centre (CDEs)
57
0.04
New
0
±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)
56
0.04
±0.00
0
±0
Spanish Front (Frente)
39
0.03
New
0
±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000)
36
0.03
New
0
±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)
32
0.02
–0.12
0
±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC)
9
0.01
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,396
1.04
–1.08
Total
133,598
3
±0
Valid votes
133,598
99.26
+0.20
Invalid votes
990
0.74
–0.20
Votes cast / turnout
134,588
79.88
–0.27
Abstentions
33,898
20.12
+0.27
Registered voters
168,486
Sources[ 10]
2004 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
57,078
47.58
–6.80
2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
52,915
44.11
+8.05
1 ±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM)
5,310
4.43
–1.41
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
504
0.42
New
0
±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)
330
0.28
–0.11
0
±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)
172
0.14
New
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
159
0.13
+0.01
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
154
0.13
–0.11
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)
119
0.10
+0.06
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
116
0.10
New
0
±0
Republican Left (IR)
113
0.09
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
107
0.09
–0.03
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
91
0.08
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
73
0.06
New
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
70
0.06
–0.05
0
±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)
46
0.04
New
0
±0
Spanish Absolute Honesty Political Group (GPHAE)
35
0.03
New
0
±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR)
28
0.02
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,544
2.12
+0.28
Total
119,964
3
±0
Valid votes
119,964
99.06
+0.03
Invalid votes
1,140
0.94
–0.03
Votes cast / turnout
121,104
80.15
+4.68
Abstentions
30,002
19.85
–4.68
Registered voters
151,106
Sources[ 10]
2000 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
55,895
54.38
+2.51
2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party –Progressives (PSOE–p)
37,060
36.06
+1.13
1 ±0
United Left (IU)
6,000
5.84
–4.87
0
±0
Liberal Independent Group (GIL)
645
0.63
New
0
±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)
400
0.39
+0.06
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
244
0.24
+0.16
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
187
0.18
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
128
0.12
±0.00
0
±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS)
119
0.12
–0.20
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
114
0.11
New
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)
41
0.04
New
0
±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000)
31
0.03
New
0
±0
Carlist Party (PC)
14
0.01
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,895
1.84
+0.51
Total
102,782
3
±0
Valid votes
102,782
99.03
–0.27
Invalid votes
1,002
0.97
+0.27
Votes cast / turnout
103,784
75.47
–5.73
Abstentions
33,739
24.53
+5.73
Registered voters
137,523
Sources[ 10]
1996 general election [ edit ] 1993 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
46,908
48.82
+6.07
2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
35,163
36.59
+0.08
1 ±0
United Left (IU)
8,826
9.19
+0.79
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
2,300
2.39
–5.25
0
±0
The Greens (Verdes)
647
0.67
–0.05
0
±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group–Independent Party–Social Movement (ARM–PAI–MAS)
311
0.32
–0.37
0
±0
The Ecologists (LE)
308
0.32
–0.22
0
±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)
267
0.28
–0.21
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
104
0.11
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
75
0.08
–0.13
0
±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1
39
0.04
–0.03
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
37
0.04
–0.05
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
34
0.04
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,072
1.12
+0.20
Total
96,091
3
±0
Valid votes
96,091
99.35
+0.21
Invalid votes
630
0.65
–0.21
Votes cast / turnout
96,721
80.89
+5.29
Abstentions
22,844
19.11
–5.29
Registered voters
119,565
Sources[ 10]
1989 general election [ edit ] 1986 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Coalition (AP –PDP –PL )1
36,174
41.92
+4.26
2 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
32,855
38.08
–0.10
1 –1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
9,407
10.90
+7.64
0
±0
United Left (IU)2
4,024
4.66
+0.87
0
±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)
928
1.08
New
0
±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC)
670
0.78
New
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
505
0.59
–0.49
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
479
0.56
+0.15
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
204
0.24
+0.13
0
±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)
160
0.19
New
0
±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)3
143
0.17
+0.11
0
±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)
85
0.10
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
655
0.76
–0.01
Total
86,289
3
±0
Valid votes
86,289
98.37
+0.09
Invalid votes
1,434
1.63
–0.09
Votes cast / turnout
87,723
76.07
–8.26
Abstentions
27,598
23.93
+8.26
Registered voters
115,321
Sources[ 10]
1982 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
34,212
38.18
+14.74
2 +1
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP –PDP )1
33,748
37.66
+26.79
1 +1
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
12,049
13.45
–33.49
0
–2
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
3,392
3.79
–4.86
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
2,919
3.26
New
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
971
1.08
New
0
±0
New Force (FN)2
805
0.90
–5.72
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
365
0.41
New
0
±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE)
136
0.15
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
99
0.11
New
0
±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI))
99
0.11
New
0
±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE)
66
0.07
New
0
±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))
56
0.06
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
693
0.77
+0.40
Total
89,610
3
±0
Valid votes
89,610
98.28
–0.57
Invalid votes
1,564
1.72
+0.57
Votes cast / turnout
91,174
84.33
+11.84
Abstentions
16,942
15.67
–11.84
Registered voters
108,116
Sources[ 10]
1979 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
36,361
46.94
–1.79
2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1
18,155
23.44
–0.49
1 ±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)2
8,416
10.87
–5.01
0
±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
6,699
8.65
+1.81
0
±0
National Union (UN)3
5,131
6.62
+2.92
0
±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)
666
0.86
New
0
±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)
513
0.66
New
0
±0
Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (OCE–BR)
421
0.54
New
0
±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)4
301
0.39
–0.26
0
±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA)
246
0.32
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A))
156
0.20
New
0
±0
Communist Movement –Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)
107
0.14
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
286
0.37
+0.12
Total
77,458
3
±0
Valid votes
77,458
98.85
–0.08
Invalid votes
899
1.15
+0.08
Votes cast / turnout
78,357
72.49
–13.31
Abstentions
29,738
27.51
+13.31
Registered voters
108,095
Sources[ 10]
1977 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
39,321
48.73
n/a 2 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
17,133
21.23
n/a
1 n/a
People's Alliance (AP)
12,815
15.88
n/a
0
n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
5,521
6.84
n/a
0
n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
2,989
3.70
n/a
0
n/a
People's Socialist Party –Socialist Unity (PSP–US)
2,182
2.70
n/a
0
n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI)
526
0.65
n/a
0
n/a
Blank ballots
203
0.25
n/a
Total
80,690
3
n/a
Valid votes
80,690
98.93
n/a
Invalid votes
872
1.07
n/a
Votes cast / turnout
81,562
85.80
n/a
Abstentions
13,499
14.20
n/a
Registered voters
95,061
Sources[ 10]
^ "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X .^ Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1) (in Spanish). 4 January 1977. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .^ a b Constitución Española (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote" . cafebabel.co.uk . Retrieved 17 July 2017 . ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero" . Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022 . ^ a b Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019 .^ a b Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 30 January 2020 .^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems" . Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017 . ^ "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" . Ministry of the Interior . Retrieved 15 April 2022 .
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268,127 (2022)[1]